WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.459 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.459 --> 00:00:06.379 Efada Center 00:00:06.379 --> 00:00:09.500 for Humanistic Studies and Research 00:00:09.500 --> 00:00:10.880 presents 00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:15.900 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:15.900 --> 00:00:21.179 Chapter: One who leads another's riding beast during war. 00:00:21.179 --> 00:00:24.390 On the authority of Abu Ishaq, who said: 00:00:24.390 --> 00:00:25.870 I heard Al-Bara'— 00:00:25.870 --> 00:00:27.489 when a man asked him: 00:00:27.829 --> 00:00:31.230 "O Abu 'Umarah, did you flee on the day of Hunayn?" 00:00:31.230 --> 00:00:37.509 He replied, "No, by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not turn his back. 00:00:37.509 --> 00:00:43.750 Rather, some of his young, light-armed, and unarmored Companions went out, lacking weapons, 00:00:43.750 --> 00:00:48.590 and encountered a body of archers from Hawazin and Bani Nasr 00:00:48.590 --> 00:00:51.350 whose arrows hardly ever missed. 00:00:51.770 --> 00:00:55.689 They showered them with a volley of arrows that scarcely missed their targets, 00:00:55.689 --> 00:01:00.170 so at that point, they turned back toward the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:01:00.170 --> 00:01:02.729 who was riding his white mule, 00:01:02.729 --> 00:01:08.170 with his cousin Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib leading it for him. 00:01:08.170 --> 00:01:11.849 So he dismounted, prayed for victory, and then proclaimed: 00:01:11.849 --> 00:01:14.530 'I am the Prophet, no lie! 00:01:14.530 --> 00:01:16.890 I am the son of 'Abd al-Muttalib!'" 00:01:16.890 --> 00:01:18.549 In another narration: 00:01:18.969 --> 00:01:22.930 "And no man was seen on that day steadfast or formidable than he." 00:01:22.930 --> 00:01:25.989 He then drew up his Companions in battle lines. 00:01:25.989 --> 00:01:29.299 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:01:29.299 --> 00:01:33.739 "Abu 'Umarah" is the agnomen (kunyah) of Al-Bara', may Allah be pleased with him. 00:01:33.739 --> 00:01:37.290 "Hunayn" is a valley near Al-Ta'if. 00:01:37.290 --> 00:01:40.049 "Did not turn his back" (*ma walla*) means he did not flee. 00:01:40.049 --> 00:01:42.049 "Their light-armed ones" (*akhiffa'uhum*) 00:01:42.049 --> 00:01:46.049 refers to those who carried no heavy weaponry to weigh them down. 00:01:46.049 --> 00:01:49.489 "Unarmored" (*hussaran*) means they had no protective armor on them. 00:01:49.750 --> 00:01:52.310 "Whose arrows hardly ever missed" 00:01:52.310 --> 00:01:56.670 is an idiom denoting supreme archery skill and hitting the target. 00:01:56.670 --> 00:01:58.230 "So they showered them with a volley" (*farasahaquhum*) 00:01:58.230 --> 00:02:00.790 means they pelted them with arrows. 00:02:00.790 --> 00:02:02.230 "Prayed for victory" (*istansara*) 00:02:02.230 --> 00:02:05.260 means he supplicated to Allah to grant him victory. 00:02:05.260 --> 00:02:08.819 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:02:08.819 --> 00:02:10.860 From this hadith, it is benefited: 00:02:10.860 --> 00:02:13.379 The permissibility of calling out one's lineage or identity during war. 00:02:13.379 --> 00:02:18.900 What is disliked in doing so is only when done out of boastful pride outside of battle. 00:02:18.960 --> 00:02:23.199 It also demonstrates the bravery of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:02:23.199 --> 00:02:26.439 and his steadfastness in reassuring his Companions during battles. 00:02:26.439 --> 00:02:32.199 It underscores the desirability of supplicating Allah at the onset of battle. 00:02:32.199 --> 00:02:37.169 Chapter: The she-camel of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:02:37.169 --> 00:02:39.169 On the authority of Anas, who said: 00:02:39.169 --> 00:02:43.090 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had a she-camel 00:02:43.090 --> 00:02:44.969 named Al-'Adba', 00:02:44.969 --> 00:02:47.289 and she was almost never outpaced. 00:02:47.289 --> 00:02:50.169 Then a Bedouin came riding a young camel of his 00:02:50.169 --> 00:02:51.710 and outpaced her, 00:02:51.710 --> 00:02:54.430 which distressed the Muslims greatly, 00:02:54.430 --> 00:02:55.669 and they said: 00:02:55.669 --> 00:02:57.830 "Al-'Adba' has been outpaced!" 00:02:57.830 --> 00:03:01.590 Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:03:01.590 --> 00:03:08.240 "It is a right upon Allah that nothing rises in this world except that He brings it down." 00:03:08.240 --> 00:03:11.699 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:03:11.699 --> 00:03:12.900 "Al-'Adba'" 00:03:12.900 --> 00:03:14.939 means having a slit ear. 00:03:14.939 --> 00:03:16.020 It is also said that 00:03:16.020 --> 00:03:18.180 "Al-'Adba'" was simply her proper name, 00:03:18.180 --> 00:03:21.199 and her ear was not actually slit. 00:03:21.219 --> 00:03:22.259 "Young camel" (*qa'ud*) 00:03:22.259 --> 00:03:25.259 is a camel that has reached the age suitable for riding. 00:03:25.259 --> 00:03:26.500 "Distressed" (*ishtadda*) 00:03:26.500 --> 00:03:28.180 means it was burdensome and hard upon them. 00:03:28.180 --> 00:03:29.300 "Brings down" (*wada'a*) 00:03:29.300 --> 00:03:31.360 means lowers or humbles. 00:03:31.360 --> 00:03:35.000 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:03:35.000 --> 00:03:37.039 From this hadith, it is benefited: 00:03:37.039 --> 00:03:42.039 The permissibility of keeping camels for riding and racing them. 00:03:42.039 --> 00:03:44.520 It encourages ascetic detachment from worldly things, 00:03:44.520 --> 00:03:50.159 by pointing out that whatever rises in this world will inevitably be brought down. 00:03:50.180 --> 00:03:53.939 It contains an exhortation toward humility and noble character traits. 