Part of The Six Imams, Authors of the Sunan (series completed)
· Lesson 2 of 7
Biographies of the Imams who wrote the six books | Episode (1) | Imam Bukhari, may God have mercy on him
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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O you who recite the words of the Prophet and explain them,
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How beautiful is your voice when it calls to guidance!
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The biographies of the authors of the Six Books,
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Six biographies filled with beauty and majesty,
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Summarized with care from that unique and magnificent book,
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Biographies of the most noble of the noble,
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By Imam al-Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy on him.
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Prepared by Shaykh Muhammad al-Muhanna, may Allah preserve him.
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Imam al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him.
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Abu 'Abdullah al-Bukhari.
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Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mughirah ibn Bardizbah.
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"Bardizbah" is a Bukharan term meaning "the farmer."
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His grandfather, al-Mughirah, accepted Islam at the hands of al-Yaman al-Ju'fi, the governor of Bukhara.
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His father, Isma'il ibn Ibrahim, sought knowledge.
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Ishaq ibn Ahmad ibn Khalaf said:
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I heard al-Bukhari say:
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My father heard from Malik ibn Anas,
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And he saw Hammad ibn Zayd,
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And he shook hands with Ibn al-Mubarak with both his hands.
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Abu 'Abdullah was born in Shawwal in the year 194 AH.
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Ibn Abi Hatim said:
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I said to Abu 'Abdullah:
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How did your journey begin?
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He said:
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The love for memorizing hadith was inspired in me while I was still in primary school.
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I asked, "How old were you?"
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He replied:
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"Ten years old or less."
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Then I left school after I turned ten.
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I began attending the sessions of al-Dakhili and others.
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One day, al-Dakhili said:
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"Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Ibrahim."
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I said to him:
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"Abu al-Zubayr did not narrate from Ibrahim."
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He scolded me.
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I said to him:
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"Check your original source."
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He went in, looked at it,
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Then came out and said to me:
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"How is it, young man?"
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I said:
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"It is al-Zubayr ibn 'Adi, from Ibrahim."
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He said, "You are correct."
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Al-Bukhari was asked:
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"How old were you when you corrected him?"
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He said:
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"Eleven years old."
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He said:
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"When I reached sixteen,
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I had already memorized the books of Ibn al-Mubarak and Waki',
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And I was familiar with their views."
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Then I went out with my mother and my brother Ahmad to Makkah.
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After I performed Hajj,
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My brother returned with my mother,
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And I remained behind to seek hadith.
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Mention of his teachers and companions.
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Al-Bukhari heard hadith in Bukhara before he traveled,
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From 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah al-Ju'fi,
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And Muhammad ibn Salam al-Baykandi,
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And a group who were not among his major teachers.
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Then he heard in Balkh from Makki ibn Ibrahim,
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Who was one of his teachers with the highest chains of narration.
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And in Nishapur from Yahya ibn Yahya and others.
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And in Baghdad,
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When he arrived in Iraq at the end of the year 210 AH,
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From Muhammad ibn 'Isa ibn al-Tabba',
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And Surayj ibn al-Nu'man and 'Affan.
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And in Basra from Abu 'Asim al-Nabil and al-Ansari,
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And Hajjaj ibn Minhal and several others.
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And in Kufa from 'Ubaydullah ibn Musa and Abu Nu'aym,
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And Khalid ibn Makhlad and Talq ibn Ghannam.
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And in Makkah from Hassan ibn Hassan al-Basri,
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And Abu al-Walid al-Azraqi and al-Humaydi.
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And in Madinah from 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Uwaysi,
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And Ayyub ibn Sulayman ibn Bilal,
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And Isma'il ibn Abi Uways.
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And in Egypt from Sa'id ibn Abi Maryam,
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And 'Abdullah ibn Yusuf,
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And Asbagh and several others.
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And in the Levant from Abu al-Yaman,
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And Adam ibn Abi Iyas,
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And 'Ali ibn 'Ayyash.
