1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,700 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,700 --> 00:00:13,259 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 3 00:00:13,259 --> 00:00:17,820 *A Concise Summary of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)* 4 00:00:17,820 --> 00:00:22,899 Written by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid Al-Azmi, 5 00:00:22,899 --> 00:00:25,019 May Allah preserve him. 6 00:00:25,019 --> 00:00:33,070 The Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) to Al-'Is. 7 00:00:35,060 --> 00:00:43,299 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) dispatched Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) at the head of one hundred and seventy riders. 8 00:00:43,299 --> 00:00:47,859 This took place in Jumada al-Ula, in the sixth year of the Hijrah. 9 00:00:47,859 --> 00:00:52,979 The objective was to intercept a Qurayshi caravan returning from the Levant, 10 00:00:52,979 --> 00:00:56,820 Led by Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him), 11 00:00:56,820 --> 00:01:01,140 The husband of Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 12 00:01:01,140 --> 00:01:03,810 He was still a polytheist at the time. 13 00:01:03,810 --> 00:01:07,250 They overtook the caravan and seized it along with its contents, 14 00:01:07,250 --> 00:01:10,450 Capturing several individuals who were traveling with it, 15 00:01:10,450 --> 00:01:14,049 Among whom was Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him). 16 00:01:14,049 --> 00:01:16,900 They brought them as captives to Medina. 17 00:01:16,900 --> 00:01:20,099 Thereupon, Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' sent word 18 00:01:20,099 --> 00:01:25,379 To Zaynab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), in Medina— 19 00:01:25,379 --> 00:01:27,939 For she had already migrated to Medina— 20 00:01:27,939 --> 00:01:29,700 Seeking her protection. 21 00:01:29,700 --> 00:01:31,299 And she granted him protection. 22 00:01:31,299 --> 00:01:33,060 Indeed, Al-Hakim 23 00:01:33,219 --> 00:01:36,260 And Al-Tahawi in *Sharh Mushkil al-Athar* narrated, 24 00:01:36,260 --> 00:01:38,019 With a good chain of transmission, 25 00:01:38,019 --> 00:01:41,459 On the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 26 00:01:41,459 --> 00:01:45,700 Zaynab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 27 00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:48,700 Was sent a message by Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi', asking: "Obtain a guarantee of protection for me from your father." 28 00:01:48,700 --> 00:01:51,939 "Obtain a guarantee of protection for me from your father." 29 00:01:51,939 --> 00:01:56,019 So she went out, peeked her head out from the door of her apartment, 30 00:01:56,019 --> 00:02:01,340 While the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was leading the people in the Dawn prayer, 31 00:02:01,379 --> 00:02:02,620 And proclaimed: 32 00:02:02,620 --> 00:02:04,260 "O people! 33 00:02:04,260 --> 00:02:08,939 I am Zaynab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 34 00:02:08,939 --> 00:02:12,110 And I have granted protection to Abu al-'As!" 35 00:02:12,110 --> 00:02:16,590 When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) finished the prayer, 36 00:02:16,590 --> 00:02:17,590 He said: 37 00:02:17,590 --> 00:02:19,310 "O people! 38 00:02:19,310 --> 00:02:23,349 By Allah, I had no knowledge of this until you heard what you heard. 39 00:02:23,349 --> 00:02:27,750 Lo! Indeed, the lowest-ranking of the Muslims may grant protection that is binding upon them all." 40 00:02:27,789 --> 00:02:32,870 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then requested the members of the expeditionary force 41 00:02:32,870 --> 00:02:38,870 To return the property they had seized as spoils from the caravan of Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him), 42 00:02:38,870 --> 00:02:41,270 Without compelling them to do so. 43 00:02:41,270 --> 00:02:45,030 So they returned to him everything they had taken from the caravan, 44 00:02:45,030 --> 00:02:48,030 To the extent that a man would bring back a bucket, 45 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:50,710 Another a old water-skin or a leather flask, 46 00:02:50,710 --> 00:02:52,509 Down to a camel hobble— 47 00:02:52,509 --> 00:02:55,629 Until they had returned all of his wealth to him, 48 00:02:55,629 --> 00:03:00,379 With nothing at all missing from it. 49 00:03:00,379 --> 00:03:06,620 The Return of Abu al-'As (may Allah be pleased with him) to Mecca and His Acceptance of Islam. 