00:03:53.939 --> 00:03:59.900 It illustrates the intense love the Companions had for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:03:59.900 --> 00:04:08.340 The hadith indicates that one should avoid grief and discontent when losing in competitions. 00:04:08.340 --> 00:04:13.439 Chapter: Women taking part in military expeditions and fighting alongside men. 00:04:13.439 --> 00:04:16.519 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:04:16.519 --> 00:04:18.680 On the day of Uhud, 00:04:18.720 --> 00:04:22.959 when the people were routed away from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:04:22.959 --> 00:04:27.660 Abu Talhah stood in front of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:04:27.660 --> 00:04:31.259 shielding him with a large leather shield. 00:04:31.259 --> 00:04:35.990 Abu Talhah was a skilled archer who pulled his bowstring with immense force. 00:04:35.990 --> 00:04:37.310 In another narration: 00:04:37.310 --> 00:04:39.339 He pulled with a powerful draw, 00:04:39.339 --> 00:04:43.060 breaking two or three bows that day. 00:04:43.060 --> 00:04:46.939 Whenever a man passed by carrying a quiver of arrows, 00:04:46.939 --> 00:04:48.240 the Prophet would say: 00:04:48.240 --> 00:04:49.759 "Spread them out," 00:04:49.759 --> 00:04:51.000 and in another narration: 00:04:51.000 --> 00:04:53.750 "Scatter them for Abu Talhah." 00:04:53.750 --> 00:04:58.629 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, would look up over the shield to observe the enemy forces, 00:04:58.629 --> 00:05:00.069 and in another narration: 00:05:00.069 --> 00:05:02.990 Abu Talhah was an excellent archer, 00:05:02.990 --> 00:05:04.870 so whenever he shot an arrow, 00:05:04.870 --> 00:05:07.870 the Prophet, peace be upon him, would raise his head to look, 00:05:07.870 --> 00:05:10.810 observing where his arrow landed. 00:05:10.810 --> 00:05:12.769 So Abu Talhah would say: 00:05:12.769 --> 00:05:14.470 "O Prophet of Allah, 00:05:14.470 --> 00:05:16.529 may my father and mother be sacrificed for you! 00:05:16.589 --> 00:05:17.990 Do not look up, 00:05:17.990 --> 00:05:21.310 lest a stray arrow from the enemy strike you. 00:05:21.310 --> 00:05:23.860 My chest is before your chest!" 00:05:23.860 --> 00:05:27.819 And I saw 'A'ishah, daughter of Abu Bakr, and Umm Sulaym, 00:05:27.819 --> 00:05:30.379 with their garments tucked up 00:05:30.379 --> 00:05:32.699 so that the anklets on their shins were visible, 00:05:32.699 --> 00:05:35.720 carrying water-skins swiftly on their backs, 00:05:35.720 --> 00:05:38.660 emptying them into the mouths of the wounded soldiers. 00:05:38.660 --> 00:05:41.579 Then they would return, refill them, 00:05:41.579 --> 00:05:46.100 and come back again to empty them into the mouths of the wounded. 00:05:46.100 --> 00:05:49.040 Indeed, the sword fell from Abu Talhah's hand 00:05:49.040 --> 00:05:53.220 two or three times out of sheer exhaustion. 00:05:53.220 --> 00:05:56.490 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:05:56.490 --> 00:05:58.529 "Shielding him" (*mujawwibun bihi 'alayhi*) 00:05:58.529 --> 00:06:00.810 means protecting and covering him. 00:06:00.810 --> 00:06:01.930 "Leather shield" (*juhfah*) 00:06:01.930 --> 00:06:03.649 means a shield used for protection. 00:06:03.649 --> 00:06:05.290 "Strong bowstring" (*shadid al-qid*) 00:06:05.290 --> 00:06:08.889 means having a tough bowstring that requires great strength to draw and stretch. 00:06:08.889 --> 00:06:10.209 "Quiver" (*ju'bah*) 00:06:10.209 --> 00:06:12.810 is a container used to store arrows. 00:06:12.810 --> 00:06:13.810 "Arrows" (*nabl*) 00:06:13.810 --> 00:06:15.410 refers to arrows used in archery. 00:06:15.410 --> 00:06:16.689 "Spread them" (*anshurha*) 00:06:16.709 --> 00:06:18.470 means scatter them out. 00:06:18.470 --> 00:06:19.550 "Looked up" (*ashrafa*) 00:06:19.550 --> 00:06:21.189 means raised his head to look out. 00:06:21.189 --> 00:06:22.569 "Do not look up" (*la tashrif*) 00:06:22.569 --> 00:06:24.680 means do not expose your head to look. 00:06:24.680 --> 00:06:26.639 "My chest is before your chest" (*nahri duna nahrik*) 00:06:26.639 --> 00:06:27.839 means: 00:06:27.839 --> 00:06:29.639 "I stand directly in front of you 00:06:29.639 --> 00:06:34.970 so that if an arrow comes, it will hit my chest instead of yours." 00:06:34.970 --> 00:06:36.250 "Umm Sulaym" 00:06:36.250 --> 00:06:38.810 is the mother of Anas ibn Malik. 00:06:38.810 --> 00:06:40.610 "Tucked up" (*mushammiratani*) 00:06:40.610 --> 00:06:41.810 refers to tucking up or raising the lower garment above the shins. 00:06:41.810 --> 00:06:44.370 Raising the garment above the shin. 00:06:44.370 --> 00:06:46.050 "Anklets on their shins" (*khadam suqihima*) 00:06:46.069 --> 00:06:47.990 refers to anklets worn around the lower legs. 00:06:47.990 --> 00:06:49.430 "Carrying swiftly" (*tanqizan*) 00:06:49.430 --> 00:06:51.550 *naqz* literally means leaping or jumping, 00:06:51.550 --> 00:06:52.670 and here it means: 00:06:52.670 --> 00:06:55.110 walking very swiftly and briskly. 00:06:55.110 --> 00:06:56.189 "Water-skins" (*qirab*) 00:06:56.189 --> 00:06:58.230 refers to leather vessels used for carrying water. 00:06:58.230 --> 00:06:59.949 "On their backs" (*'ala mutunihima*) 00:06:59.949 --> 00:07:02.189 means upon their backs. 00:07:02.189 --> 00:07:03.430 "Emptying them" (*tufrighanihi*) 00:07:03.430 --> 00:07:05.629 means pouring the water out for them to drink. 00:07:05.629 --> 00:07:09.149 "The sword fell from Abu Talhah's hand" 00:07:09.149 --> 00:07:12.879 occurred due to extreme drowsiness and physical fatigue. 