WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Riyad al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:21.329 Chapter: Judging People by What Is Apparent, Leaving Their Inward Secrets to Allah the Exalted. 00:00:21.329 --> 00:00:25.329 On the authority of Usamah ibn Zayd, may Allah be pleased with both of them, who said: 00:00:25.329 --> 00:00:31.329 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent us on an expedition to al-Huraqah of the Juhaynah tribe. 00:00:31.329 --> 00:00:34.329 We attacked them in the morning at their watering places, 00:00:34.329 --> 00:00:39.329 and I, along with a man from the Ansar, caught up with one of their men. 00:00:39.329 --> 00:00:44.329 When we overwhelmed him, he said, "There is no god but Allah." 00:00:44.329 --> 00:00:50.329 The Ansari refrained from killing him, but I pierced him with my spear until I killed him. 00:00:50.329 --> 00:00:56.329 When we arrived back in Medina, news of this reached the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:00:56.329 --> 00:01:00.329 He said to me: "O Usamah, 00:01:00.329 --> 00:01:05.359 did you kill him after he had said, 'There is no god but Allah'?" 00:01:05.359 --> 00:01:10.359 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it to seek refuge from death." 00:01:10.359 --> 00:01:17.390 He said, "Did you kill him after he had said, 'There is no god but Allah'?" 00:01:17.390 --> 00:01:25.650 And he kept repeating it to me until I wished that I had not embraced Islam before that day. 00:01:25.650 --> 00:01:27.840 Agreed upon. 00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:32.840 In another narration, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:01:32.840 --> 00:01:37.840 "He said, 'There is no god but Allah,' and you killed him?!" 00:01:37.840 --> 00:01:43.969 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it out of fear of the weapon." 00:01:43.969 --> 00:01:50.969 He said, "Did you tear open his heart to know whether he had said it sincerely or not?!" 00:01:50.969 --> 00:01:57.000 And he kept repeating it until I wished that I had only embraced Islam on that day. 00:01:57.000 --> 00:02:03.420 "Al-Huraqah" is a clan of Juhaynah, a well-known tribe. 00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:11.509 His saying "he only said it to seek refuge" means he was using it to protect himself from being killed, not out of true belief. 00:02:11.509 --> 00:02:17.180 "We attacked them in the morning" means we came upon them at dawn. 00:02:17.180 --> 00:02:24.439 "We overwhelmed him" means we drew near to him, overtook him, and brought our weapons over him. 00:02:24.439 --> 00:02:29.439 "Until I wished that I had not embraced Islam before that day" 00:02:29.439 --> 00:02:34.439 means: until I wished that my conversion to Islam had not preceded that event, 00:02:34.439 --> 00:02:37.439 but rather that I had only just begun it then. 00:02:37.439 --> 00:02:40.270 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:02:40.270 --> 00:02:45.689 The leader is the one who dispatches military expeditions and commands the soldiers. 00:02:45.689 --> 00:02:49.979 It is obligatory to base the rulings of Islam on what is outward and apparent, 00:02:49.979 --> 00:02:52.979 and it is not permissible to probe into what lies hidden in the inward conscience. 00:02:52.979 --> 00:02:55.979 In this legislation there is a blocking of the means to evil, 00:02:55.979 --> 00:02:59.979 and a prevention of those who desire revenge, vendetta, and bloodshed 00:02:59.979 --> 00:03:02.979 under the pretext that the other person's inner intention is not genuine. 00:03:02.979 --> 00:03:09.460 The Messenger, peace be upon him, did not rule that legal retribution (qisas) be carried out against Usamah, 00:03:09.460 --> 00:03:12.460 because he had killed him based on a mistaken interpretation of the situation, 00:03:12.460 --> 00:03:14.460 which constituted an element of doubt, 00:03:14.460 --> 00:03:17.460 and prescribed punishments (hudud) are averted by doubts. 