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He also heard from Abu al-Mughirah 'Abd al-Quddus,
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And Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Wahbi,
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And Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Firyabi,
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And Abu Mushir, and many others.
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His scribe, Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim, said:
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I heard him say:
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"I entered Balkh,
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And they asked me to dictate to them a hadith for everyone I had written from.
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So I dictated one thousand hadiths for one thousand men from whom I had written."
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He said: I heard him a month before his death saying:
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"I wrote from one thousand and eighty men,
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None of whom were anything but scholars of hadith.
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All of them used to say:
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'Faith is speech and action; it increases and decreases.'"
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He said: I heard al-Bukhari say:
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"I entered Baghdad eight times,
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And each time I sat with Ahmad ibn Hanbal."
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In the last meeting when I bade him farewell, he said to me:
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"O Abu 'Abdullah,
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You are leaving knowledge and the people to go to Khurasan?"
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A great number of people narrated from him,
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Among them Abu 'Isa al-Tirmidhi,
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And Abu Hatim,
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And Ibrahim al-Harbi,
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And Ibn Abi al-Dunya,
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And Ibn Abi 'Asim,
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And Ibn Khuzaymah,
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And Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Farabri,
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The narrator of the Sahih,
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And countless others.
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Muslim also narrated from him in works other than his Sahih.
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Our teacher, Abu al-Hajjaj al-Mizzi, has arranged
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The teachers and companions of al-Bukhari alphabetically, as is his custom,
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And he mentioned a great many of them.
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Mention of his travels, his studies, and his works.
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Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim said:
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I heard Abu 'Abdullah,
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Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari, say:
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"I performed Hajj with my brother and my mother,
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And my brother returned with my mother,
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While I remained behind to seek hadith."
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"When I turned eighteen,
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I began to compile the legal rulings of the Companions and the Tabi'un and their opinions.
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I also compiled the book of History (al-Tarikh),
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At that time, near the grave of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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On moonlit nights."
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"There is no name in the History,
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Except that it has a story,
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But I disliked making the book too long."
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"I used to attend the sessions of the jurists in Marw when I was a boy.
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When I arrived, I would be too shy to greet them."
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A teacher from among them said to me:
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"How much have you written today?"
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I said, "Two."
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Meaning two hadiths.
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Those present in the gathering laughed.
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A shaykh among them said:
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"Do not laugh,
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For perhaps he will one day make you laugh [at your own ignorance]."
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"I visited al-Humaydi when I was eighteen years old,
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And there was a disagreement between him and another man regarding a hadith.
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When he saw me, al-Humaydi said:
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'The one who will settle our dispute has arrived.'
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They presented it to me,
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And I ruled in favor of al-Humaydi against the one who disagreed with him."
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Abu Bakr al-A'yan said:
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We came to al-Bukhari and wrote from him,
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And there was not a single hair on his face [he was so young].
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We said to him:
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"How old are you?"
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He said:
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"Seventeen years old."
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Al-Bukhari said:
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"Whenever I wrote from a man,
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I would ask him his name, his kunya,
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His lineage, and his status in hadith,
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If the man was intelligent.
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If he was not intelligent,
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I would ask him to show me his original source."
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Al-'Abbas al-Duri said:
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I have never seen anyone who knew how to seek hadith
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Like Muhammad ibn Isma'il.
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He would not leave a root or a branch [of a chain of narration],
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But he would extract it.
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Al-Bukhari said:
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"I was with Ishaq ibn Rahwayh,
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And some of our companions said:
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'If only you would compile a concise book
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Of the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace be upon him.'
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That suggestion settled in my heart,
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So I began to compile this book."
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Al-Farabri said:
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Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari said to me:
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"I did not include a single hadith in the Sahih,
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Except that I performed ghusl before it,
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And prayed two rak'ahs."