00:07:12.879 --> 00:07:16.709 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:07:16.730 --> 00:07:18.850 From this hadith, it is benefited: 00:07:18.850 --> 00:07:24.769 A demonstration of the bravery and steadfastness of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at the Battle of Uhud. 00:07:24.769 --> 00:07:27.610 The hadith highlights a great virtue of Abu Talhah, 00:07:27.610 --> 00:07:33.709 as he remained firm alongside the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, shielding him with his own life. 00:07:33.709 --> 00:07:38.709 It shows that a fighter should possess a powerful draw in archery 00:07:38.709 --> 00:07:41.589 and strike forcefully in close hand-to-hand combat. 00:07:41.589 --> 00:07:47.290 It illustrates the profound love the Companions had for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:07:47.290 --> 00:07:50.290 It highlights the merit of assisting in military efforts, 00:07:50.290 --> 00:07:54.009 such as preparing weapons for archers and other supporting roles. 00:07:54.009 --> 00:07:57.209 It highlights the virtue of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:07:57.209 --> 00:08:02.259 as well as that of Umm Sulaym, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:08:02.259 --> 00:08:06.899 Chapter: Women carrying water-skins to people during military expeditions. 00:08:06.899 --> 00:08:10.100 On the authority of Tha'labah ibn Abi Malik, who said: 00:08:10.100 --> 00:08:17.399 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, distributed some woven outer garments among the women of Medina, 00:08:17.399 --> 00:08:19.899 and one fine garment remained left over. 00:08:19.899 --> 00:08:22.600 Some of those present with him said: 00:08:22.600 --> 00:08:24.639 "O Commander of the Faithful, 00:08:24.639 --> 00:08:30.060 give this to the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who is with you"— 00:08:30.060 --> 00:08:33.519 referring to Umm Kulthum, the daughter of 'Ali. 00:08:33.519 --> 00:08:35.080 Whereupon 'Umar said: 00:08:35.080 --> 00:08:37.639 "Umm Salit has a greater right to it." 00:08:37.639 --> 00:08:40.639 Umm Salit was among the women of the Ansar 00:08:40.639 --> 00:08:44.940 who had pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:08:44.940 --> 00:08:46.320 'Umar said: 00:08:46.320 --> 00:08:51.519 "She used to carry water-skins for us on the day of Uhud." 00:08:51.519 --> 00:08:55.100 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:08:55.100 --> 00:08:56.580 "Garments" (*murut*) 00:08:56.580 --> 00:08:57.759 A *mirt* is 00:08:57.759 --> 00:09:00.100 a woven sheet made of wool or raw silk, 00:09:00.100 --> 00:09:01.820 wrapped around the body as a lower garment. 00:09:01.820 --> 00:09:03.259 "Who is with you" 00:09:03.259 --> 00:09:04.980 means your wife. 00:09:04.980 --> 00:09:06.100 "Has a greater right" (*ahaqq*) 00:09:06.100 --> 00:09:08.259 means more entitled to receive the gift. 00:09:08.279 --> 00:09:09.279 "Used to carry" (*tazfuru*) 00:09:09.279 --> 00:09:10.759 means used to bear and transport heavy loads. 00:09:10.759 --> 00:09:12.480 Al-Bukhari stated it means: 00:09:12.480 --> 00:09:14.429 she used to sew them. 00:09:14.429 --> 00:09:18.269 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:09:18.269 --> 00:09:20.389 From this hadith, it is benefited: 00:09:20.389 --> 00:09:26.149 The virtue of those who preceded others in embracing Islam, rendering support, and assisting with their wealth and lives. 00:09:26.149 --> 00:09:29.070 The permissibility of offering sound advice or opinions to the ruler, 00:09:29.070 --> 00:09:33.549 which is the duty of ministers, scribes, and sincere advisors. 00:09:33.549 --> 00:09:36.549 A demonstration of the virtue of the women of the Ansar, 00:09:36.570 --> 00:09:42.789 and specifically the virtue of Umm Salit bint 'Ubayd al-Ansariyyah, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:09:42.789 --> 00:09:45.549 In the hadith, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:09:45.549 --> 00:09:49.149 distributed suitable items among the women, 00:09:49.149 --> 00:09:54.870 which indicates the permissibility of women going out to participate in military expeditions. 00:09:54.870 --> 00:09:59.399 Chapter: Women Treating the Wounded on Military Expeditions. 00:09:59.399 --> 00:10:02.720 Narrated Al-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh: 00:10:02.720 --> 00:10:06.840 "We used to participate in military expeditions alongside the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:10:06.840 --> 00:10:09.340 providing water to the men and serving them, 00:10:09.340 --> 00:10:13.279 and bringing the wounded and the slain back to Medina." 00:10:13.279 --> 00:10:14.600 In another narration: 00:10:14.600 --> 00:10:18.990 "And we used to treat the wounded and bring back the slain." 00:10:18.990 --> 00:10:22.440 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:22.440 --> 00:10:23.879 "And serving them" 00:10:23.879 --> 00:10:28.730 refers to providing food and similar permissible services. 00:10:28.730 --> 00:10:32.279 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:10:32.279 --> 00:10:34.320 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:10:34.320 --> 00:10:39.159 It is permissible for a woman to directly practice medicine and provide medical treatment, 00:10:39.159 --> 00:10:43.899 while adhering to Shar'i guidelines and observed etiquettes. 00:10:43.899 --> 00:10:51.139 The hadith also contains an indication that necessities make prohibited things permissible. 00:10:51.139 --> 00:10:54.659 Chapter: Extracting an Arrow from the Body. 00:10:54.659 --> 00:10:56.299 On the authority of Abu Burdah, 00:10:56.299 --> 00:10:59.820 from Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:10:59.820 --> 00:11:04.159 "When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) finished with the Battle of Hunayn, 00:11:04.159 --> 00:11:08.519 he dispatched Abu 'Amir at the head of an army to Awts, 00:11:08.519 --> 00:11:11.120 where he encountered Durayd ibn al-Simmah. 00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:12.620 Durayd was killed, 00:11:12.620 --> 00:11:15.169 and Allah routed his companions." 