Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (51)

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

0:06 The Farewell Pilgrimage.

0:11 In the tenth year of the Hijrah,

0:16 on a Saturday,

0:18 with four days remaining in Dhu al-Qa'dah,

0:20 in the tenth year of the Prophet's migration,

0:23 he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prepared for the Hajj.

0:27 On the authority of Ja'far al-Sadiq,

0:29 from Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn 'Ali ibn Abi Talib

0:33 (may Allah be pleased with them), who said:

0:35 I said to Jabir ibn 'Abdillah,

0:38 "Tell me about the Hajj of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."

0:42 So he gestured with his hand,

0:44 folding nine fingers, and then said:

0:47 "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

0:50 remained nine years in Medina

0:53 without performing Hajj.

0:54 Then it was announced among the people in the tenth year

0:57 that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would perform Hajj.

1:01 Thereupon, a multitude of people arrived in Medina,

1:04 all of them seeking to follow the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

1:09 and to perform the rites just as he did.

1:11 So we set out with him until we reached Dhu al-Hulayfah,

1:15 where Asma' bint 'Umays gave birth

1:18 to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr.

1:20 She sent word to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):

1:24 'What should I do?'

1:26 He said:

1:27 'Perform a ritual bath (ghusl),

1:28 pad yourself with a cloth, and enter ihram.'

1:31 This is the Sunnah regarding menstruating women and women experiencing postnatal bleeding:

1:36 if her menses or postnatal bleeding begins before her ihram,

1:40 she enters ihram, performs ghusl for ihram, and recites the Talbiyah."

1:44 Jabir said:

1:46 "Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed in the mosque,

1:50 and thereafter mounted al-Qaswa'.

1:52 When his camel reached the open plain of al-Bayda',

1:56 I looked as far as my eye could see before him,

1:59 seeing riders and pedestrians,

2:01 and as many on his right,

2:03 as many on his left,

2:06 and as many behind him.

2:08 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was among us;

2:13 the Qur'an was descending upon him,

2:15 and he knew its true interpretation.

2:17 Whatever he did, we also did.

2:21 He pronounced the Talbiyah of Tawhid:

2:23 'Labbayk Allahumma labbayk (Here I am, O Allah, here I am),

2:25 labbayka la sharika laka labbayk (here I am, You have no partner, here I am).

2:28 Inna al-hamda wa-n-ni'mata laka wa-l-mulk (Indeed, all praise, grace, and sovereignty belong to You),

2:31 la sharika lak (You have no partner).'

2:33 The people also raised their voices with whatever phrases they wished to chant,

2:37 and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not object to any of it."

2:42 That is, some people recited the Talbiyah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

2:47 while others added different phrases to their Talbiyah,

2:50 such as the saying of some:

2:53 "Labbayka wa-sa'dayk (Here I am, at Your service and ready to obey You),

2:55 wa-l-khayru kulluhu fi yadayk (and all goodness is in Your hands),"

2:58 and the saying of others:

3:00 "Labbayka haqqa haqqa (Here I am, in absolute truth),

3:02 ta'abbudan wa-riqqa (in worship and servitude)."

3:04 Some pronounced the Takbir,

3:06 some pronounced the Tahmid,

3:08 some pronounced the Tahlil,

3:10 and so on.

3:12 He said:

3:13 "Yet the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) adhered strictly to his own Talbiyah."

3:17 Jabir said:

3:19 "We intended nothing but Hajj;

3:21 we were not thinking of 'Umrah,"

3:23 meaning combined with Hajj.

3:25 "Until, when we arrived at the House with him,

3:27 he touched the Corner,

3:29 then walked briskly (ramal) for three circuits and walked normally for four.

3:32 Then he proceeded to the Station of Ibrahim (peace be upon him),

3:36 and recited:

3:38 “And when We made the House (at Makka) a resort for mankind and sanctuary, (saying): Take as your place of worship the place where Abraham stood (to pray). And We imposed a duty upon Abraham and Ishmael, (saying): Purify My house for those who go around and those who meditate therein and those who bow down and prostrate themselves (in worship).” (2:125)

3:42 He placed the Station between himself and the House.

3:45 My father used to say—

3:48 and I know he only narrated it from the Prophet (peace be upon him)—

3:53 that he used to recite in those two rak'ahs:

3:56 “Say: He is Allah, the One!” (112:1)

3:58 and 'Say, O disbelievers...' (Surah al-Kafirun).