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Ibrahim ibn Ma'qal said:
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I heard al-Bukhari say:
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"I have not included in this book
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Anything but what is authentic,
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And I left out some authentic hadiths,
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So that the book would not become too long."
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Muhammad ibn Yusuf said:
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I was with Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari
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At his house one night,
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And I counted that he got up and lit his lamp
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To recall things and make notes,
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Eighteen times in one night.
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Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim the scribe said:
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Abu 'Abdullah,
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Whenever I was with him on a journey,
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We would share one room.
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I would see him get up in a single night
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Fifteen to twenty times.
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Each time he would take his flint,
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He would kindle a fire and light a lamp.
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Then he would bring out hadiths and mark them.
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Al-Bukhari said:
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"I compiled the Sahih over sixteen years,
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and I made it a proof between myself and Allah the Exalted."
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Al-Najm ibn al-Fudayl said:
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"I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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in a dream as if he were walking,
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and Muhammad ibn Isma'il was walking behind him.
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Whenever the Prophet, peace be upon him, raised
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his foot, Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari would place
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his own foot in the exact spot where the Prophet,
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peace be upon him, had lifted his from."
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A mention of his memorization, vast knowledge, and intelligence.
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'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Bukhari said:
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"I heard Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari
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say: 'I met more than a thousand men
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from the people of the Hijaz, Iraq, al-Sham, and Egypt.
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I met them multiple times;
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the people of al-Sham, Egypt, and the Jazirah twice,
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the people of Basra four times,
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and I spent six years in the Hijaz.
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I cannot count how many times I entered Kufa and Baghdad.'"
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Then he said:
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"I never saw one of them disagree on these matters:
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that faith is both speech and action,
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and that the Qur'an is the word of Allah."
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Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim al-Warraq said:
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"I heard Hashid ibn Isma'il and another man saying:
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'Abu 'Abd Allah al-Bukhari used to accompany us
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to the scholars of Basra while he was still a youth,
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yet he would not write anything down.
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This continued for several days,
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so we said to him:
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"You accompany us but do not write;
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what are you doing?"
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After sixteen days, he said to us:
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"You have pressed me and insisted too much;
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so present to me what you have written."
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We brought out what we had,
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and he read it all back to us from memory.'
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Then he said:
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'Do you think I attend in vain and waste my days?'
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We realized then that no one could surpass him."
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He said:
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"And I heard them both say:
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'The knowledgeable people of Basra
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would follow him in pursuit of hadith while he was still a young man,
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until they would overwhelm him
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and make him sit in the middle of the road,
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where thousands would gather around him,
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most of whom were writing down from him,
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even though he was a youth whose facial hair had not yet grown.'"
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Abu Ahmad 'Abd Allah ibn 'Adi al-Hafiz said:
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"I heard several scholars narrate
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that when Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari arrived in Baghdad,
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the hadith scholars heard of him,
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so they gathered and selected one hundred hadiths,
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then they swapped their texts and chains of narration,
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attaching the text of one chain to another,
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and the chain of one text to another.
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They gave ten hadiths to each of ten men,
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to present them to al-Bukhari in the assembly.
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The people gathered,
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and one of them stood up
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and asked al-Bukhari about one of his ten hadiths.
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He replied, 'I do not know it.'
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He asked him about another,
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and he said, 'I do not know it.'
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And so it went until he finished his ten.
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The jurists began looking at one another,
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saying, 'The man understands.'
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Those who did not know better judged al-Bukhari to be incapable.
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Then another stood up,
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and did as the first had done,
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with al-Bukhari saying, 'I do not know it.'
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Then the third,
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and so on until the tenth,
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and he would add nothing more than 'I do not know it.'
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When he knew they had finished,
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he turned to the first of them and said:
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'As for your first hadith, it is such-and-such,
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the second is such-and-such,
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the third is such-and-such,'
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continuing to the tenth.
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He restored every text to its proper chain,
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and did the same for the others.
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The people then acknowledged his mastery."
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Muhammad ibn Khamirawayh said:
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"I heard Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari say:
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'I have memorized one hundred thousand authentic hadiths,
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and I have memorized two hundred thousand non-authentic hadiths.'"
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A mention of the praise of the Imams for him.
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Sulaym ibn Mujahid said:
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"I entered upon Muhammad ibn Salam al-Baykandi,
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and he said:
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'Had you come earlier,
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you would have seen a boy who memorizes seventy thousand hadiths.'
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He said:
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'I went out in search of him until I caught up with him,
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and I said to him:
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"Are you the one who says
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that you memorize seventy thousand hadiths?"
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He said, "Yes, and more.
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I will not bring you a hadith from the Companions or the Tabi'un
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without telling you the birth, death, and residence of most of them."'"
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Yahya ibn Ja'far said—
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he is al-Baykandi—
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"If I could add to the life of Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari from my own, I would have done so,
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for my death would be the death of one man,
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while his death would be the loss of knowledge."
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Qutaybah was asked about the divorce of an intoxicated person,
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and he said to the questioner:
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"This is Ahmad ibn Hanbal,
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Ibn al-Madini, and Ibn Rahawayh;
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Allah has brought them to you,"
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and he pointed to Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari.
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Nu'aym ibn Hammad said:
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"Muhammad ibn Isma'il is the jurist of this Ummah."
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Al-Farabri said:
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"I heard al-Bukhari say:
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'I have never felt humbled before anyone
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except 'Ali ibn al-Madini.'"
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Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Salam said:
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"We mentioned the statement of Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari
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regarding 'Ali ibn al-Madini,"
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meaning his statement,
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"and 'Ali ibn al-Madini said: 'Leave this, for Muhammad ibn Isma'il has never seen the likes of himself.'"
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'Umar ibn 'Ali al-Fallas said: "A hadith that Muhammad ibn Isma'il does not know is not a hadith."
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'Ali ibn Hajar said: "Khurasan produced three: Abu Zur'ah, Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari,
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and 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi; and in my view, Muhammad ibn Isma'il is the most insightful, knowledgeable, and learned of them."
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'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal said: "I heard my father say: 'Khurasan has not produced the likes of Muhammad ibn Isma'il.'"
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Mahmud ibn al-Nadr al-Shafi'i said: "I entered Basra, al-Sham, the Hijaz, and Kufa,
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and I saw their scholars, whenever Muhammad ibn Isma'il was mentioned, preferring him over themselves."
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Muhammad ibn Bashshar said: "The masters of the world are four: Abu Zur'ah in Rayy, al-Darimi in Samarkand,
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Muhammad ibn Isma'il in Bukhara, and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj."
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'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal said: "I heard my father say: 'The pinnacle of memorization reached four men from the people of Khurasan:
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Abu Zur'ah al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Samarqandi,
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and al-Hasan ibn Shuja' al-Balkhi.' Ibn al-Ash'ath said: 'I narrated this to Muhammad ibn 'Aqil al-Balkhi,
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and he praised Ibn Shuja'. I said to him, "Why is he not famous?" He replied, "Because he was not granted a long life."'"
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'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi said: "Muhammad—meaning al-Bukhari—is the most intelligent of Allah's creation.
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He understood from Allah what He commanded him with and forbade him from in His Book and upon the tongue of His Prophet.
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When Muhammad read the Qur'an, he engaged his heart, his sight, and his hearing, reflecting on its parables and knowing its lawful and unlawful."
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Qutaybah said: "If Muhammad ibn Isma'il had been among the Companions, he would have been a sign."
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Qutaybah was asked about Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari, so he lowered his head, then raised it toward the sky and said:
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"I have looked into hadith, I have looked into legal opinion, and I have sat with jurists, ascetics, and worshippers;
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I have not seen the likes of Muhammad ibn Isma'il since I attained reason."