00:11:15.169 --> 00:11:17.049 Abu Musa said: 00:11:17.049 --> 00:11:19.730 "And he sent me along with Abu 'Amir. 00:11:19.730 --> 00:11:22.570 Abu 'Amir was shot in the knee; 00:11:22.570 --> 00:11:27.250 a man from the Jusham tribe shot him with an arrow that lodged firmly in his knee. 00:11:27.250 --> 00:11:29.649 So I reached him and said, 00:11:29.649 --> 00:11:32.029 'O uncle! Who shot you?' 00:11:32.029 --> 00:11:35.029 He pointed to Abu Musa and said, 00:11:35.029 --> 00:11:38.009 'That is my killer, the one who shot me.' 00:11:38.009 --> 00:11:40.509 So I made for him and caught up with him. 00:11:40.529 --> 00:11:43.049 When he saw me, he turned and fled, 00:11:43.049 --> 00:11:45.970 so I pursued him and kept saying to him, 00:11:45.970 --> 00:11:49.169 'Have you no shame? Will you not stand your ground?' 00:11:49.169 --> 00:11:50.409 So he stopped, 00:11:50.409 --> 00:11:54.169 and we exchanged two sword blows, and I killed him. 00:11:54.169 --> 00:11:56.370 Then I said to Abu 'Amir, 00:11:56.370 --> 00:11:58.769 'Allah has killed your attacker.' 00:11:58.769 --> 00:12:01.889 He said, 'Now extract this arrow.' 00:12:01.889 --> 00:12:05.090 So I pulled it out, and fluid gushed from it. 00:12:05.090 --> 00:12:07.610 He said, 'O nephew! 00:12:07.629 --> 00:12:11.509 Convey greetings of peace to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:12:11.509 --> 00:12:12.649 and say to him: 00:12:12.649 --> 00:12:14.549 "Ask Allah to forgive me."' 00:12:14.549 --> 00:12:17.950 Abu 'Amir appointed me as his successor over the men, 00:12:17.950 --> 00:12:20.909 and he lingered for only a short while before he died. 00:12:20.909 --> 00:12:25.909 I returned and entered upon the Prophet (peace be upon him) in his house, 00:12:25.909 --> 00:12:29.389 sitting on a bed woven with palm-fiber ropes, over which was a mattress. 00:12:29.389 --> 00:12:33.389 The weave of the bed had left marks on his back and sides. 00:12:33.389 --> 00:12:37.029 So I informed him of our news and the news of Abu 'Amir. 00:12:37.029 --> 00:12:38.169 He said: 00:12:38.169 --> 00:12:40.490 'He said to you: "Ask Allah to forgive me"?' 00:12:40.490 --> 00:12:43.029 So he called for water and performed ablution, 00:12:43.029 --> 00:12:45.769 then raised his hands and said: 00:12:45.769 --> 00:12:49.490 'O Allah, forgive 'Ubayd, Abu 'Amir!' 00:12:49.490 --> 00:12:52.129 And I saw the whiteness of his armpits. 00:12:52.129 --> 00:12:53.730 Then he said: 00:12:53.730 --> 00:13:00.090 'O Allah, place him on the Day of Resurrection above many of Your human creation!' 00:13:00.090 --> 00:13:01.169 I said: 00:13:01.169 --> 00:13:03.360 'And for me too—ask Allah for forgiveness!' 00:13:03.360 --> 00:13:04.799 So he said: 00:13:04.799 --> 00:13:08.860 'O Allah, forgive 'Abdullah ibn Qays his sin, 00:13:08.860 --> 00:13:13.159 and admit him on the Day of Resurrection through an honorable entrance!' 00:13:13.159 --> 00:13:14.960 Abu Burdah said: 00:13:14.960 --> 00:13:17.240 'One of those supplications was for Abu 'Amir, 00:13:17.240 --> 00:13:20.669 and the other was for Abu Musa.'" 00:13:20.669 --> 00:13:24.059 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:13:24.059 --> 00:13:25.019 "Finished" 00:13:25.019 --> 00:13:27.299 means concluded and departed. 00:13:27.299 --> 00:13:28.340 "Dispatched" 00:13:28.340 --> 00:13:29.980 means sent. 00:13:29.980 --> 00:13:31.419 "Abu 'Amir" — 00:13:31.419 --> 00:13:33.379 his name was 'Ubayd ibn Wahb, 00:13:33.379 --> 00:13:35.580 though other names have also been stated. 00:13:35.580 --> 00:13:36.759 "Awtas" 00:13:36.759 --> 00:13:39.320 is a valley in the lands of the Hawazin tribe, 00:13:39.320 --> 00:13:42.110 located northeast of Mecca. 00:13:42.110 --> 00:13:43.309 "A Jushami" 00:13:43.309 --> 00:13:45.990 means a man from the Banu Jusham tribe. 00:13:45.990 --> 00:13:48.190 "Lodged firmly in his knee" 00:13:48.190 --> 00:13:52.019 means it struck him and the arrow settled deeply in his knee. 00:13:52.019 --> 00:13:53.539 "So I reached him" 00:13:53.539 --> 00:13:55.379 means I arrived at his side. 00:13:55.379 --> 00:13:56.500 "Turned" 00:13:56.500 --> 00:13:58.620 means turned his back and fled. 00:13:58.620 --> 00:14:00.019 "So I pursued" 00:14:00.019 --> 00:14:03.019 means I followed his tracks to catch up with him. 00:14:03.019 --> 00:14:04.460 "Will you not stand your ground?" — 00:14:04.519 --> 00:14:05.659 the meaning is: 00:14:05.659 --> 00:14:07.960 "Stop and do not flee!" 00:14:07.960 --> 00:14:08.960 "So he stopped" 00:14:08.960 --> 00:14:13.000 means he refrained from fleeing and returned to fight. 00:14:13.000 --> 00:14:15.639 "We exchanged two sword blows" 00:14:15.639 --> 00:14:19.200 means each of them struck the other with the sword. 00:14:19.200 --> 00:14:20.399 "So I extracted it" 00:14:20.399 --> 00:14:23.159 means I pulled it out from his knee. 00:14:23.159 --> 00:14:25.000 "And fluid gushed from it" 00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:27.480 means water or blood spurted out from it. 00:14:27.480 --> 00:14:28.960 "He appointed me as his successor" 00:14:28.960 --> 00:14:32.049 means he placed me in command over them. 00:14:32.049 --> 00:14:33.889 "He lingered for a short while" 00:14:33.909 --> 00:14:37.100 means he remained alive for only a brief period. 00:14:37.100 --> 00:14:39.139 "On a bed woven with ropes" — 00:14:39.139 --> 00:14:41.139 that is, made with woven cords, 00:14:41.139 --> 00:14:45.570 which are the ropes of matting braided to form the bed structure. 00:14:45.570 --> 00:14:47.250 "The weave of the bed" 00:14:47.250 --> 00:14:51.340 refers to that which is woven from date-palm fronds to lie upon. 00:14:51.340 --> 00:14:56.899 "O Allah, place him on the Day of Resurrection above many of Your human creation" 00:14:56.899 --> 00:14:59.830 means in rank and status. 