50 00:03:06,620 --> 00:03:11,460 Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) then returned to Mecca 51 00:03:11,460 --> 00:03:15,379 And handed over to every owner of property among the Quraysh his due wealth, 52 00:03:15,379 --> 00:03:17,620 As well as the goods entrusted to him. 53 00:03:17,620 --> 00:03:19,020 He then said: 54 00:03:19,020 --> 00:03:21,020 "O people of Quraysh! 55 00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:25,219 Is there any wealth belonging to any of you remaining with me that he has not taken?" 56 00:03:25,259 --> 00:03:26,539 They replied, "No. 57 00:03:26,539 --> 00:03:28,939 May Allah reward you with good! 58 00:03:28,939 --> 00:03:32,139 We have found you to be faithful and honorable." 59 00:03:32,139 --> 00:03:34,539 He (may Allah be pleased with him) then said: 60 00:03:34,539 --> 00:03:37,860 "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, 61 00:03:37,860 --> 00:03:40,979 And that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. 62 00:03:40,979 --> 00:03:44,180 By Allah, nothing prevented me from accepting Islam while I was with him 63 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:49,979 Except the fear that you would think I only intended to consume your wealth. 64 00:03:49,979 --> 00:03:53,819 Now that Allah has delivered it back to you and I am free of it, 65 00:03:53,860 --> 00:03:55,259 I embrace Islam." 66 00:03:55,259 --> 00:03:57,539 He (may Allah be pleased with him) then set out 67 00:03:57,539 --> 00:04:02,340 Until he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 68 00:04:02,340 --> 00:04:04,460 Imam Al-Dhahabi said: 69 00:04:04,460 --> 00:04:10,659 "He embraced Islam five months before the Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah." 70 00:04:10,659 --> 00:04:19,149 Did the Prophet (peace be upon him) reunite Zaynab with Abu al-'As under a new marriage contract? 71 00:04:19,149 --> 00:04:24,589 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reunited Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) 72 00:04:24,629 --> 00:04:27,709 With Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) 73 00:04:27,709 --> 00:04:29,750 Under their original marriage contract, 74 00:04:29,750 --> 00:04:33,189 Without requiring new testimony or a new dowry, 75 00:04:33,189 --> 00:04:36,750 Because the verse prohibiting Muslim women from marrying disbelievers 76 00:04:36,750 --> 00:04:39,660 Had not yet been revealed at that time. 77 00:04:39,660 --> 00:04:43,500 Imam Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah narrated, 78 00:04:43,500 --> 00:04:45,180 With a good chain of transmission, 79 00:04:45,180 --> 00:04:48,699 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 80 00:04:48,699 --> 00:04:52,459 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) returned his daughter Zaynab 81 00:04:52,500 --> 00:04:56,180 To Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with them both) 82 00:04:56,180 --> 00:04:59,420 After six years, under their original marriage contract, 83 00:04:59,420 --> 00:05:02,050 Without renewing the marriage contract." 84 00:05:02,050 --> 00:05:04,129 Imam Al-Sindi said: 85 00:05:04,129 --> 00:05:05,490 "If it is asked: 86 00:05:05,490 --> 00:05:11,329 'His hadith states that he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) returned her to him after six years, 87 00:05:11,329 --> 00:05:15,329 Whereas the waiting period ('iddah) does not typically last for such a duration,' 88 00:05:15,329 --> 00:05:16,529 We answer: 89 00:05:16,529 --> 00:05:21,930 Her acceptance of Islam while he remained upon disbelief did not dissolve the original marriage 90 00:05:21,970 --> 00:05:25,250 Until after the revelation of the verse in Surah Al-Mumtahanah, 91 00:05:25,250 --> 00:05:28,209 Which occurred after the Truce of Al-Hudaybiyyah. 92 00:05:28,209 --> 00:05:30,050 Thus, her marriage was suspended 93 00:05:30,050 --> 00:05:33,370 Pending the completion of the waiting period starting from the time of the revelation. 94 00:05:33,370 --> 00:05:35,569 The conversion of Abu al-'As to Islam took place 95 00:05:35,569 --> 00:05:38,649 Shortly after Al-Hudaybiyyah, 96 00:05:38,649 --> 00:05:43,209 Such that it was plausible that her waiting period had not yet expired according to custom. 97 00:05:43,209 --> 00:05:48,199 Therefore, her return to him under the original marriage contract was likely due to that reason." 