Part of The Ten Given Glad Tidings of Paradise (series completed)
· Lesson 18 of 30
The ten promised Paradise | Episode (18) | Ali bin Abi Talib, may God be pleased with him (Part 4)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Mawaddah Association presents: The Ten Promised Paradise.
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him.
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The pilgrimage season arrived in the ninth year of the Hijrah,
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and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, appointed
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Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, to lead the Hajj that year.
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Al-Siddiq set out with the accompanying Muslims, heading towards Makkah.
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While they were on their way, Allah Almighty revealed to His Messenger the opening verses of Surat Bara'ah (al-Tawbah).
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The Messenger of Allah dispatched 'Ali ibn Abi Talib upon his she-camel carrying these verses,
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to proclaim them publicly to the people during the Hajj.
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib caught up with Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with them both,
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overtaking him along the road.
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When al-Siddiq heard the groaning cry of the Prophet's she-camel,
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he thought it was the Messenger of Allah himself.
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When it became clear to him that it was 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, he asked him: "Are you coming as a commander or as an emissary?"
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'Ali replied: "Rather as an emissary," and handed him the letter of the Prophet.
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In it, Abu Bakr's leadership over the pilgrimage was affirmed, and 'Ali was commanded to proclaim to the people:
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"No idolater shall perform pilgrimage after this year, no naked person shall circumambulate the House, and none shall enter Paradise except a believer.
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Whoever has a treaty shall have it honored until its term, and whoever has no treaty is granted a respite of four months."
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“And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)
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So 'Ali went forth proclaiming this during the Hajj, conveying it on behalf of the Messenger of Allah,
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until his voice became hoarse.
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In the tenth year, the Prophet sent 'Ali ibn Abi Talib to Yemen
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to teach the people the Qur'an and Islam, and to judge among them.
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'Ali said: "O Messenger of Allah, you are sending me to a people among whom disputes and matters arise,
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yet I have no experience in judicial ruling." The Messenger of Allah said to him: "Indeed, Allah will guide your tongue and firm your heart."
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He also instructed him: "When two disputants sit before you,
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do not render judgment until you have heard from the second just as you heard from the first, for that is more likely to make the proper judgment clear to you."
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'Ali said: "Ever since, I have served as a judge and never doubted any judgment between two people."
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When the Prophet resolved to perform the pilgrimage, he sent for 'Ali ibn Abi Talib to witness it with him.
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So 'Ali arrived from Yemen and performed the Farewell Pilgrimage with the Prophet.
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When the Prophet proceeded to the sacrificial slaughter site in Mina on the blessed Day of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha),
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he slaughtered sixty-three sacrificial camels with his own noble hand and commanded 'Ali ibn Abi Talib
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to slaughter the remainder of the one hundred camels that the Prophet had brought with him.
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He then ordered him to distribute their meat and hides among the needy, and not to give any part of it to the butchers as payment.
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He also instructed him to take a piece from each camel; they were placed in a cooking pot and boiled, and they both ate from its meat and drank from its broth.
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When the pilgrimage season ended and they were returning to Madinah, the Prophet and those with him halted at Ghadir Khumm.
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The call was proclaimed among the people: "Congregational prayer!" So the people gathered, and the place beneath two trees was cleared and prepared for the Messenger of Allah.
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He led the Zuhr prayer, then took 'Ali by the hand and said: "Do you not know that I have more right over the believers than they have over themselves?"
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They replied: "Yes, indeed, O Messenger of Allah!" He said: "Whomsoever's patron I am, 'Ali is his patron. O Allah, be an ally to whoever allies with him, and an adversary to whoever shows enmity to him."
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In the final days of the beloved Chosen Prophet, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib remained constantly at his side.
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He was among the closest people to him, and people would inquire of him about the condition of the Messenger of Allah, and he would inform them.
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Two days before the passing of the Prophet, he felt some lightness in his illness,
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so he emerged from his room leaning upon al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, his feet tracing lines on the ground from severe pain,
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while Abu Bakr was leading the people in the Zuhr prayer; when Abu Bakr sensed his presence, he moved to step back.
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But the Messenger of Allah gestured to him to remain in his place, and he instructed them both to seat him to the left of Abu Bakr.
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Thus the Messenger of Allah prayed leading the people seated, while Abu Bakr prayed standing:
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Abu Bakr followed the prayer of the Prophet, and the people followed the prayer of Abu Bakr.
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When the Prophet passed away, 'Ali undertook washing his noble body, joined by his uncle al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib,
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al-Fadl ibn al-'Abbas, his brother Qutham, Usamah ibn Zayd, Shuqran—the freed slave of the Prophet—and Aws al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with them all.
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib pledged allegiance to the successor of the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.
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He remained closely attached to him, never parting from him at any time, serving as one of his principal advisors and helpers, especially in combating the apostates.