00:14:59.830 --> 00:15:01.629 "An honorable entrance" 00:15:01.629 --> 00:15:03.190 means immense goodness, 00:15:03.210 --> 00:15:04.690 which is Paradise, 00:15:04.690 --> 00:15:07.610 containing that which no eye has seen, 00:15:07.610 --> 00:15:09.450 no ear has heard, 00:15:09.450 --> 00:15:12.840 and no human heart has ever conceived. 00:15:12.840 --> 00:15:16.629 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:15:16.629 --> 00:15:18.669 It is derived from the hadith: 00:15:18.669 --> 00:15:21.830 The virtue of jihad in the cause of Allah Almighty, 00:15:21.830 --> 00:15:24.549 and the dispatching of military detachments for that purpose. 00:15:24.549 --> 00:15:29.110 The hadith also contains an indication condemning cowardice and fleeing from the enemy, 00:15:29.110 --> 00:15:30.990 while praising steadfastness. 00:15:31.049 --> 00:15:36.139 It demonstrates the permissibility of appointing a successor over the army if its commander is wounded. 00:15:36.139 --> 00:15:39.379 It demonstrates the permissibility of raising the hands in supplication, 00:15:39.379 --> 00:15:43.139 with the exception of the Friday sermon supplication. 00:15:43.139 --> 00:15:48.220 It indicates the recommendation that a person supplicates while in a state of complete ritual purity. 00:15:48.220 --> 00:15:53.100 It highlights the virtue of Abu 'Amir and Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with both of them). 00:15:53.100 --> 00:15:57.379 It demonstrates the permissibility of asking a righteous person to offer supplication. 00:15:57.399 --> 00:16:04.669 The hadith illustrates that people vary in their ranks in Paradise. 00:16:04.669 --> 00:16:08.990 Chapter: Guard Duty during Military Expeditions in the Cause of Allah. 00:16:08.990 --> 00:16:12.509 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:16:12.509 --> 00:16:16.389 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) remained awake one night, 00:16:16.389 --> 00:16:18.590 and when he arrived in Medina, 00:16:18.590 --> 00:16:19.730 he said: 00:16:19.730 --> 00:16:24.480 'If only a righteous man from my Companions would guard me tonight!' 00:16:24.480 --> 00:16:27.039 Suddenly we heard the clanking of weapons, 00:16:27.039 --> 00:16:28.240 so he said: 00:16:28.240 --> 00:16:29.840 'Who is this?' 00:16:29.840 --> 00:16:31.100 He replied: 00:16:31.100 --> 00:16:33.580 'I am Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas; 00:16:33.580 --> 00:16:35.659 I have come to guard you.' 00:16:35.659 --> 00:16:40.509 Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) slept." 00:16:40.509 --> 00:16:44.029 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:44.029 --> 00:16:45.309 "Guard me" 00:16:45.309 --> 00:16:47.070 means protect me. 00:16:47.070 --> 00:16:48.590 "The clanking of weapons" 00:16:48.590 --> 00:16:53.710 refers to the sound produced when iron strikes against iron. 00:16:53.710 --> 00:16:57.370 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:16:57.370 --> 00:16:59.389 It is derived from the hadith: 00:17:00.389 --> 00:17:06.730 The hadith indicates that people should guard their leader out of fear of assassination. 00:17:06.730 --> 00:17:12.349 It shows the permissibility of praising one who volunteers for good deeds and describing him as righteous, 00:17:12.349 --> 00:17:14.910 provided there is no fear of vanity or temptation for him. 00:17:14.910 --> 00:17:20.319 It demonstrates that relying on Allah (tawakkul) does not contradict taking the prescribed material means. 00:17:20.319 --> 00:17:22.079 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:17:22.079 --> 00:17:27.799 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:17:27.799 --> 00:17:29.220 In a narration: 00:17:29.220 --> 00:17:30.859 "...and the slave of the plush velvet garment, 00:17:30.859 --> 00:17:32.900 and the slave of the fine embroidered cloak; 00:17:32.900 --> 00:17:34.740 if he is given, he is pleased, 00:17:34.740 --> 00:17:37.099 and if he is not given, he is discontented." 00:17:37.099 --> 00:17:38.539 In a narration: 00:17:38.539 --> 00:17:40.140 "He is not pleased. 00:17:40.140 --> 00:17:42.059 May he be wretched and suffer a relapse, 00:17:42.059 --> 00:17:44.700 and if he is pricked by a thorn, may he find no one to extract it! 00:17:44.700 --> 00:17:49.619 Glad tidings of Paradise to a servant who holds the reins of his horse in the cause of Allah, 00:17:49.619 --> 00:17:51.410 with his hair unkempt 00:17:51.410 --> 00:17:53.490 and his feet covered in dust; 00:17:53.490 --> 00:17:56.869 if he is assigned to guard duty, he remains steadfast in guard duty, 00:17:56.869 --> 00:18:00.509 and if he is assigned to the rear guard, he remains steadfast in the rear guard. 00:18:00.509 --> 00:18:02.950 If he asks for permission, he is not granted permission, 00:18:02.950 --> 00:18:05.769 and if he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted." 00:18:05.769 --> 00:18:08.910 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:18:08.910 --> 00:18:13.359 "May he be wretched" means may he stumble and fall on his face. 00:18:13.359 --> 00:18:14.799 "The fine embroidered cloak" (al-khamisah) 00:18:14.799 --> 00:18:19.019 is a black, square garment made of silk or wool with decorative borders. 00:18:19.019 --> 00:18:21.049 "If he is given, he is pleased" 00:18:21.069 --> 00:18:22.109 "The fine embroidered cloak" 00:18:22.109 --> 00:18:25.950 is a black, square garment with decorative markings. 00:18:25.950 --> 00:18:27.230 "Suffer a relapse" 00:18:27.230 --> 00:18:29.549 means may he fall upside down on his head. 00:18:29.549 --> 00:18:30.509 "Is pricked by a thorn" 00:18:30.509 --> 00:18:32.869 means a thorn pierces him. 00:18:32.869 --> 00:18:34.349 "May he find no one to extract it" 00:18:34.349 --> 00:18:38.390 means he is unable to remove it even with tweezers. 