1 00:00:00,780 --> 00:00:09,779 Riyad al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 2 00:00:09,779 --> 00:00:21,329 Chapter: Judging People by What Is Apparent, Leaving Their Inward Secrets to Allah the Exalted. 3 00:00:21,329 --> 00:00:25,329 On the authority of Usamah ibn Zayd, may Allah be pleased with both of them, who said: 4 00:00:25,329 --> 00:00:31,329 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent us on an expedition to al-Huraqah of the Juhaynah tribe. 5 00:00:31,329 --> 00:00:34,329 We attacked them in the morning at their watering places, 6 00:00:34,329 --> 00:00:39,329 and I, along with a man from the Ansar, caught up with one of their men. 7 00:00:39,329 --> 00:00:44,329 When we overwhelmed him, he said, "There is no god but Allah." 8 00:00:44,329 --> 00:00:50,329 The Ansari refrained from killing him, but I pierced him with my spear until I killed him. 9 00:00:50,329 --> 00:00:56,329 When we arrived back in Medina, news of this reached the Prophet, peace be upon him. 10 00:00:56,329 --> 00:01:00,329 He said to me: "O Usamah, 11 00:01:00,329 --> 00:01:05,359 did you kill him after he had said, 'There is no god but Allah'?" 12 00:01:05,359 --> 00:01:10,359 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it to seek refuge from death." 13 00:01:10,359 --> 00:01:17,390 He said, "Did you kill him after he had said, 'There is no god but Allah'?" 14 00:01:17,390 --> 00:01:25,650 And he kept repeating it to me until I wished that I had not embraced Islam before that day. 15 00:01:25,650 --> 00:01:27,840 Agreed upon. 16 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:32,840 In another narration, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 17 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:37,840 "He said, 'There is no god but Allah,' and you killed him?!" 18 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:43,969 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it out of fear of the weapon." 19 00:01:43,969 --> 00:01:50,969 He said, "Did you tear open his heart to know whether he had said it sincerely or not?!" 20 00:01:50,969 --> 00:01:57,000 And he kept repeating it until I wished that I had only embraced Islam on that day. 21 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:03,420 "Al-Huraqah" is a clan of Juhaynah, a well-known tribe. 22 00:02:03,420 --> 00:02:11,509 His saying "he only said it to seek refuge" means he was using it to protect himself from being killed, not out of true belief. 23 00:02:11,509 --> 00:02:17,180 "We attacked them in the morning" means we came upon them at dawn. 24 00:02:17,180 --> 00:02:24,439 "We overwhelmed him" means we drew near to him, overtook him, and brought our weapons over him. 25 00:02:24,439 --> 00:02:29,439 "Until I wished that I had not embraced Islam before that day" 26 00:02:29,439 --> 00:02:34,439 means: until I wished that my conversion to Islam had not preceded that event, 27 00:02:34,439 --> 00:02:37,439 but rather that I had only just begun it then. 28 00:02:37,439 --> 00:02:40,270 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 29 00:02:40,270 --> 00:02:45,689 The leader is the one who dispatches military expeditions and commands the soldiers. 30 00:02:45,689 --> 00:02:49,979 It is obligatory to base the rulings of Islam on what is outward and apparent, 31 00:02:49,979 --> 00:02:52,979 and it is not permissible to probe into what lies hidden in the inward conscience. 32 00:02:52,979 --> 00:02:55,979 In this legislation there is a blocking of the means to evil, 33 00:02:55,979 --> 00:02:59,979 and a prevention of those who desire revenge, vendetta, and bloodshed 34 00:02:59,979 --> 00:03:02,979 under the pretext that the other person's inner intention is not genuine. 35 00:03:02,979 --> 00:03:09,460 The Messenger, peace be upon him, did not rule that legal retribution (qisas) be carried out against Usamah, 36 00:03:09,460 --> 00:03:12,460 because he had killed him based on a mistaken interpretation of the situation, 37 00:03:12,460 --> 00:03:14,460 which constituted an element of doubt, 38 00:03:14,460 --> 00:03:17,460 and prescribed punishments (hudud) are averted by doubts. 