00:03:17.460 --> 00:03:21.460 However, such an act makes blood money (diyah) incumbent upon the paternal relatives of the killer ('aqilah). 00:03:21.460 --> 00:03:24.870 It is not permissible for someone who commits a major sin 00:03:24.870 --> 00:03:28.870 to wish that he had not embraced Islam until after doing so; 00:03:28.870 --> 00:03:31.870 rather, Usamah, may Allah be pleased with him, only said that 00:03:31.870 --> 00:03:34.870 because of the overwhelming fear that seized his heart 00:03:34.870 --> 00:03:39.870 from the severity of the Prophet's condemnation of the deed. 00:03:39.870 --> 00:03:45.180 On the authority of Jundub ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:03:45.180 --> 00:03:49.180 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:03:49.180 --> 00:03:54.180 sent an expedition of Muslims against a group of polytheists, 00:03:54.180 --> 00:03:56.180 and they met in battle. 00:03:56.180 --> 00:03:58.180 There was a man among the polytheists 00:03:58.180 --> 00:04:02.180 who, whenever he intended to target one of the Muslims, 00:04:02.180 --> 00:04:04.180 went after him and killed him. 00:04:04.180 --> 00:04:08.280 Then one of the Muslims sought to take him by surprise— 00:04:08.280 --> 00:04:12.280 and we used to say that he was Usamah ibn Zayd. 00:04:12.280 --> 00:04:14.280 When he raised the sword against him, 00:04:14.280 --> 00:04:18.279 the man said, "There is no god but Allah," 00:04:18.279 --> 00:04:20.410 yet he killed him. 00:04:20.410 --> 00:04:25.410 A bearer of glad tidings came to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:04:25.410 --> 00:04:27.410 who questioned him, and the messenger informed him of the news, 00:04:27.410 --> 00:04:31.410 eventually relating the story of that man and what had transpired. 00:04:31.410 --> 00:04:33.410 So the Prophet summoned him and asked him, 00:04:33.410 --> 00:04:36.410 saying, "Why did you kill him?" 00:04:36.410 --> 00:04:39.410 He replied, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:04:39.410 --> 00:04:41.410 he had inflicted heavy casualties upon the Muslims, 00:04:41.410 --> 00:04:44.410 killing so-and-so and so-and-so," 00:04:44.410 --> 00:04:46.410 naming a number of them for him, 00:04:46.410 --> 00:04:48.410 "and I charged at him; 00:04:48.410 --> 00:04:50.410 yet when he saw the sword, he said, 00:04:50.410 --> 00:04:53.439 'There is no god but Allah.'" 00:04:53.439 --> 00:04:57.439 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:04:57.439 --> 00:04:58.439 "Did you kill him?" 00:04:58.439 --> 00:05:00.540 He replied, "Yes." 00:05:00.540 --> 00:05:01.540 He said: 00:05:01.540 --> 00:05:05.540 "What then will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 00:05:05.540 --> 00:05:08.600 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 00:05:08.600 --> 00:05:09.600 He said: 00:05:09.600 --> 00:05:11.600 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:05:11.600 --> 00:05:12.600 ask forgiveness for me!" 00:05:12.600 --> 00:05:13.600 He said: 00:05:13.600 --> 00:05:17.600 "And what will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 00:05:17.600 --> 00:05:20.699 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 00:05:20.699 --> 00:05:23.699 And he did nothing more than repeat: 00:05:23.699 --> 00:05:27.699 "What will you do with 'There is no god but Allah' 00:05:27.699 --> 00:05:31.019 when it comes on the Day of Resurrection?" 00:05:31.019 --> 00:05:33.019 Narrated by Muslim. 