WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:07.629 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:07.629 --> 00:00:12.859 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.859 --> 00:00:15.980 Surah al-Tawbah. 00:00:15.980 --> 00:00:28.839 “Freedom from obligation (is proclaimed) from Allah and His messenger toward those of the idolaters with whom ye made a treaty.” (9:1) 00:00:28.839 --> 00:00:37.670 This is a declaration of disavowal from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had made a treaty. 00:00:37.670 --> 00:00:41.670 Those who violated their treaty before its term had expired. 00:00:41.670 --> 00:00:46.829 As for those who did not violate their treaty and did not support anyone against you, 00:00:46.829 --> 00:00:51.829 Allah commanded that the treaty between Him and them be fulfilled until its term. 00:00:51.829 --> 00:01:07.659 So travel freely throughout the land for four months, and know that you cannot escape Allah. 00:01:07.659 --> 00:01:12.659 “Travel freely in the land four months, and know that ye cannot escape Allah and that Allah will confound the disbelievers (in His Guidance).” (9:2) 00:01:12.659 --> 00:01:21.500 So travel throughout the land, safe from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his followers for four months. 00:01:21.500 --> 00:01:27.500 And know, O polytheists, that if you travel through the land and choose that while persisting in your disbelief in Allah, 00:01:27.500 --> 00:01:35.530 You will not be able to escape Him, for wherever you go, you are within His grasp and authority. 00:01:35.530 --> 00:01:44.359 And know that Allah will humiliate the disbelievers and bequeath them shame in this world and the Fire in the Hereafter. 00:01:44.359 --> 00:01:52.359 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3) 00:01:52.359 --> 00:02:03.519 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3) 00:02:03.519 --> 00:02:16.520 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3) 00:02:16.520 --> 00:02:22.520 And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment. 00:02:22.520 --> 00:02:28.319 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3) 00:02:28.319 --> 00:02:30.319 This refers to the Day of Sacrifice. 00:02:30.319 --> 00:02:36.319 That Allah and His Messenger are free from any treaty with the polytheists after this pilgrimage. 00:02:36.319 --> 00:02:42.319 If you repent from your disbelief, O polytheists, and return to the oneness of Allah, 00:02:42.319 --> 00:02:46.319 That is better for you than persisting in polytheism. 00:02:46.319 --> 00:02:52.319 But if you turn away from faith in Allah and refuse to do anything but persist in your polytheism, 00:02:52.319 --> 00:02:57.319 Then be certain that you cannot escape Allah. 00:02:57.319 --> 00:03:05.340 And inform, O Muhammad, those who denied your prophethood of a painful punishment that will befall them. 00:03:05.340 --> 00:03:20.340 “Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4) 00:03:20.340 --> 00:03:34.340 “Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4) 00:03:34.340 --> 00:03:40.340 Indeed, Allah loves the righteous. 00:03:40.340 --> 00:03:46.430 Except for those polytheists with whom you made a treaty, O believers, 00:03:46.430 --> 00:03:50.430 And who did not fail you in anything regarding your treaty, 00:03:50.430 --> 00:03:53.430 Nor did they support anyone against you from among your enemies, 00:03:53.430 --> 00:03:56.430 By aiding them with their own selves and bodies. 00:03:56.430 --> 00:04:00.430 So fulfill your treaty with them to the term you agreed upon. 00:04:00.430 --> 00:04:05.430 And do not wage war against them until the expiration of their treaty term. 00:04:05.430 --> 00:04:09.430 Indeed, Allah loves those who fear Him through obedience to Him, 00:04:09.430 --> 00:04:13.430 By performing His obligatory duties and avoiding His prohibitions. 00:04:13.430 --> 00:04:26.069 “Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5) 00:04:26.069 --> 00:04:32.069 And seize them, besiege them, and lie in wait for them in every place of ambush. 00:04:32.069 --> 00:04:40.069 “Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5) 00:04:40.069 --> 00:04:45.069 Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. 