In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation
It was summarized by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari
Surat Al-Tawbah
A disavowal from God and His Messenger to those polytheists with whom you have made a covenant
This is a disavowal from God and His Messenger to those of the polytheists who made a covenant with the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace
Those who broke their covenant before its term expired
As for those who did not break their covenant and did not support it
So God commanded that the covenant between Him and them be fulfilled for its duration
They roamed the earth for four months and learned that you are not a miracle of God
And God disgraces the unbelievers
They walked the earth in safety from the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his followers for four months
And know, O polytheists, that you wandered in the land and chose that despite your disbelief in God
Do not give him yourselves, because wherever you go, you are under his control and authority
They knew that God humiliates the unbelievers and gives them shame in this world and hell in the afterlife
A call to prayer from God and His Messenger to the people on the day of the Greater Hajj
God and His Messenger are innocent of the polytheists
If you repent, it will be better for you, but if you turn away, then know that you are not a miracle of God
And those who denounced were given good tidings of a painful punishment
And information from God and His Messenger to the people on the day of the Greater Hajj
It is the day of sacrifice
God and His Messenger are free from the covenant of the polytheists after this argument
If you repent of your disbelief, O polytheists, and return to the monotheism of God
That is better for you than abiding by polytheism
And if you turn away from believing in God and refuse except to abide by your polytheism
So be certain that you will not fulfill God’s will with yourselves
Know, O Muhammad, those who denied your prophecy about the painful torment that will befall them
Except those of the polytheists with whom you made a covenant, and then they did not diminish you in anything
They did not support anyone against you, so they fulfilled their covenant with them for a period of time
God loves the righteous
Except from the covenant of those with whom you made a covenant among the polytheists, O believers
Then they did not detract from your covenant
They did not support any of your enemies against you
They help them with themselves and their bodies
So fulfill their promise that you made with them
Do not wage war against them until the end of their reign
God loves those who fear Him by obeying Him
By performing His duties and avoiding His sins
When the sacred months have passed, kill the polytheists wherever you find them
They took them, besieged them, and sat down for them as ambush
If they repent, perform prayer, and pay zakat, then let them go
God is Forgiving and Merciful
If the remaining three sacred months have passed
It is Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram
About those who do not have a covenant or those who had a covenant and broke their covenant
Or their covenant was for an unknown period
So kill the polytheists wherever you find them on earth
In the sanctuary and non-sanctuary, in the sacred months and other months
They captured them and prevented them from acting in Islamic countries and entering Mecca
They approached them with demands to kill or capture them in every possible way
If they return from polytheism to God, to monotheism of God
They performed what God imposed on them of prayer
They gave zakat on their money to its owners
So let them dispose of your lands and enter the Sacred House
God is Forgiving to those of His servants who repent
He is merciful to him by punishing him for his past sins before his repentance
And if one of the polytheists seeks your protection
So reward him so that he can hear the word of God
Then inform him of his safety
That is because they are a people who do not know
And where did anyone protect you, O Muhammad, from the polytheists?
To hear the word of God from you
Make him feel safe so that he can hear the word of God and have it recited to him
Then he returned him after hearing the word of God, if he refused to accept Islam
To where he is safe
Until he catches up with him
Do it to them
Because they are ignorant people who do not understand any proof from God
They do not know what they would have by believing in God if they had believed
And there is no burden and sin on them for abandoning faith in God
How can the polytheists have a covenant with God and His Messenger?
Except for those with whom you made a pact at the Sacred Mosque
As long as they are upright towards you, be upright towards them
God loves the righteous
O believers, the polytheists with their Lord have a covenant of obligation with God and with His Messenger
It will be paid to them and they will be left for his sake, Amen, to act in the country
Except for those who gave the covenant at the Sacred Mosque
Whoever stayed in his covenant
There was no question of annulling what was between the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace
And between the Quraysh on the day of Hudaybiyyah
As long as they are upright towards you, be upright towards them
God loves those who fear God and observe Him in performing His duties and refrain from disobeying Him
And he left betrayal of his covenants to those with whom he made a covenant
How can it be that even if they prevail over you, they will not monitor you except without any obligation?
They please you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse, and most of them are transgressors
How can it have the polytheists who broke their covenant, the covenant of dhimma?