00:05:33.019 --> 00:05:36.819 "He had inflicted heavy casualties upon the Muslims" 00:05:36.819 --> 00:05:40.519 means he struck hard against them and caused them great pain. 00:05:40.519 --> 00:05:42.870 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:05:42.870 --> 00:05:48.870 This hadith and the one preceding it refer to the same single incident; 00:05:48.870 --> 00:05:52.870 it is merely a matter of differing narrations in certain wordings, 00:05:52.870 --> 00:05:55.379 while the subject matter is one and the same. 00:05:55.379 --> 00:05:59.379 It is permissible to convey glad tidings of victory over enemies to the leader, 00:05:59.379 --> 00:06:03.899 and to inform him of what occurred on the battlefield. 00:06:03.899 --> 00:06:06.899 It is permissible for the leader to reprimand the army 00:06:06.899 --> 00:06:12.079 whenever an infraction of the Sharia is committed by them. 00:06:12.079 --> 00:06:16.079 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Utbah ibn Mas'ud, who said: 00:06:16.079 --> 00:06:20.079 I heard 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, say: 00:06:20.079 --> 00:06:27.079 "People used to be judged by divine revelation during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:06:27.079 --> 00:06:30.079 but the divine revelation has now ceased. 00:06:30.079 --> 00:06:35.180 We now judge you only by what is manifest to us of your actions: 00:06:35.180 --> 00:06:40.209 whoever shows us good, we ensure his safety and bring him near, 00:06:40.209 --> 00:06:43.209 and we have no business with his inner secrets; 00:06:43.209 --> 00:06:46.209 Allah will hold him to account for his inner secrets. 00:06:46.209 --> 00:06:49.339 But whoever shows us evil, 00:06:49.339 --> 00:06:52.339 we do not ensure his safety, nor do we believe him, 00:06:52.339 --> 00:06:55.339 even if he claims that his inner intention is good." 00:06:55.339 --> 00:06:58.529 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:06:58.529 --> 00:07:01.870 "They used to be judged by divine revelation" 00:07:01.870 --> 00:07:03.870 means that revelation would descend concerning them, 00:07:03.870 --> 00:07:06.870 disclosing the true reality of their state; 00:07:06.870 --> 00:07:10.870 and that was during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:07:10.870 --> 00:07:13.000 "We ensure his safety" 00:07:13.000 --> 00:07:16.000 means we treat him as trustworthy in our estimation. 00:07:16.000 --> 00:07:18.100 "His inner secrets" 00:07:18.100 --> 00:07:21.100 means that which he conceals and hides within. 00:07:21.100 --> 00:07:23.860 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:07:23.860 --> 00:07:27.149 'Umar's informing the people, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:07:27.149 --> 00:07:32.149 of how matters were during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:07:32.149 --> 00:07:35.149 and how they became after his passing. 00:07:35.149 --> 00:07:39.629 Islamic rulings must be applied according to people's outward conduct 00:07:39.629 --> 00:07:42.629 and the actions that proceed from them. 00:07:42.629 --> 00:07:47.079 A good intention does not justify committing a sin, 00:07:47.079 --> 00:07:51.079 nor does it waive the execution of prescribed legal penalties and retribution. 00:07:51.079 --> 00:07:54.399 The ruler is obligated to act justly toward his subjects, 00:07:54.399 --> 00:08:00.399 and to execute the ruling of Allah equally upon the noble and the humble alike, 00:08:00.399 --> 00:08:04.399 fearing no blame from any blamer for the sake of Allah. 00:08:04.399 --> 00:08:07.779 An excuse is accepted from someone whose true state is known to us 00:08:07.779 --> 00:08:10.779 and whose word we are certain of. 00:08:10.779 --> 00:08:14.170 The ultimate reckoning on the Day of the Supreme Recompense 00:08:14.170 --> 00:08:18.170 will be based upon what the servant has concealed in his inner heart: 00:08:18.170 --> 00:08:21.170 if it was good, then the outcome will be good, 00:08:21.170 --> 00:08:23.170 and if it was evil, 00:08:23.170 --> 00:08:26.970 then his recompense will be of the same nature as his deed. 00:08:26.970 --> 00:08:30.970 Riyad al-Salihin.