00:04:45.069 --> 00:04:50.100 Then, when the remaining three sacred months have passed, 00:04:50.100 --> 00:04:54.100 Which are Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and al-Muharram, 00:04:54.100 --> 00:05:00.100 Regarding those who have no treaty, or those who had a treaty but violated it, 00:05:00.100 --> 00:05:04.100 Or whose treaty was for an unspecified term, 00:05:04.100 --> 00:05:08.100 Then kill the polytheists wherever you find them on earth, 00:05:08.100 --> 00:05:13.100 Whether in the sacred territory or outside it, and during the sacred months or otherwise. 00:05:13.100 --> 00:05:19.100 Take them captive, and prevent them from moving freely in the lands of Islam or entering Makkah. 00:05:19.100 --> 00:05:25.100 And lie in wait for them at every path and observation point to kill or capture them. 00:05:25.100 --> 00:05:29.100 But if they turn away from polytheism toward the oneness of Allah, 00:05:29.100 --> 00:05:32.100 And perform what Allah has obligated upon them of prayer, 00:05:32.100 --> 00:05:36.100 And give the zakat from their wealth to those entitled to it, 00:05:36.100 --> 00:05:42.100 Then let them move freely in your lands and enter the Sacred House. 00:05:42.100 --> 00:05:45.100 Indeed, Allah is Forgiving to those of His servants who repent, 00:05:45.100 --> 00:05:51.100 And Merciful to them, in that He will not punish them for their past sins before their repentance. 00:05:51.100 --> 00:05:56.930 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6) 00:05:56.930 --> 00:06:05.930 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6) 00:06:05.930 --> 00:06:09.930 Then escort him to his place of safety. 00:06:09.930 --> 00:06:17.759 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6) 00:06:17.759 --> 00:06:21.759 And if anyone among the polytheists seeks your protection, O Muhammad, 00:06:21.759 --> 00:06:23.759 In order to hear the word of Allah from you, 00:06:23.759 --> 00:06:28.759 Then grant him protection until he hears the word of Allah and you recite it to him. 00:06:28.759 --> 00:06:33.759 Then return him after he has heard the word of Allah, if he refuses to embrace Islam, 00:06:33.759 --> 00:06:35.759 To a place where he is safe, 00:06:35.759 --> 00:06:37.759 Until he reaches his home. 00:06:37.759 --> 00:06:39.759 You do this for them, 00:06:39.759 --> 00:06:44.759 Because they are an ignorant people who do not understand the proof from Allah, 00:06:44.759 --> 00:06:49.759 Nor do they know what they would gain by believing in Allah, 00:06:49.759 --> 00:06:54.759 Nor the burden and sin they bear by abandoning faith in Allah. 00:06:54.759 --> 00:07:03.980 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7) 00:07:03.980 --> 00:07:13.980 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7) 00:07:13.980 --> 00:07:18.980 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7) 00:07:18.980 --> 00:07:23.980 Indeed, Allah loves the righteous. 00:07:23.980 --> 00:07:32.740 How can there be, O believers, a treaty and protection from Allah and His Messenger for the polytheists, 00:07:32.740 --> 00:07:38.740 To be fulfilled for them, while they are left to move freely in the lands? 00:07:38.740 --> 00:07:42.740 Except for those who were granted a treaty near the Sacred Mosque, 00:07:42.740 --> 00:07:44.740 From among those who remained true to their treaty, 00:07:44.740 --> 00:07:50.740 And did not participate in violating what was between the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:07:50.740 --> 00:07:53.740 And the Quraysh on the day of Hudaybiyyah. 00:07:53.740 --> 00:07:57.740 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7) 00:07:57.740 --> 00:08:04.740 Indeed, Allah loves those who fear Him and are mindful of Him in performing His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions, 00:08:04.740 --> 00:08:09.639 And who refrain from treachery regarding the treaties they have made. 00:08:09.639 --> 00:08:18.639 “How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard not pact nor honour in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths the while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrongdoers.” (9:8) 00:08:18.639 --> 00:08:32.220 “How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard not pact nor honour in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths the while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrongdoers.” (9:8) 00:08:32.220 --> 00:08:38.220 How can these polytheists who violated their treaty have a treaty and protection, 00:08:38.220 --> 00:08:43.220 When, if they were to prevail over you, they would not respect any kinship or treaty regarding you? 00:08:43.220 --> 00:08:50.220 They give you with their tongues words contrary to the enmity they conceal within themselves. 