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Caliph Abu Bakr deeply venerated 'Ali, loved him, and loved his children; one day, they both walked out together from the mosque after the 'Asr prayer,
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and he passed by al-Hasan ibn 'Ali playing with the young boys, so Abu Bakr carried him upon his shoulders, saying:
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"By my father! He resembles the Prophet, he does not resemble 'Ali!" while 'Ali smiled; and Abu Bakr used to say:
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"By Him in Whose hand is my soul, upholding ties with the kin of the Messenger of Allah is dearer to me than upholding ties with my own kin."
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When Abu Bakr ordered the compilation of the Mus-haf, 'Ali praised him for it and said:
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"The person with the greatest reward concerning the copies of the Qur'an is Abu Bakr al-Siddiq; he was the first to compile the Qur'an between two covers."
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Then 'Umar ibn al-Khattab assumed the caliphate, and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib shared with him
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such affection, love, and praiseworthy stances that were both well-witnessed and renowned.
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Among these was his marrying his daughter Umm Kulthum to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.
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'Umar ibn al-Khattab came to the Muhajirun and said to them: "Will you not congratulate me?"
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They asked: "On whom, O Commander of the Believers?" He replied: "On Umm Kulthum, daughter of 'Ali and granddaughter of Fatimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah;
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for I heard the Messenger of Allah say: 'Every lineage and matrimonial bond will be severed on the Day of Resurrection
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except my matrimonial bond and my lineage,' and I wished that there be between me and the Messenger of Allah a lineage and a matrimonial bond."
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What is meant by the bond (sabab) here is marriage.
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When the Commander of the Believers 'Umar ibn al-Khattab wished to institute the Islamic calendar,
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he gathered the people and asked them from which day the calendar should be dated.
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'Ali said: "From the day the Prophet emigrated and left behind the land of polytheism."
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'Umar approved of this suggestion and adopted it.
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Then, when 'Umar ibn al-Khattab was mortally stabbed, he placed the matter of succession after him into a consultative council (shura) among the Prophet's Companions
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with whom the Messenger of Allah was well pleased when he passed away:
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namely 'Ali, 'Uthman, al-Zubayr, Talhah, Sa'd, and 'Abd al-Rahman.
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And he said: "'Abdullah ibn 'Umar shall attend with you as an observer, having no share in authority," as a measure of solace to him, may Allah be pleased with them all.
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Then, when he passed away, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib came to him,
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uncovered the cloth from his face, and said: "May Allah have mercy upon you, O Abu Hafs!
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By Allah, there is no one left after the Messenger of Allah whose record of deeds I would love more to meet Allah Almighty with than yours."
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'Ali was frequently seen wearing a particular cloak,
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and when it was said to him: "You wear this cloak so often!"
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he replied: "Yes, indeed; this cloak was gifted to me by my close companion and bosom friend, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab."
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The Companions of the consultative council agreed upon the caliphate of 'Uthman ibn 'Affan,
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and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib pledged allegiance to him.
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The relationship between them was built upon affection, respect, love, and esteem.
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Momentous events took place during the caliphate of the Commander of the Believers 'Uthman ibn 'Affan,
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and 'Ali was the finest pillar of support and assistance to him throughout them.
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He used to say: "Had 'Uthman exiled me to Sirar—a place between Madinah and Iraq—I would have listened and obeyed."
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When 'Uthman united the people upon a single Mus-haf and burned the remaining codices,
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rest of the Companions fully endorsed him in that.
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'Ali said: "By Allah, had I been in authority, I would have done exactly what he did."
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib stood steadfast alongside the Commander of the Believers 'Uthman ibn 'Affan
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during the civil strife that culminated in the murder of the Commander of the Believers.
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He defended him and did not leave him at the mercy of the rebels who revolted against him;
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however, the Commander of the Believers 'Uthman
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ordered him and the Companions with him to stay their hands and not fight in his defense;
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had he let them, they would certainly have protected him.
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib was heard delivering a sermon from the pulpit,
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saying regarding the words of Allah Almighty:
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and he declared: "'Uthman is among them."
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After the murder of 'Uthman ibn 'Affan,
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the people gathered around 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and offered him the caliphate.
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He declined, but they insisted and would not relent,
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so he said: "A pledge of allegiance cannot be given in secret;
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rather, I shall go out to the mosque, and whoever wishes to pledge allegiance to me may do so."
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So he went out to the mosque,
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and senior Companions, such as Talhah and al-Zubayr, pledged allegiance to him,
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as did the Muhajirun and the Ansar,
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along with all the Companions of the Messenger of Allah who were present in Madinah,
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and the general populace pledged allegiance to him.
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He then sent word of his accession across the provinces,
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and they all submitted and pledged allegiance,
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except for Mu'awiyah alongside the people of the Levant,
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as will be detailed in our next episode, if Allah wills.
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The caliphate of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib lasted
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for five years minus three months,
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and with it concluded the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate,
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which was foretold by the Prophet
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when he said: "The caliphate after me shall last thirty years."
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Chosen by the Prophet,
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the best companions designated by text—they are indeed
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guaranteed eternal Paradise by authentic texts,
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which elevated their honor:
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they are Talhah,
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Ibn 'Awf,
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al-Zubayr, alongside
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Abu 'Ubaydah,
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the two Sa'ds,
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and the two successors.