4:01 Then he returned to the Corner and touched it,

4:04 after which he went out through the gate toward al-Safa.

4:07 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) drew near al-Safa, he recited:

4:12 “Lo! (the mountains) As-Safa and Al-Marwah are among the indications of Allah. It is therefore no sin for him who is on pilgrimage to the House (of Allah) or visiteth it, to go around them (as the pagan custom is). And he who doeth good of his own accord, (for him) lo! Allah is Responsive, Aware.” (2:158)

4:16 the verse,

4:18 and then said: 'I begin with that which Allah began with.'

4:22 So he began with al-Safa,

4:24 ascending it until he could see the House.

4:27 He faced the Qiblah, proclaimed the oneness of Allah, magnified Him,

4:30 and said: 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner.

4:35 “All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah; unto Him belongeth Sovereignty and unto Him belongeth praise, and He is Able to do all things.” (64:1)

4:38 And He is over all things competent.

4:41 There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone;

4:44 He fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His servant,

4:47 and defeated the confederates alone.'

4:50 Then he supplicated between that,

4:52 repeating such words three times.

4:55 Then he descended toward al-Marwah."

4:57 Many people today have abandoned this Sunnah,

5:01 for they simply walk straight toward al-Marwah,

5:04 and then return down to al-Safa,

5:06 traversing seven times between al-Safa and al-Marwah like this.

5:10 This contradicts the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

5:14 For the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

5:17 is far more deserving and worthy of being followed as much as possible.

5:22 He said: "Then he descended toward al-Marwah,

5:25 and when his feet reached the bottom of the valley, he ran,

5:30 and when the ground ascended, he walked,

5:33 until he arrived at al-Marwah.

5:35 He did on al-Marwah just as he had done on al-Safa,

5:38 until, at the end of his circuits upon al-Marwah,

5:42 he said:

5:43 'Had I known beforehand what I know now,

5:46 I would not have brought the sacrificial animals,

5:48 and I would have made it an 'Umrah.

5:50 So whoever among you does not have a sacrificial animal with him, let him exit ihram

5:54 and make it an 'Umrah.'"

5:57 The Hajj is of three types:

5:59 Ifrad,

6:01 which is performing Hajj alone;

6:03 Qiran,

6:05 which is combining Hajj and 'Umrah together;

6:08 and Tamattu',

6:10 which is performing 'Umrah during the months of Hajj,

6:13 then exiting ihram,

6:15 and subsequently entering ihram for Hajj.

6:17 The correct opinion among the scholars

6:20 is that the Prophet (peace be upon him)

6:22 performed Hajj as a Qarin.

6:24 The scholars have differed

6:26 over which of the pilgrimage rites is superior:

6:28 Ifrad,

6:30 Qiran,

6:31 or Tamattu'.

6:33 Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah

6:35 (may Allah have mercy on him) reconciled these views,

6:37 stating:

6:39 "Each of them holds merit.

6:41 Whoever performs 'Umrah during the months of Hajj

6:43 and then returns to his homeland,

6:45 it is better for him to perform

6:47 Ifrad for Hajj.

6:49 Whoever brings a sacrificial animal,

6:51 it is better for him to perform Hajj as a Qarin.

6:53 And whoever does not bring a sacrificial animal,

6:55 it is better for him to perform Hajj

6:57 as a Mutamatti',

6:59 just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded

7:01 his Companions to do."

7:03 Returning to the hadith

7:05 of Jabir:

7:07 Suraqah ibn Malik ibn Ju'shum stood up

7:09 and asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

7:11 is this for this year of ours

7:13 or forever?"

7:15 meaning the joining of 'Umrah with Hajj.

7:17 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah

7:19 (peace be upon him) interlaced his fingers, one

7:21 into the other,

7:23 and said, "'Umrah has entered

7:25 into Hajj"—repeating it twice—

7:27 "No,

7:29 rather it is forever and ever."

7:31 Meanwhile, 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)

7:33 arrived from Yemen

7:35 bringing sacrificial camels for the Prophet (peace be upon him).

7:37 'Ali found

7:39 Fatimah among those who had exited ihram;

7:41 she had put on dyed

7:43 clothes and applied kohl.

7:45 He disapproved of her doing so,

7:47 but she said, "My father

7:49 commanded me to do this."

7:51 He said: Later in Iraq,

7:53 during his caliphate, 'Ali

7:55 used to say:

7:57 "So I went to the Messenger of Allah

7:59 (peace be upon him),

8:01 inciting him against Fatimah

8:03 regarding what she had done,

8:05 seeking a ruling from the Messenger of Allah

8:07 (peace be upon him) concerning what

8:09 she had reported from him.