00:08:50.220 --> 00:08:57.220 Their hearts refuse to submit, and most of them are violators of your treaty, 00:08:57.220 --> 00:09:01.220 Disbelieving in their Lord and departing from His obedience. 00:09:01.220 --> 00:09:19.240 “They have purchased with the revelations of Allah a little gain, so they debar (men) from His way. Lo! evil is that which they are wont to do.” (9:9) 00:09:19.240 --> 00:09:27.980 These polytheists have exchanged, by abandoning the following of the proofs Allah has established against them, 00:09:27.980 --> 00:09:35.980 A small compensation—a little of the fleeting world—and have prevented people from entering Islam, 00:09:35.980 --> 00:09:42.980 And have attempted to turn the Muslims away from their religion. Evil is the work they have been doing, 00:09:42.980 --> 00:09:49.840 In trading disbelief for faith and misguidance for guidance. 00:09:49.840 --> 00:10:04.570 “And they observe toward a believer neither pact nor honour. These are they who are transgressors.” (9:10) 00:10:04.570 --> 00:10:14.570 These polytheists do not fear Allah, nor kinship, nor treaty, nor covenant, in killing a believer if they are able to do so. 00:10:14.570 --> 00:10:20.570 And those are the ones who transgress against you with injustice and aggression. 00:10:20.570 --> 00:10:30.179 “But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then are they your brethren in religion. We detail Our revelations for a people who have knowledge.” (9:11) 00:10:30.179 --> 00:10:37.179 “But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then are they your brethren in religion. We detail Our revelations for a people who have knowledge.” (9:11) 00:10:37.179 --> 00:10:43.519 But if these polytheists return to faith in Allah and His Messenger, 00:10:43.519 --> 00:10:50.519 And establish the prescribed prayer with its requirements, and give the obligatory zakat to those entitled to it, 00:10:50.519 --> 00:10:53.519 Then they are your brothers in Islam. 00:10:53.519 --> 00:11:00.519 And We clarify the proofs and evidences of Allah to His creation for a people who know what We have clarified for them, 00:11:00.519 --> 00:11:06.519 Unlike the ignorant who do not understand the clarification and the definitive verses of Allah. 00:11:06.519 --> 00:11:33.289 “And if they break their pledges after their treaty (hath been made with you) and assail your religion, then fight the heads of disbelief - Lo! they have no binding oaths - in order that they may desist.” (9:12) 00:11:33.289 --> 00:11:44.960 If these polytheists violate their treaties after they had pledged to you not to fight you nor support any of your enemies against you, 00:11:44.960 --> 00:11:58.960 And they attack your religion of Islam, then fight the leaders of disbelief in Allah—for the leaders of disbelief have no treaty—so that they may cease attacking your religion and supporting others against you. 00:11:58.960 --> 00:12:28.730 Will you not fight a people who broke their oaths, intended to expel the Messenger, and started the fight against you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are believers. 00:12:30.620 --> 00:12:43.620 Will you not fight, O believers, these polytheists who violated the treaty that was between you and them, and intended to expel the Messenger from among them, and indeed did expel him? 00:12:43.620 --> 00:13:12.259 And they started the fight against you the first time on the day of Badr, and it is said they fought the allies of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, from the Khuza'ah tribe. Do you fear them and thus abandon fighting them? But Allah is more worthy of your fear—that you should fear His punishment for abandoning their jihad—if you acknowledge that fearing Allah is more worthy for you than fearing these polytheists. 