And if they defeat you, they will not expect any covenant with God or any covenant with you
They give you words with their tongues that are contrary to what they harbor in their souls of hostility
Their hearts refuse to submit to them, and most of them oppose your covenant and break it
They disbelieve in their Lord and disobey Him
They bought the verses of God for a small price, but were turned away from His path. Indeed, evil was what they were doing
These polytheists were blamed for not following the proofs that God used against them
A small compensation for the worldly goods, so they prevented people from entering Islam
They tried to turn the Muslims away from their religion. The work they were doing was bad
From their purchase of disbelief in faith and misguidance in guidance
They do not watch over a believer unless he has no obligation, and it is those who are the aggressors
These polytheists do not fear God, kinship, covenant, or covenant in killing a believer if they are able to do so
And those are the ones among you who transgress into what is not theirs through injustice and transgression
If they repent, perform prayer, and pay zakat, then they are your brothers in religion
And We detail the verses for a people who know
If these polytheists return to faith in God and His Messenger
They performed the prescribed prayers within their limits and paid the obligatory zakat due to them
They are your brothers in Islam
We explain God’s arguments and evidence for His creation to a people who know what We have made clear to them
Without the ignorant who do not understand God’s explanation and decisive signs
And if they weaken their oaths after their covenant and challenge your religion, then fight the imams of disbelief. They have no oaths, perhaps they will desist.
If these polytheists fulfill their covenants after they made a pact with you, that they will not fight you nor support any of your enemies against you.
They have slandered Islam in your religion, so fight the leaders of disbelief in God. Indeed, the leaders of disbelief do not have a covenant with them so that they can stop criticizing your religion and demonstrating against you.
Do you not fight a people who broke their oaths and intended to expel the Messenger, even though they attacked you the first time? Do you fear them? For God is more deserving of you fearing Him if you are believers.
O believers, do you not fight these polytheists who broke the covenant between you and them and intended to expel the Messenger from among them, so they expelled him?
They first started fighting against you on the day of Badr, and it was said that their fighting was the allies of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, from Khuza’ah. Do you fear them and abandon fighting them? God is more worthy of you to fear His punishment for abandoning their jihad, if you acknowledge that the fear of God for you is more important than the fear of these polytheists.
Fight them, God will punish them at your hands, disgrace them, grant you victory over them, grant you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people.
Fight, O believers in God and His Messenger, these polytheists. God will kill them with your hands, and humiliate them through captivity and oppression, and grant you victory over them, and heal the disease of the hearts of a people who believe in God and His Messenger, by killing these polytheists with your hands.
And that disease is what was in their hearts against them because of the harm and hate they used to inflict on them
The anger of their hearts will go away, and God will turn to whom He wills, and God is All-Knowing, All-Wise
And the sorrow and anguish of the hearts of these people of believers goes away over these people who broke their oaths from the polytheists, and the grief and anguish that they feel for them goes away.
God grants favor to whomever He wishes from among His unbelieving servants, and He brings them to repentance by granting Him success
And God is All-Knowing of the secrets of His servants, All-Wise in guiding His servants from a state of disbelief to a state of faith, and from a state of faith to disbelief.
Or did you think that you would be left without God knowing those of you who have striven and have not taken anyone other than God, nor His Messenger, nor the believers as a refuge? And God is aware of what you do.
Or did you think, O believers, that God would leave you without a test?
He will be known to the people of his state, those of you who struggle in his cause
Those who were not taken apart from God, nor before His Messenger, nor before the believers
A group of polytheists revealing their secrets to them
God is experienced in your deeds
May God reward you for that
It is not for the polytheists to inhabit the mosques of God, witnessing against themselves disbelief
Those whose deeds have become worthless, and in the Fire they will abide forever
Those bear witness to their disbelief
Those whose wages were nullified
And in Hell they will remain forever, neither alive nor dead
The mosques of God are inhabited only by those who believe in God and the Last Day
He performed prayer and paid zakat, and he feared no one but God
Perhaps those will be among those who are guided
He only maintains the mosques of God by believing in the oneness of God
He believes in God resurrecting the dead on the Day of Resurrection
He performed the prescribed prayers within its limits and paid the obligatory zakat
He did not fear the punishment of anything for his disobedience except God
It is appropriate for those to be with God among those whom God has guided to the truth and doing what is right
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation