Part of And the city became dark (the series was completed)
· Lesson 8 of 13
And the city darkened | Episode (7) | Dying and wills
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. And Madinah grew dark: the deathbed and the final testaments.
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The Companions realized that these were the most critical and final moments.
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For here was al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib,
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speaking to Ali that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was on the verge of passing away.
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Ibn Abbas narrated
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that Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)
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came out from the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) during the illness from which he died.
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The people asked,
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"O Abu al-Hasan,
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how has the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) awakened this morning?"
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He replied,
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"He has awakened, praise be to Allah, recovered."
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Thereupon, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib took him by the hand
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and said to him,
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"By Allah, after three days you will be a subject ruled by another's rod.
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By Allah, I surely see that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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will pass away from this illness of his.
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For I well recognize the faces of the Banu Abd al-Muttalib at the time of death.
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Let us go to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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and ask him who shall hold this matter of authority.
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If it is to be among us, we will know it;
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and if it is to be among others, we will know it so he may make a bequest concerning us."
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Ali replied,
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"By Allah, if we ask the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for it
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and he refuses us, the people will never grant it to us after him.
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And by Allah, I will never ask it of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."
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Then Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr entered upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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whose illness had grown heavy to the point that he (peace and blessings be upon him) could not speak.
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Aisha said:
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"Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr entered holding a siwak with which he was cleaning his teeth.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) looked at it,
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and I said to him,
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'Give me this siwak, O Abd al-Rahman.'
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So he gave it to me,
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and I bit off its end and chewed it,
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then gave it to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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He cleaned his teeth with it while leaning against my chest."
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Another narration clarifies
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how the condition of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was at that time.
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Aisha said:
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"Abd al-Rahman entered upon me holding the siwak,
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while I was supporting the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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I saw him looking at it,
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and I knew that he loved the siwak.
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So I said,
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'Shall I take it for you?'
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He nodded his head in approval.
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I took it, but it was too hard for him,
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so I asked,
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'Shall I soften it for you?'
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He nodded his head in approval.
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So I softened it."
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Then the throes of death became apparent upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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and he (peace be upon him) wished to write a document for the Companions,
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after which they would never go astray.
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Ibn Abbas said:
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"When the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) approached, there were men in the house.
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
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'Come, let me write for you a document,
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after which you will never go astray.'
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Some of them said,
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'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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has been overcome by severe pain,
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and you have the Qur'an;
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the Book of Allah is sufficient for us.'
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The people in the house differed and disputed.
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Some of them said,
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'Bring it close so he may write for you a document after which you will never go astray,'
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while others said otherwise.
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When their clamor and disagreement increased,
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the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,
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'Leave me.'"
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The incident of the document took place on Thursday,
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before the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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by four days,
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as reported in the narration of Sa'id ibn Jubayr.
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He said:
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"Ibn Abbas said:
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'Thursday!
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And what a day Thursday was!'
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The pain of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) intensified,
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and he said,
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'Bring me writing materials that I may write for you a document,
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after which you will never go astray.'"
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In al-Bukhari, in the Book of Jihad:
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"Ibn Abbas said:
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'Thursday!
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And what a day Thursday was!'
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Then he wept
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until his tears moistened the pebbles.
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He then said:
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'The pain of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) intensified on Thursday,
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and he said:
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"Bring me writing materials that I may write for you a document,
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after which you will never go astray."
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But they disputed,
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and it is not fitting to dispute in the presence of a Prophet.
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They said,
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"Has the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) spoken in delirium?"
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He said,
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"Leave me,
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for the state I am in is better than what you call me to."
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And at his death he enjoined three things:
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"Expel the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula,
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grant gifts to delegations as I used to grant them,"
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and the third was forgotten.'"
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Talhah ibn Musarrif narrated, saying:
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"I asked Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him),
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'Did the Prophet (peace be upon him) leave a bequest?'
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He replied, 'No.'
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I said,
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'How then was the bequest prescribed for people,
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or how were they commanded to make a bequest?'
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He said,
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'He enjoined the Book of Allah.'"
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Aisha held the same view as Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him),
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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had not made a specific bequest to anyone.
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She said—
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on the authority of al-Aswad, who said:
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"It was mentioned in the presence of Aisha that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the appointed successor.
