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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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Negative thinking.

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This is referred to as pessimistic thinking.

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It inclines the person toward pessimism and a bleak outlook on matters.

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Consequently, they emphasize evil and harbor ill assumptions.

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They dwell on faults rather than virtues.

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The danger of this type of cognitive distortion

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is that it leads the individual toward despair, frustration, and doubt.

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This contradicts what has come in the Book and the Sunnah regarding the command to be optimistic,

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to expect good, and to maintain a positive opinion.

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As in the words of Allah the Exalted:

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"Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to immorality,"

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"while Allah promises you forgiveness from Him and bounty."

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"And Allah is all-Encompassing, all-Knowing."

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And He said regarding His Prophet Ya'qub, peace be upon him:

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“Go, O my sons, and ascertain concerning Joseph and his brother, and despair not of the Spirit of Allah. Lo! none despaireth of the Spirit of Allah save disbelieving folk.” (12:87)

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“Go, O my sons, and ascertain concerning Joseph and his brother, and despair not of the Spirit of Allah. Lo! none despaireth of the Spirit of Allah save disbelieving folk.” (12:87)

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A narration has been reported, though its attribution to the Prophet is weak,

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yet it is authentic when attributed to 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him.

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"Indeed, Satan has a touch upon the son of Adam,

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and the angel has a touch.

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As for the touch of Satan,

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it is a promise of evil and a denial of the truth.

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As for the touch of the angel,

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it is a promise of good and a confirmation of the truth.

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So whoever finds that [within himself],

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let him know that it is from Allah,

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and let him praise Allah.

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And whoever finds the other,

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let him seek refuge in Allah from Satan."

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He then recited:

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"Satan threatens you with poverty,"

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to the end of the verse.

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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.