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Ibn Khuzaymah said: "I have not seen under the canopy of the sky anyone more knowledgeable of the hadith of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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or more memorized than Muhammad ibn Isma'il."
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Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Hafiz said: "I heard my father say: 'I saw Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj,
18:53
the author of the Sahih, before al-Bukhari, asking him questions like a student.'"
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Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn Hamdun al-Qassar said: "Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj came to al-Bukhari,
19:06
kissed him between his eyes, and said: 'Let me kiss your feet, O master of masters,
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leader of the hadith scholars, and physician of hadith.'"
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Al-Tirmidhi said: "I have not seen in Iraq or Khurasan
19:22
anyone more knowledgeable in the matters of 'Ilal (hidden defects), history, and the knowledge of chains of narration than Muhammad ibn Isma'il."
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A mention of his worship, virtue, piety, and righteousness.
19:39
Musabbih ibn Sa'id said: "Muhammad ibn Isma'il would complete a full reading of the Qur'an every day during the daylight hours of Ramadan,
19:47
and he would stand in prayer after Tarawih every three nights, completing another full reading."
19:52
Bakr ibn Munir said: "I heard Abu 'Abd Allah al-Bukhari say:
19:58
'I hope to meet Allah without Him holding me accountable for backbiting anyone.'"
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I say: He spoke the truth, may Allah have mercy on him. Whoever looks at his words in the science of Jarh wa Ta'dil (criticism and appraisal)
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will know his brilliance in speaking about people, even when he is critical of those he deems weak.
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He rarely says more than 'his hadith is rejected,' 'they remained silent about him,' 'there is some consideration regarding him,' and the like.
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It is rare for him to say, 'So-and-so is a liar' or 'he used to fabricate hadith.'
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He even said: 'If I say of someone that "there is consideration regarding his hadith," it means he is accused and weak.'
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This is the meaning of his statement: 'Allah will not hold me accountable for backbiting anyone.'
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This, by Allah, is the pinnacle of piety. Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim al-Warraq said:
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"Abu 'Abd Allah—meaning al-Bukhari—would pray thirteen rak'ahs during the time of the pre-dawn (Sahar).
20:57
He would not wake me for every prayer, so I said, 'I see you burdening yourself, yet you do not wake me.'
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Meaning: Why do you not wake me to serve you by bringing water for ablution and the like?
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He replied: 'You are a youth, and I do not like to spoil your sleep.'"
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He said: "One day he dictated many hadiths to me, and fearing I might grow weary, he said: 'Be at ease,
21:26
for the people of entertainment are in their entertainment, the people of crafts are in their crafts,
21:32
the merchants are in their trade, and you are with the Prophet, peace be upon him, and his Companions.'"
21:39
Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim said: "Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari was invited to the orchard of one of his companions.
21:48
When he led the people in the Dhuhr prayer, he stood to perform voluntary prayers. When he finished his prayer, he lifted the hem of his shirt
21:57
and said to some of those with him, 'Look, do you see anything under my shirt?'
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It turned out a wasp had stung him, and his body had swollen from it.
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Some of the people said to him, 'Why did you not leave the prayer the moment it stung you?'
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He replied, 'I was in a Surah and I wanted to finish it.'"
22:22
'Abd Allah ibn Sa'id said: "I heard the scholars in Basra saying:
22:28
'There is no one in the world like Muhammad ibn Isma'il in knowledge and righteousness.'"
22:33
Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim said: "I heard al-Bukhari say:
22:38
'I have never eaten leeks.' I asked, 'Why is that?'
22:43
He replied, 'I disliked offending those who were with me.' I asked, 'And the same for raw onions?'
22:50
He said, 'Yes.'"
22:52
Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas al-Farabri said:
22:55
"I was sitting with al-Bukhari in the mosque, and I picked a speck of dirt the size of a grain from his beard.
23:02
I intended to throw it in the mosque, but he said, 'Throw it outside the mosque.'"