00:18:38.390 --> 00:18:39.470 "Glad tidings" (Tuba) 00:18:39.470 --> 00:18:40.910 is a name for Paradise, 00:18:40.910 --> 00:18:43.819 and it is also said to be a tree therein. 00:18:43.819 --> 00:18:44.859 "Holding" 00:18:44.859 --> 00:18:46.420 means grasping firmly. 00:18:46.420 --> 00:18:48.140 "The reins of his horse" 00:18:48.140 --> 00:18:49.980 refers to its bridle. 00:18:49.980 --> 00:18:51.519 "His hair unkempt" 00:18:51.519 --> 00:18:54.680 means he has no one to comb or groom his hair. 00:18:54.680 --> 00:18:56.640 "His feet covered in dust" 00:18:56.640 --> 00:18:59.039 means walking barefoot or heavily covered in dust. 00:18:59.039 --> 00:19:00.279 The rear guard, 00:19:00.279 --> 00:19:03.079 meaning the rearmost part of the army. 00:19:03.079 --> 00:19:06.720 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:19:06.720 --> 00:19:08.799 From this hadith, it is derived: 00:19:08.799 --> 00:19:11.079 A warning against eager pursuit of worldly gain, 00:19:11.079 --> 00:19:14.279 and a condemnation of enduring humiliation for its sake. 00:19:14.279 --> 00:19:19.480 The hadith also contains an indication of the virtue of keeping horses ready for the cause of Allah. 00:19:19.500 --> 00:19:24.380 It contains a clarification of the virtue of struggle and standing guard on the frontlines for the cause of Allah. 00:19:24.380 --> 00:19:29.990 It also shows that whoever craves worldly gains and strives solely for them becomes their slave. 00:19:29.990 --> 00:19:35.299 In the hadith is an indication of the virtue of interceding in worldly matters. 00:19:35.299 --> 00:19:41.890 It also contains an indication of the virtue of contentment and restraint. 00:19:41.890 --> 00:19:45.319 Chapter: The Virtue of Serving Others During a Military Expedition. 00:19:45.319 --> 00:19:49.140 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:19:49.140 --> 00:19:51.720 "I accompanied Jarir ibn 'Abdillah, 00:19:51.740 --> 00:19:55.579 and he used to serve me, even though he was older than Anas." 00:19:55.579 --> 00:19:57.019 Jarir said: 00:19:57.019 --> 00:20:00.619 "Indeed, I saw the Ansar do something, 00:20:00.619 --> 00:20:04.460 so I resolved never to meet any one of them without honoring him." 00:20:04.460 --> 00:20:08.019 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:08.019 --> 00:20:10.599 "They do something," 00:20:10.599 --> 00:20:15.680 meaning their exemplary service to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:20:15.680 --> 00:20:19.400 and their utmost reverence for him. 00:20:19.400 --> 00:20:23.170 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:20:23.430 --> 00:20:25.430 From this hadith, it is derived: 00:20:25.430 --> 00:20:28.950 A statement of the virtue of the Ansar (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:20:28.950 --> 00:20:33.390 It also contains an indication of the virtue of Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) and his humility, 00:20:33.390 --> 00:20:40.220 as well as his deep love for the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:20:40.220 --> 00:20:43.380 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:20:43.380 --> 00:20:47.019 "We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:20:47.019 --> 00:20:51.359 and the most shaded among us was the one who used his cloak for shade. 00:20:51.460 --> 00:20:55.099 As for those who were fasting, they accomplished no work; 00:20:55.099 --> 00:21:00.460 whereas those who had broken their fast dispatched the riding camels, labored hard, and managed the chores. 00:21:00.460 --> 00:21:03.900 Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:21:03.900 --> 00:21:07.960 'Today, those who broke their fast have taken away the reward.'" 00:21:07.960 --> 00:21:11.190 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:11.190 --> 00:21:13.289 "Used his cloak for shade," 00:21:13.289 --> 00:21:16.910 meaning that they had no tents. 00:21:16.910 --> 00:21:18.710 "Dispatched the riding camels," 00:21:18.710 --> 00:21:21.990 meaning they sent the camels to the water to be watered. 00:21:22.009 --> 00:21:24.970 "And labored hard," meaning they served others. 00:21:24.970 --> 00:21:29.890 "And managed the chores," meaning they took charge of cooking and fetching water. 00:21:29.890 --> 00:21:32.730 "Today, those who broke their fast have taken away the reward," 00:21:32.730 --> 00:21:36.000 meaning the most complete and abundant reward. 00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:39.569 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:21:39.569 --> 00:21:44.650 In the hadith, the reward for serving others during an expedition is greater than the reward for fasting. 00:21:44.650 --> 00:21:48.769 It includes a statement on the virtue of mutual cooperation during jihad and other endeavors. 00:21:48.769 --> 00:21:52.910 It demonstrates that serving the fighters while encamped and while traveling 00:21:52.910 --> 00:21:56.240 is a duty upon all fighters. 00:21:56.240 --> 00:22:00.099 It shows the permissibility of a man serving his peer. 00:22:00.099 --> 00:22:07.440 The hadith also indicates that breaking one's fast during travel for jihad is preferable. 00:22:07.440 --> 00:22:12.529 Chapter: Seeking Assistance Through the Weak and Righteous in War. 00:22:12.529 --> 00:22:15.130 On the authority of Mus'ab ibn Sa'd, who said: 00:22:15.130 --> 00:22:20.130 "Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) considered himself superior to those below him in rank. 00:22:20.130 --> 00:22:23.529 So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:22:23.529 --> 00:22:28.720 'Are you given victory and provided for except through your weak ones?'" 00:22:28.720 --> 00:22:31.720 Commentary on the hadith: 00:22:31.720 --> 00:22:33.920 "He also considered..." 00:22:33.920 --> 00:22:38.019 Sa'd is Ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:22:38.019 --> 00:22:42.720 "...that he had a superiority over those below him," meaning among the Companions. 