98 00:05:48,199 --> 00:05:50,560 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said: 99 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:54,800 "Taking the waiting period into consideration is not established in any of the hadiths, 100 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:59,279 Nor did the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ever ask a woman 101 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:02,000 Whether her waiting period had ended or not. 102 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:06,240 There is no doubt that Islam itself constituted a separation between spouses; 103 00:06:06,240 --> 00:06:10,160 However, it was not a revocable separation, but rather an irrevocable one. 104 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:13,519 Thus, the waiting period has no effect on maintaining the validity of the marriage; 105 00:06:13,519 --> 00:06:17,399 Its only effect is to prevent her from marrying someone else. 106 00:06:17,439 --> 00:06:21,360 For if Islam had immediately finalized the separation between them, 107 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:24,199 He would not have had a greater right to her during the waiting period. 108 00:06:24,199 --> 00:06:28,959 Rather, what his ruling (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) indicated 109 00:06:28,959 --> 00:06:31,319 Is that the marriage is placed on hold: 110 00:06:31,319 --> 00:06:35,519 If he accepts Islam before her waiting period expires, she remains his wife; 111 00:06:35,519 --> 00:06:40,240 And if her waiting period expires, she is free to marry whomever she wishes, 112 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:42,920 Or if she prefers, she may wait for him. 113 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:48,800 Then, if he accepts Islam, she remains his wife without any need to renew the marriage contract. 114 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:53,680 We do not know of anyone who ever renewed a marriage contract solely because of accepting Islam. 115 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:56,399 Rather, what actually occurred was one of two things: 116 00:06:56,399 --> 00:06:59,639 Either their permanent separation and her marrying another man, 117 00:06:59,639 --> 00:07:01,759 Or her remaining married to him, 118 00:07:01,759 --> 00:07:05,839 Even if her conversion or his conversion was delayed." 119 00:07:07,759 --> 00:07:09,839 Musa ibn 'Uqbah was of the view 120 00:07:09,879 --> 00:07:14,560 That the incident of Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi' (may Allah be pleased with him) and his capture 121 00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:17,519 Took place after the Truce of Al-Hudaybiyyah, 122 00:07:17,519 --> 00:07:20,560 And that those who intercepted his caravan 123 00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:26,720 Were Abu Basir, Abu Jandal, and their companions during the time of the Truce of Al-Hudaybiyyah, 124 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:31,600 And that this was not done by command of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 125 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:35,680 Because they were stationed separately from him along the seacoast, 126 00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:40,759 And no caravan belonging to the Quraysh passed by them except that they intercepted it. 127 00:07:40,759 --> 00:07:42,920 This was also the view of Al-Zuhri, 128 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:45,800 In contrast to the view held by Al-Waqidi, 129 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:48,160 Ibn Sa'd in his *Tabaqat*, 130 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:51,160 And other scholars of the military expeditions (*maghazi*), 131 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:55,079 Who held that the expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) 132 00:07:55,079 --> 00:07:57,720 Was the one that intercepted his caravan. 133 00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:01,139 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim deemed this view to be the correct one. 134 00:08:01,139 --> 00:08:03,339 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said: 135 00:08:03,339 --> 00:08:06,300 "The view of Musa ibn 'Uqbah is more correct, 136 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:09,899 For Abu al-'As only accepted Islam during the period of the truce, 137 00:08:09,899 --> 00:08:15,379 And the Quraysh only dispatched their caravans freely to the Levant during the period of the truce. 138 00:08:15,379 --> 00:08:17,819 Furthermore, Al-Zuhri's context in reporting the story 139 00:08:17,819 --> 00:08:21,939 Makes it clearly evident that it took place during the period of the truce." 140 00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:41,210 Yearning for you knows no bounds; 141 00:08:41,210 --> 00:08:47,860 May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 142 00:08:47,860 --> 00:08:54,279 And whenever lips move 143 00:08:54,279 --> 00:08:56,279 With righteous praise.