23:09
A mention of his generosity, magnanimity, character, and other traits.
23:17
Muhammad ibn Abi Hatim said: "He had a piece of land that he would lease every year for seven hundred dirhams.
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The tenant would sometimes bring Abu 'Abd Allah a cucumber or two from it,
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because Abu 'Abd Allah was fond of ripe cucumbers.
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He would give the man one hundred dirhams every year for occasionally bringing him cucumbers."
23:46
He said: "We were in Farabr,
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and Abu 'Abd Allah was building a ribat (fortified lodge) near Bukhara.
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A large number of people gathered to assist him, and he was carrying bricks.
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I used to say to him, "You have done enough, Abu 'Abdullah."
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He would reply, "This is what benefits us."
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Then he began to carry the baskets himself.
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By "baskets," I mean the containers used to collect dirt and the remnants of digging and construction.
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He had slaughtered a cow for them.
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When the pots were ready—meaning the food had cooked—he invited the people to eat.
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We had brought bread with us, which we placed before them.
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Everyone present ate, and there were still loaves of bread left over.
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He said that Abu 'Abdullah would sometimes go the entire day,
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without eating a single piece of bread.
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He would only eat, at times, two or three almonds.
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He said that he used to give much in charity.
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He would take a needy person from among the people of hadith by the hand,
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and slip him between twenty and thirty [dirhams],
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sometimes less or more, without anyone noticing.
25:07
His purse never left his side.
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I saw him give a man, on several occasions,
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a pouch containing three hundred dirhams.
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The man later informed me of the exact amount that had been inside it.
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The man wanted to pray for him,
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but Abu 'Abdullah said to him, "Be gentle."
25:27
He then busied himself with another hadith so that no one would know about what he had done.
25:33
Al-Hasan Ibn al-Husayn al-Bazzaz said:
25:36
"I saw Muhammad Ibn Isma'il,
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a thin, elderly man,
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neither tall nor short."
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Regarding the mention of his death:
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'Abd al-Quddus Ibn 'Abd al-Jabbar al-Samarqandi said:
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"Muhammad Ibn Isma'il came to Khartank,
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which is a village two leagues from Samarqand.
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He had relatives there,
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so he stayed with them.
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One night, I heard him supplicating after he had finished his night prayer:
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'O Allah, the earth, despite its vastness, has become constricted for me,
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so take me unto You.'
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The month had not yet ended before he passed away.
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His grave is in Khartank."
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The reason for this was that he was afflicted by the enmity of some of his contemporaries.
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Muhammad Ibn Yahya al-Dhuhli and some of his students were hostile toward him,
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and then Khalid Ibn Ahmad, the governor of Bukhara, was hostile toward him.
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They tested him until he was expelled from Bukhara.
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He then headed, grief-stricken, to Khartank,
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in the outskirts of Samarqand,
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where he passed away.
26:44
Al-Hasan Ibn al-Husayn al-Bazzaz said:
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"Al-Bukhari passed away on the night of Saturday,
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the night of Eid al-Fitr,
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in the year 256 AH."
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He lived for 62 years,
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minus 13 days.
27:01
[Poetry:] You travel among the authors of the books of the Saturday [the Sabbath of knowledge],
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at times I am filled with grief, and at times I am smiling.
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You have been comforted, yet humility appeared upon you,
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at times boasting of the Sunnah of Ahmad,
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at times ascetic with a gentle soul.
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Read, for I have made myself a ransom for you, and I wish,
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that if you read, your entire voice would be a minaret.
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I have bound my veins to the hadith and its people,
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so open your Sahih collections and quench my thirst with the chains of narration.
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With the "he said," and "he narrated," and "he informed us,"
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and the eloquent, precise, and comprehensive words.
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For his words—peace and blessings of Allah be upon him—carry majesty,
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and his words possess authority over all other speech.
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Upon them is a light illuminated with tranquility,
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which flows into my soul and remains a source of joy.