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She said,
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'When did he appoint him?
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For I was supporting him against my chest'—
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or she said, 'in my lap'—
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'when he called for a basin,
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then he collapsed in my lap,
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and I did not even realize he had died.
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So when did he make a bequest to him?'"
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During those agonizing moments, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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was enduring severe death throes,
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as narrated by Aisha and Ibn Abbas.
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On the authority of Aisha and Ibn Abbas, who said:
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"When death was descending upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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he began pulling a woolen cloak over his face,
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and when he felt stifled,
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he would uncover his face.
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While in that state, he said,
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'May the curse of Allah be upon the Jews and the Christians;
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they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship'—
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warning against what they had done."
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Aisha said,
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"Had it not been for that, his grave would have been made prominent,
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but it was feared it would be taken as a place of worship."
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Usamah ibn Zayd narrates
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the account of the Prophet (peace be upon him) binding the military banner,
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having appointed him commander of the expedition,
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saying:
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"When the condition of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) became grave,
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I descended, and the people descended upon Madinah.
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I entered upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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and he had been struck silent and could not speak.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began
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placing his hands upon me and raising them in prayer."
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And on the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her),
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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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used to say during the illness in which he died:
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"The prayer, and those whom your right hands possess!"
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He kept repeating it until his tongue could no longer articulate it.
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In the narration of Anas ibn Malik, he said:
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"The general exhortation of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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when death approached him and his soul was rattling in his throat was:
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'The prayer, and those whom your right hands possess!'"
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Dhakwan, the freed slave of Aisha, narrates
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that Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to say:
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"In front of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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was a leather flask—
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or a vessel containing water—"
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Umar, the sub-narrator, was unsure—
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"and he began dipping his hand into the water,
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wiping his face with it and saying,
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'There is no god but Allah;
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truly, death has its agonies.'
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Then he raised his hand and began saying,
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'With the Highest Companionship,'
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until his soul was taken
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and his hand tilted down (peace be upon him)."
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Among the final counsels given by the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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just before his passing
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is what was narrated by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf,
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who said:
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"When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was approaching death,
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they said,
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'O Messenger of Allah, give us a bequest.'
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He said,
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'I enjoin upon you the first foremost of the Muhajirun,
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and their descendants after them.
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If you do not do so,
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neither obligatory nor voluntary deeds will be accepted from you.'"
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Aisha tried to bring ease to the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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so she would recite the Mu'awwidhat (protective surahs) over him.
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Urwah ibn al-Zubayr narrated, saying:
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"Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) informed me
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that whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) fell ill,
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he would blow over himself reciting the Mu'awwidhat
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and wipe over himself with his own hand.
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When he suffered from the illness from which he died,
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I began blowing over him with the Mu'awwidhat
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that he used to blow,
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and wiped him with the hand of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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As the illness intensified for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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Fatimah began to weep,
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as Anas ibn Malik narrated.
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Anas said:
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"When the Prophet's condition grew severe,
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agony and distress began to overwhelm him,
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so Fatimah (peace be upon her) said:
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'O the intense agony of my father!'
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Thereupon he said to her:
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'There will be no more agony for your father after today.'"
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The Mother of the Believers, Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her), was also deeply distraught,
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and she came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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grieving over his illness and what he was enduring,
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as Zayd ibn Aslam narrated,
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saying:
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"The wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gathered around him
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during the illness from which he passed away.
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As his wives gathered by his side,
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Safiyyah bint Huyayy said:
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'By Allah, O Prophet of Allah,
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I truly wish that what has afflicted you had afflicted me instead.'
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At this, his other wives signaled each other by winking,
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so he said: 'Rinse your mouths.'
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They asked: 'From what?'
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He replied: 'For your winking at her;
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by Allah, she is indeed speaking the truth.'"
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It was as if she (may Allah be pleased with her)
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was profoundly distressed at the thought of being parted from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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as Dhu Dhu'ayb narrated, saying:
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"When death was approaching
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the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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Safiyyah said:
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'O Messenger of Allah,
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each of your wives has family to whom she can turn,
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but you have exiled my people.
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If anything happens to you, to whom shall I turn?'
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He replied:
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'To 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.'"
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And Madinah grew dark.