39 00:03:17,460 --> 00:03:21,460 However, such an act makes blood money (diyah) incumbent upon the paternal relatives of the killer ('aqilah). 40 00:03:21,460 --> 00:03:24,870 It is not permissible for someone who commits a major sin 41 00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:28,870 to wish that he had not embraced Islam until after doing so; 42 00:03:28,870 --> 00:03:31,870 rather, Usamah, may Allah be pleased with him, only said that 43 00:03:31,870 --> 00:03:34,870 because of the overwhelming fear that seized his heart 44 00:03:34,870 --> 00:03:39,870 from the severity of the Prophet's condemnation of the deed. 45 00:03:39,870 --> 00:03:45,180 On the authority of Jundub ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him: 46 00:03:45,180 --> 00:03:49,180 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 47 00:03:49,180 --> 00:03:54,180 sent an expedition of Muslims against a group of polytheists, 48 00:03:54,180 --> 00:03:56,180 and they met in battle. 49 00:03:56,180 --> 00:03:58,180 There was a man among the polytheists 50 00:03:58,180 --> 00:04:02,180 who, whenever he intended to target one of the Muslims, 51 00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:04,180 went after him and killed him. 52 00:04:04,180 --> 00:04:08,280 Then one of the Muslims sought to take him by surprise— 53 00:04:08,280 --> 00:04:12,280 and we used to say that he was Usamah ibn Zayd. 54 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:14,280 When he raised the sword against him, 55 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:18,279 the man said, "There is no god but Allah," 56 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:20,410 yet he killed him. 57 00:04:20,410 --> 00:04:25,410 A bearer of glad tidings came to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 58 00:04:25,410 --> 00:04:27,410 who questioned him, and the messenger informed him of the news, 59 00:04:27,410 --> 00:04:31,410 eventually relating the story of that man and what had transpired. 60 00:04:31,410 --> 00:04:33,410 So the Prophet summoned him and asked him, 61 00:04:33,410 --> 00:04:36,410 saying, "Why did you kill him?" 62 00:04:36,410 --> 00:04:39,410 He replied, "O Messenger of Allah, 63 00:04:39,410 --> 00:04:41,410 he had inflicted heavy casualties upon the Muslims, 64 00:04:41,410 --> 00:04:44,410 killing so-and-so and so-and-so," 65 00:04:44,410 --> 00:04:46,410 naming a number of them for him, 66 00:04:46,410 --> 00:04:48,410 "and I charged at him; 67 00:04:48,410 --> 00:04:50,410 yet when he saw the sword, he said, 68 00:04:50,410 --> 00:04:53,439 'There is no god but Allah.'" 69 00:04:53,439 --> 00:04:57,439 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 70 00:04:57,439 --> 00:04:58,439 "Did you kill him?" 71 00:04:58,439 --> 00:05:00,540 He replied, "Yes." 72 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:01,540 He said: 73 00:05:01,540 --> 00:05:05,540 "What then will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 74 00:05:05,540 --> 00:05:08,600 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 75 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:09,600 He said: 76 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:11,600 "O Messenger of Allah, 77 00:05:11,600 --> 00:05:12,600 ask forgiveness for me!" 78 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:13,600 He said: 79 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:17,600 "And what will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 80 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:20,699 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 81 00:05:20,699 --> 00:05:23,699 And he did nothing more than repeat: 82 00:05:23,699 --> 00:05:27,699 "What will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 83 00:05:27,699 --> 00:05:31,019 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 84 00:05:31,019 --> 00:05:33,019 Narrated by Muslim. 85 00:05:33,019 --> 00:05:36,819 "He had inflicted heavy casualties upon the Muslims" 86 00:05:36,819 --> 00:05:40,519 means he struck hard against them and caused them great pain. 87 00:05:40,519 --> 00:05:42,870 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 88 00:05:42,870 --> 00:05:48,870 This hadith and the one preceding it refer to the same single incident; 89 00:05:48,870 --> 00:05:52,870 it is merely a matter of differing narrations in certain wordings, 90 00:05:52,870 --> 00:05:55,379 while the subject matter is one and the same. 91 00:05:55,379 --> 00:05:59,379 It is permissible to convey glad tidings of victory over enemies to the leader, 92 00:05:59,379 --> 00:06:03,899 and to inform him of what occurred on the battlefield. 93 00:06:03,899 --> 00:06:06,899 It is permissible for the leader to reprimand the army 94 00:06:06,899 --> 00:06:12,079 whenever an infraction of the Sharia is committed by them. 95 00:06:12,079 --> 00:06:16,079 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Utbah ibn Mas'ud, who said: 96 00:06:16,079 --> 00:06:20,079 I heard 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, say: 97 00:06:20,079 --> 00:06:27,079 "People used to be judged by divine revelation during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 98 00:06:27,079 --> 00:06:30,079 but the divine revelation has now ceased. 99 00:06:30,079 --> 00:06:35,180 We now judge you only by what is manifest to us of your actions: 100 00:06:35,180 --> 00:06:40,209 whoever shows us good, we ensure his safety and bring him near, 101 00:06:40,209 --> 00:06:43,209 and we have no business with his inner secrets; 102 00:06:43,209 --> 00:06:46,209 Allah will hold him to account for his inner secrets. 103 00:06:46,209 --> 00:06:49,339 But whoever shows us evil, 104 00:06:49,339 --> 00:06:52,339 we do not ensure his safety, nor do we believe him, 105 00:06:52,339 --> 00:06:55,339 even if he claims that his inner intention is good." 106 00:06:55,339 --> 00:06:58,529 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 107 00:06:58,529 --> 00:07:01,870 "They used to be judged by divine revelation" 108 00:07:01,870 --> 00:07:03,870 means that revelation would descend concerning them, 109 00:07:03,870 --> 00:07:06,870 disclosing the true reality of their state; 110 00:07:06,870 --> 00:07:10,870 and that was during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 111 00:07:10,870 --> 00:07:13,000 "We ensure his safety" 112 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:16,000 means we treat him as trustworthy in our estimation. 113 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:18,100 "His inner secrets" 114 00:07:18,100 --> 00:07:21,100 means that which he conceals and hides within. 115 00:07:21,100 --> 00:07:23,860 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 116 00:07:23,860 --> 00:07:27,149 'Umar's informing the people, may Allah be pleased with him, 117 00:07:27,149 --> 00:07:32,149 of how matters were during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 118 00:07:32,149 --> 00:07:35,149 and how they became after his passing. 119 00:07:35,149 --> 00:07:39,629 Islamic rulings must be applied according to people's outward conduct 120 00:07:39,629 --> 00:07:42,629 and the actions that proceed from them. 121 00:07:42,629 --> 00:07:47,079 A good intention does not justify committing a sin, 122 00:07:47,079 --> 00:07:51,079 nor does it waive the execution of prescribed legal penalties and retribution. 123 00:07:51,079 --> 00:07:54,399 The ruler is obligated to act justly toward his subjects, 124 00:07:54,399 --> 00:08:00,399 and to execute the ruling of Allah equally upon the noble and the humble alike, 125 00:08:00,399 --> 00:08:04,399 fearing no blame from any blamer for the sake of Allah. 126 00:08:04,399 --> 00:08:07,779 An excuse is accepted from someone whose true state is known to us 127 00:08:07,779 --> 00:08:10,779 and whose word we are certain of. 128 00:08:10,779 --> 00:08:14,170 The ultimate reckoning on the Day of the Supreme Recompense 129 00:08:14,170 --> 00:08:18,170 will be based upon what the servant has concealed in his inner heart: 130 00:08:18,170 --> 00:08:21,170 if it was good, then the outcome will be good, 131 00:08:21,170 --> 00:08:23,170 and if it was evil, 132 00:08:23,170 --> 00:08:26,970 then his recompense will be of the same nature as his deed. 133 00:08:26,970 --> 00:08:30,970 Riyad al-Salihin.