00:13:12.259 --> 00:13:31.970 Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands, disgrace them, grant you victory over them, and heal the hearts of a believing people. 00:13:31.970 --> 00:13:51.970 Fight, O you who believe in Allah and His Messenger, these polytheists; Allah will kill them by your hands, humiliate them through captivity and subjugation, grant you victory over them, and remove the ailment from the hearts of a people who believe in Allah and His Messenger by the killing of these polytheists at your hands. 00:13:51.970 --> 00:14:01.970 And that ailment is the resentment they held in their hearts against them due to the harm and evil they used to inflict upon them. 00:14:01.970 --> 00:14:16.960 “And He will remove the anger of their hearts. Allah relenteth toward whom He will. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (9:15) 00:14:16.960 --> 00:14:31.110 And He will remove the anguish, grief, and distress from the hearts of these believing people regarding these polytheists who broke their oaths. 00:14:31.110 --> 00:14:39.110 And Allah grants favor to whom He wills among His servants, guiding them to repentance through His success for them. 00:14:39.110 --> 00:14:51.110 And Allah is All-Knowing of the secrets of His servants, Wise in the transformation of His servants from a state of disbelief to a state of faith, and from a state of faith to disbelief. 00:14:52.110 --> 00:15:18.980 “Or deemed ye that ye would be left (in peace) when Allah yet knoweth not those of you who strive, choosing for familiar none save Allah and His messenger and the believers? Allah is Informed of what ye do.” (9:16) 00:15:18.980 --> 00:15:24.840 Or do you think, O believers, that Allah will leave you without testing you, 00:15:24.840 --> 00:15:29.840 By which He distinguishes the people of His allegiance—the mujahidin among you in His cause— 00:15:29.840 --> 00:15:35.840 Who do not take, other than Allah, His Messenger, or the believers, 00:15:35.840 --> 00:15:40.840 As confidants from among the polytheists, revealing their secrets to them? 00:15:40.840 --> 00:15:43.840 And Allah is well-acquainted with what you do. 00:15:43.840 --> 00:15:46.840 And Allah will reward you for that. 00:15:47.840 --> 00:16:02.740 “It is not for the idolaters to tend Allah's sanctuaries, bearing witness against themselves of disbelief. As for such, their works are vain and in the Fire they will abide.” (9:17) 00:16:02.740 --> 00:16:11.740 “It is not for the idolaters to tend Allah's sanctuaries, bearing witness against themselves of disbelief. As for such, their works are vain and in the Fire they will abide.” (9:17) 00:16:18.500 --> 00:16:21.500 Those are the ones who bear witness against themselves of disbelief. 00:16:21.500 --> 00:16:24.500 Those are the ones whose deeds have become worthless. 00:16:24.500 --> 00:16:30.500 And in the Fire they will abide forever, neither living nor dead. 00:16:30.500 --> 00:16:43.370 “He only shall tend Allah's sanctuaries who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and observeth proper worship and payeth the poor-due and feareth none save Allah. For such (only) is it possible that they can be of the rightly guided.” (9:18) 00:16:43.370 --> 00:16:55.370 And established prayer, gave zakat, and feared none but Allah. 00:16:55.370 --> 00:17:04.200 “He only shall tend Allah's sanctuaries who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and observeth proper worship and payeth the poor-due and feareth none save Allah. For such (only) is it possible that they can be of the rightly guided.” (9:18) 00:17:04.200 --> 00:17:10.200 The mosques of Allah are only maintained by those who believe in the oneness of Allah, 00:17:10.200 --> 00:17:14.200 Believe in Allah's resurrection of the dead on the Day of Resurrection, 00:17:14.200 --> 00:17:20.200 Establish the prescribed prayer with its requirements, and pay the obligatory zakat, 00:17:20.200 --> 00:17:24.200 And fear no punishment for their disobedience except from Allah. 00:17:24.200 --> 00:17:32.200 It is those who are worthy of being among those whom Allah has guided to the truth and to the attainment of what is correct. 00:17:32.200 --> 00:17:38.380 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.