00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:46.700 "Are you given victory and provided for except through your weak ones?" 00:22:46.700 --> 00:22:51.700 meaning that Allah grants victory to this Ummah through the weak and poor, 00:22:51.700 --> 00:22:55.599 by virtue of their supplications, prayers, and sincerity. 00:22:55.599 --> 00:22:59.160 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:22:59.160 --> 00:23:01.160 From this hadith, it is derived: 00:23:01.160 --> 00:23:05.059 Encouragement toward humility and the abandonment of pride and arrogance. 00:23:05.059 --> 00:23:11.839 The hadith is proof for those who advocate the superiority of poverty over wealth. 00:23:11.839 --> 00:23:16.019 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdillah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:23:16.519 --> 00:23:20.680 Abu Sa'id al-Khudri related to us that he said: 00:23:20.680 --> 00:23:24.920 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:23:24.920 --> 00:23:29.420 "A time will come upon the people when a group of men will launch a military campaign, 00:23:29.420 --> 00:23:31.059 and it will be asked: 00:23:31.059 --> 00:23:35.539 'Is there among you anyone who accompanied the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)?' 00:23:35.539 --> 00:23:37.640 They will say, 'Yes,' 00:23:37.640 --> 00:23:39.799 and victory will be granted to them. 00:23:39.799 --> 00:23:44.920 Then a time will come upon the people when a group of men will launch a military campaign, 00:23:44.920 --> 00:23:45.940 and it will be asked: 00:23:45.940 --> 00:23:49.940 'Is there among you anyone who accompanied the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)?' 00:23:49.940 --> 00:23:51.940 They will say, 'Yes,' 00:23:51.940 --> 00:23:53.940 and victory will be granted to them. 00:23:53.940 --> 00:23:55.940 Then a time will come upon the people 00:23:55.940 --> 00:23:58.940 when a group of men will launch a military campaign, 00:23:58.940 --> 00:24:01.940 and it will be asked: 'Is there among you anyone who accompanied 00:24:01.940 --> 00:24:06.940 those who accompanied the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)?' 00:24:06.940 --> 00:24:08.940 They will say, 'Yes,' 00:24:08.940 --> 00:24:11.710 and victory will be granted to them." 00:24:11.710 --> 00:24:15.099 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:15.099 --> 00:24:21.099 "A group," meaning a company of people; "and victory will be granted to them," meaning they will be triumphant. 00:24:21.099 --> 00:24:27.099 "Anyone who accompanied the Companions of the Messenger of Allah," refers to the Tabi'un. 00:24:27.099 --> 00:24:36.420 "Anyone who accompanied those who accompanied the Companions of the Messenger of Allah," refers to the followers of the Tabi'un. 00:24:36.420 --> 00:24:40.119 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:24:40.119 --> 00:24:43.119 The hadith is among the signs of prophethood. 00:24:43.119 --> 00:24:48.119 It contains a clarification of the virtue of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and the excellence of their generation. 00:24:48.119 --> 00:24:52.119 The hadith also highlights the excellence of the early generations. 00:24:52.119 --> 00:24:59.819 Furthermore, it contains an indication that jihad will continue until the establishment of the Hour. 00:24:59.819 --> 00:25:03.390 Chapter: One Should Not Say, "So-and-So Is a Martyr." 00:25:03.390 --> 00:25:07.390 On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:25:07.390 --> 00:25:13.390 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met the polytheists in battle, and they fought fiercely. 00:25:13.390 --> 00:25:18.390 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) inclined back to his camp 00:25:18.390 --> 00:25:21.390 and the others inclined back to their camp, 00:25:21.390 --> 00:25:26.390 there was a man among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah 00:25:26.390 --> 00:25:29.390 who did not leave off any straggler or isolated enemy 00:25:29.390 --> 00:25:32.390 except that he pursued and struck him down with his sword. 00:25:32.390 --> 00:25:38.390 The people said, "None of us has availed today as so-and-so has availed." 00:25:38.390 --> 00:25:45.460 Whereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "As for him, he is indeed among the people of the Fire." 00:25:45.460 --> 00:25:53.680 In a narration: "Whoever would be pleased to look at a man from the people of the Fire, let him look at this man." 00:25:53.680 --> 00:26:01.680 And in another narration: They said, "Which of us is among the people of Paradise if this man is among the people of the Fire?" 00:26:01.680 --> 00:26:05.839 A man from among the people said, "I am his constant companion." 00:26:05.839 --> 00:26:10.839 He said: "So he went out with him; whenever he stopped, he stopped with him, 00:26:10.839 --> 00:26:13.839 and whenever he hurried, he hurried with him." 00:26:13.839 --> 00:26:17.900 He said: "Then the man was severely wounded, 00:26:17.900 --> 00:26:24.900 so he sought to hasten death. He placed the hilt of his sword on the ground and its blade tip between his breasts, 00:26:24.900 --> 00:26:28.900 then leaned his weight upon his sword and killed himself." 00:26:28.900 --> 00:26:32.970 Thereupon the man went out to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:26:32.970 --> 00:26:36.970 and said, "I bear witness that you are indeed the Messenger of Allah!" 00:26:36.970 --> 00:26:39.970 He asked, "And why is that?" 00:26:39.970 --> 00:26:46.970 The man replied, "Regarding the man you mentioned earlier as being among the people of the Fire, which the people found hard to fathom— 00:26:46.970 --> 00:26:49.970 I said to them, 'I will keep track of him for you.' 00:26:49.970 --> 00:26:51.970 So I went out in search of him. 00:26:51.970 --> 00:26:54.970 Then he was severely wounded, 00:26:54.970 --> 00:26:56.970 and he sought to hasten death. 00:26:56.970 --> 00:27:00.970 He placed the hilt of his sword on the ground and its blade tip between his breasts, 00:27:00.970 --> 00:27:03.970 then leaned his weight upon it and killed himself." 00:27:03.970 --> 00:27:09.029 At that point, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:27:09.029 --> 00:27:16.029 "A man may perform the deeds of the people of Paradise according to what appears to people, yet he is among the people of the Fire; 00:27:16.029 --> 00:27:24.059 and a man may perform the deeds of the people of the Fire according to what appears to people, yet he is among the people of Paradise." 00:27:24.059 --> 00:27:26.220 In a narration: 00:27:26.220 --> 00:27:29.220 "Indeed, deeds are judged only by their final outcomes." 00:27:29.220 --> 00:27:32.539 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:32.539 --> 00:27:36.769 "Met in battle"—this took place during the Expedition of Khaybar. 00:27:36.769 --> 00:27:40.769 "Inclined," meaning returned after finishing the fight. 00:27:40.769 --> 00:27:43.769 "A man"—his name was Quzman. 00:27:43.769 --> 00:27:46.769 "Who did not leave off any straggler or isolated enemy..." 00:27:46.769 --> 00:27:51.769 A "straggler" refers to one who was part of the group and then strayed from them, 00:27:51.769 --> 00:27:55.769 while an "isolated enemy" refers to one who did not mix with them in the first place. 00:27:55.769 --> 00:28:00.769 Thus he described him as leaving nothing unharmed that he came across. 00:28:00.769 --> 00:28:04.930 "Availed," meaning satisfied or accomplished the need. 00:28:04.930 --> 00:28:07.960 "I am his constant companion," meaning I shall not part from him, 00:28:07.960 --> 00:28:11.960 but will follow his affair to learn his condition and ultimate fate. 00:28:11.960 --> 00:28:17.960 "So he went out with him," meaning he tracked him and did not separate from him. 00:28:17.960 --> 00:28:21.960 "Its blade tip," meaning the sharp end used for striking. 00:28:21.960 --> 00:28:24.960 "Between his breasts," meaning in his chest, 00:28:24.960 --> 00:28:27.960 such that it struck a mortal spot. 00:28:27.960 --> 00:28:31.960 "Leaned his weight," meaning leaned over. "And why is that?" 00:28:31.960 --> 00:28:33.960 meaning what happened regarding him? 00:28:33.960 --> 00:28:37.960 "Earlier," meaning a short while ago. 00:28:37.960 --> 00:28:39.990 "The people found hard to fathom," 00:28:39.990 --> 00:28:42.990 meaning they deemed it grave and disapproved of the statement, 00:28:42.990 --> 00:28:45.990 because of what they had witnessed of his intense fighting. 00:28:45.990 --> 00:28:50.119 "I will keep track of him for you," meaning I will bring you news of him. 00:28:50.119 --> 00:28:53.119 "So he sought to hasten death," meaning: 00:28:53.119 --> 00:28:55.119 had he remained patient and sought reward, 00:28:55.119 --> 00:28:58.119 he would have met Allah as a martyr. 00:28:58.119 --> 00:29:00.220 "Deeds of the people of Paradise," 00:29:00.220 --> 00:29:04.220 meaning performing acts of obedience and avoiding sins. 00:29:04.220 --> 00:29:07.220 "According to what appears," meaning outward appearances. 00:29:07.220 --> 00:29:09.220 "Deeds of the people of the Fire," 00:29:09.220 --> 00:29:13.220 meaning committing sins and abandoning commanded duties. 00:29:13.220 --> 00:29:17.180 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:29:17.180 --> 00:29:20.210 The hadith is among the signs of prophethood. 00:29:20.210 --> 00:29:22.210 It shows that witnessing divine signs 00:29:22.210 --> 00:29:26.210 brings additional reassurance to the hearts of the believers. 00:29:26.210 --> 00:29:30.210 Do you not see that when the man saw that he killed himself, 00:29:30.210 --> 00:29:34.210 he said upon informing the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:29:34.210 --> 00:29:37.269 "I bear witness that you are indeed the Messenger of Allah"? 00:29:37.269 --> 00:29:41.269 It shows that judgment depends on final outcomes and intentions. 00:29:41.269 --> 00:29:45.269 It demonstrates that Allah may support His religion even through a wicked man. 00:29:45.269 --> 00:29:49.269 It shows that one must not testify for anyone specifically as being in Paradise or the Fire, 00:29:49.269 --> 00:29:52.269 except those explicitly declared so by the sacred texts. 00:29:52.269 --> 00:29:56.269 The hadith is decisive proof against the Qadariyyah regarding their claim 00:29:56.269 --> 00:30:01.269 that man possesses ultimate control over himself and independently chooses good and evil for himself. 00:30:01.269 --> 00:30:06.299 It contains evidence permitting hyperbole and emphasis in speech, 00:30:06.299 --> 00:30:10.299 and using general terms to denote the majority or prevailing state. 00:30:10.299 --> 00:30:14.299 It clarifies the virtue of patience during decrees of hardship and bodily pain. 00:30:14.299 --> 00:30:17.299 The hadith establishes the prohibition of suicide 00:30:17.299 --> 00:30:20.299 and the killing of an inviolable soul except by right. 00:30:20.299 --> 00:30:24.299 It shows the danger of being deceived by attractive outward appearances, 00:30:24.299 --> 00:30:26.299 emphasizing instead the care of the inner state. 00:30:26.299 --> 00:30:30.299 It shows that the hearts of the righteous are attached to final outcomes, 00:30:30.299 --> 00:30:33.299 asking: "How will our lives be sealed?" 00:30:33.299 --> 00:30:37.299 While the hearts of those brought near are attached to divine precedence, 00:30:37.299 --> 00:30:40.299 asking: "What has already been decreed for us?" 00:30:40.299 --> 00:30:44.299 The hadith contains an indication that an evil end 00:30:44.299 --> 00:30:47.299 stems from an underlying hidden flaw in the servant 00:30:47.299 --> 00:30:50.299 that is unseen by people.