Part of Ramadan events and lessons (series completed)
· Lesson 15 of 31
Ramadan events and lessons | Episode (15) | The death of the Mother of the Believers, Aisha, may God be pleased with her
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Transcript
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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A summary of the book:
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Ramadan:
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Events and Lessons.
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The passing of the Mother of the Believers,
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‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her.
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The time:
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Tuesday night,
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the seventeenth of Ramadan,
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in the fifty-eighth year
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of the Hijrah.
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She is the truthful one, daughter of the truthful one,
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the chaste and dignified.
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The most virtuous and learned of women,
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whose virtues reached the heights of the heavens,
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and whose merits were celebrated,
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spreading across the horizons,
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with the light of her noble qualities.
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The Ummah benefited
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from her knowledge and her legal rulings,
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and Allah the Exalted declared her innocent
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of what was falsely attributed to her
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by the people of the slander.
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This is mentioned in verses
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of the Qur’an, in Surah al-Nur,
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which are recited regarding her innocence
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until the Day of Resurrection.
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Her name and lineage:
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may Allah be pleased with her.
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She is the Mother of the Believers,
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‘A’ishah bint ‘Abdullah,
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ibn ‘Uthman ibn ‘Amir,
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ibn ‘Amr ibn Ka‘b ibn Sa‘d,
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ibn Taym ibn Murrah,
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ibn Ka‘b,
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ibn Lu’ayy al-Qurashi al-Taymi,
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[daughter of] Abu Bakr al-Siddiq,
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ibn Abi Quhafah.
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Her mother was Umm Ruman
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bint ‘Amir ibn ‘Uwaymir
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al-Kinaniyyah.
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Thus, she, her father,
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her mother, and her grandfather—
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her father’s father—
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all attained the honor of being among the Companions.
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May Allah be pleased with them
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all.
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Her birth, may Allah be pleased with her:
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She was born after
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the Prophetic mission by four years,
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or five.
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The marriage of the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, to her:
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The Prophet,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married her
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after the death of Khadijah,
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it is said, three years later.
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His marriage,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, to ‘A’ishah
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took place in Shawwal,
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and he consummated the marriage with her in Shawwal.
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Because of this,
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she liked for women
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from among her family and loved ones
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to be married in Shawwal.
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She would say,
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"Was there any among his wives
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more favored than I?
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For he married me and consummated the marriage
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in Shawwal."
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He passed away,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, while she
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was eighteen years old.
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Her time spent with him,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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was nine years.
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Regarding this, may Allah be pleased with her,
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she said: "The Prophet,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married me
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when I was six years old.
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We arrived in Madinah,
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and we stayed with the Banu al-Harith
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ibn Khazraj.
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I fell ill,
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and my hair fell out,
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then it grew back in abundance.
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My mother, Umm Ruman, came to me
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while I was on a swing,
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with some of my friends.
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She called out to me,
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and I went to her, not knowing
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what she wanted of me.
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She took me by the hand until
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she made me stand at the door of the house.
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I was panting,
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until I caught my breath.
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Then she took
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some water
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and wiped my face and head with it.
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Then she brought me into the house,
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and there were women
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from the Ansar in the house.
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They said, 'With goodness and blessing,
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and with the best of fortune.'
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She handed me over
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to them,
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and they prepared me."
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I was not startled except by the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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According to Muslim,
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from al-Aswad, from ‘A’ishah,
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may Allah be pleased with her,
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she said:
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"The Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married her
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when she was six,
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and he consummated the marriage with her
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when she was nine,
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and he died leaving her
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when she was eighteen."
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From ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,
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she said:
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"The Messenger of Allah said,
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'I was shown you in a dream
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twice.
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A man was carrying you
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in a piece of silk,
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and he said,
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"This is your wife."
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I uncovered her,
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and it was you.
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I said,
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"If this is from
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Allah, it will come to pass."'"
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The Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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did not marry any virgin other than her.
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This is agreed upon
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among the scholars of transmission.
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She was known by the kunya
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Umm ‘Abdullah.
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It is also said
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that she was named after her sister’s son,
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‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr,
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may Allah be pleased with them both.
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Her knowledge and fiqh,
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may Allah be pleased with her:
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Our Mother,
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the truthful one, may Allah be pleased with her, encompassed
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vast sciences
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and diverse branches of knowledge,
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to the point that she was known among the Companions
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for the breadth of her knowledge
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and the depth of her understanding.
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People would return
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to her for legal rulings and scientific
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questions, and they would find
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with her the healing answer.
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Al-Zuhri said:
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"If the knowledge of ‘A’ishah were gathered
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with the knowledge of all
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the Mothers of the Believers,
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and the knowledge of all women,
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the knowledge of ‘A’ishah
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would be superior."
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Masruq ibn Abi Musa
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said on the authority of his father:
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"We never encountered a difficult matter
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and asked ‘A’ishah about it,
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but that we found with her
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knowledge regarding it."
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Hisham ibn ‘Urwah said
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on the authority of his father:
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"I have not seen anyone
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more knowledgeable in fiqh, medicine,
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or poetry than ‘A’ishah."
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‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah said:
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"‘A’ishah was the most learned in fiqh
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of the people, the most knowledgeable of the people,
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and the best of the people in opinion
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regarding public affairs."
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From Masruq, who said:
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"I saw the elders among the Companions
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of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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the seniors,
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asking her about the laws of inheritance."
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Ibn al-Qayyim said:
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"As for ‘A’ishah,
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she was foremost
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in knowledge, inheritance laws,
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legal rulings, and the lawful
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and the prohibited."
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He also said:
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"She preserved legal rulings from
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the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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numbering over one hundred and thirty
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individuals, both
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men and women.
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Those among them who narrated the most were
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seven: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab,
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‘Ali ibn Abi Talib,
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‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud,
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‘A’ishah,
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the Mother of the Believers,
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Zayd ibn Thabit,
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‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas,
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and ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar.
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Ibn Hajar said:
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"A great deal was preserved
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from her,"
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and she lived after him for nearly
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fifty years,
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so people took much knowledge from her,
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and they transmitted from her
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a great deal of legal rulings and etiquette,
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a vast amount,
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to the extent that it was said
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that a quarter of the legal rulings of the Shari‘ah
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were transmitted from her, may Allah be pleased with her.
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Her virtues,
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may Allah be pleased with her.
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For the Mother of the Believers, ‘A’ishah,
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may Allah be pleased with her,
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there are numerous virtues,
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about which independent works
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have been authored.
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Among her general virtues
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are those mentioned regarding the merit of the Companions,
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the family of the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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his wives,
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and the Muhajirun.
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As for her specific virtues,
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among them
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is the greeting of Jibril,
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peace be upon him, to her.
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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,
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she said:
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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said
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one day:
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'O ‘A’ish,
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this is Jibril, he conveys
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peace to you.'
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I replied: 'And upon him be peace
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and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.'
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You see what I do not see."
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Secondly,
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she is among the perfect
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women.
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On the authority of Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari, may Allah be pleased with him,
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he said:
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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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'Many among
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men have attained perfection,
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but none among women have attained perfection
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except Maryam bint ‘Imran
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and Asiyah,
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the wife of Pharaoh.
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And the superiority of ‘A’ishah over women
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is like the superiority of tharid
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over all other food.'"
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Thirdly,
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the revelation descended upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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while he was under her cover,
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unlike any of his other wives.
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On the authority of ‘Urwah ibn al-Zubayr,
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he said:
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"People used to time
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their gifts for the day of ‘A’ishah."
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‘A’ishah said:
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"My companions gathered
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and went to Umm Salamah
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and said: 'O Umm Salamah,
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by Allah, the people
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time their gifts
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for the day of ‘A’ishah,
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and we desire the good
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just as ‘A’ishah desires it.
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So tell the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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to command the people to bring their gifts
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to him wherever he may be,
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or wherever he turns.'"
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She said:
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"So Umm Salamah mentioned that
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to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him."
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She said:
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"He turned away from me.
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When he returned to me,
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I mentioned it to him,
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and he turned away from me.
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When it was the third time,
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I mentioned it to him,
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and he said:
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'O Umm Salamah,
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do not hurt me regarding ‘A’ishah,
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for by Allah, revelation has never descended
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upon me while I was under the cover
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of any woman among you, except her.'"
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Fourthly,
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she was the most beloved of the wives of the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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to him.
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On the authority of ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with him,
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that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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sent him on the expedition
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of Dhat al-Salasil.
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I came to him and said:
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"Which of the people is most beloved
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to you?"
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He said: "‘A’ishah."
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I said: "Among men?"
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He said: "Her father."
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I said: "Then
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who?"
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He said: "‘Umar ibn al-Khattab."
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‘A’ishah said,
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may Allah be pleased with her:
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"I was granted qualities
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that no other woman was granted:
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The Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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married me when I was seven,
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and the angel brought my image to him
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in his palm so he could look
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at it, and he married
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me at nine.
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I saw Jibril,
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and I was the most beloved of his wives
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to him.
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He was pleased with me, then he passed away,
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and others besides me and the angels witnessed it.
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He did not marry a virgin
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other than me.
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And both of the woman's parents
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were Muhajirun, except for me.
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And Allah sent down my exoneration
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from the heavens.
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Revelation used to descend upon him
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while he was with me.
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He used to pray while I was
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lying across in front of him.
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And he passed away between my chest
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and my throat in my house,
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and on my night."
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Her death, may Allah be pleased with her.
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After a life filled
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with service to the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and bringing him happiness,
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and benefiting the Ummah
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with her knowledge and her legal opinions,
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the messenger of her Lord came to her
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to transition
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from the worldly life
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to the afterlife.
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She died in the year
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58 AH,
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on a Tuesday night,
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seventeen nights
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having passed in Ramadan,
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and she was buried in al-Baqi‘.
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Descending into her grave were
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five: ‘Abdullah,
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‘Urwah ibn al-Zubayr,
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al-Qasim
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ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr,
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‘Abdullah ibn Muhammad
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ibn Abi Bakr,
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and ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman
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ibn Abi Bakr.
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When the Prophet,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away,
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her age was
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18 years,
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may Allah be pleased with her
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and grant her satisfaction.
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Ramadan: events
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and lessons.