8:11 I told him that I

8:13 had disapproved of that in her behavior,

8:15 but he said: 'She spoke the truth,

8:17 she spoke the truth.'

8:19 He then asked, 'What did you say when

8:21 you assumed the obligations of Hajj?'

8:23 I said, 'I said:

8:25 O Allah, I enter ihram for that which

8:27 Your Messenger has entered ihram for.'"

8:29 It is recommended for a Muslim to specify the rite

8:31 and name it,

8:33 though this is not considered vocalizing

8:35 the intention (niyyah),

8:37 because the intention resides in the heart.

8:39 It is also permissible not to specify the rite,

8:41 If he were waiting for

8:43 a companion or one of the scholars,

8:45 he would say,

8:47 "I am here, in the same state as so-and-so."

8:49 For ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him,

8:51 did not specify the type of ritual,

8:53 but rather said,

8:55 "I am here, in the same state as

8:57 the Messenger of Allah."

8:59 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him,

9:01 "I have the sacrificial animals with me,

9:03 so do not exit the state of ihram."

9:05 Jabir said,

9:08 "The total number of sacrificial animals

9:10 that ‘Ali brought

9:12 from Yemen, and those brought by

9:14 the Prophet, peace be upon him,

9:16 was one hundred camels."

9:18 The minimum Sunnah

9:20 is for a Muslim to offer a sacrifice

9:22 consisting of a sheep.

9:24 If it is a camel, then this is

9:26 better.

9:28 And the greater the number, the better it is.

9:30 Jabir said,

9:32 "All the people entered the state of ihram

9:34 and shortened their hair,

9:36 except for the Prophet, peace be upon him,

9:38 and those who had sacrificial animals with them."

9:40 When the Day of Tarwiyah arrived,

9:42 they headed toward Mina,

9:44 and they entered the state of ihram for Hajj.

9:46 The Messenger of Allah,

9:48 peace be upon him, rode,

9:50 and he prayed in Mina the Dhuhr, ‘Asr,

9:52 Maghrib, Isha,

9:54 and Fajr prayers,

9:56 shortening them without combining them.

9:58 Then he remained there until

10:00 the sun rose.

10:02 He ordered a tent of hair

10:04 to be pitched for him at Namirah.

10:06 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out,

10:08 and the Quraysh did not doubt

10:10 that he would

10:12 stand at the Mash'ar al-Haram,

10:14 just as the Quraysh

10:16 used to do in the pre-Islamic era.

10:18 This is because the Quraysh

10:20 would not leave the Sacred Precincts,

10:22 and they called themselves the Hums,

10:24 meaning those who were zealous for their religion,

10:26 and they would never enter ‘Arafah

10:28 at all.

10:30 He said: The Messenger of Allah,

10:32 peace be upon him, proceeded

10:34 until he reached ‘Arafah,

10:36 and he found that the tent had been pitched

10:38 for him at Namirah.

10:40 He stayed there until,

10:42 when the sun had passed its zenith,

10:44 he ordered the Qaswa’ to be saddled

10:46 for him, and he came to

10:48 the bottom of the valley and delivered a sermon.

10:50 He said, "Indeed, your blood

10:52 and your wealth are sacred to you,

10:54 as sacred as this day of yours,

10:56 in this month of yours,

10:58 in this land of yours.

11:00 Beware, everything

11:02 from the affairs of the pre-Islamic era

11:04 is placed beneath my feet.

11:06 Then he, peace be upon him, said,

11:08 'And the blood feuds

11:10 of the pre-Islamic era are abolished.

11:12 The first blood feud I abolish

11:14 from our blood feuds

11:16 is the blood of the son of Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith,'

11:18 who was being nursed among the Banu Sa'd

11:20 when the Hudhayl killed him."

11:22 The Messenger, peace be upon him,

11:24 was establishing

11:26 that the affairs of the pre-Islamic era

11:28 had ended.

11:30 The blood feuds of the pre-Islamic era had ended,

11:32 and the first blood I abolish

11:34 is the blood of my cousin,

11:36 who is the son of Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith

11:38 ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib.

11:40 So he began with his own family, peace be upon him.

11:42 Then he said,

11:45 peace be upon him,

11:47 "And the usury of the pre-Islamic era

11:49 is abolished.

11:51 The first usury I abolish

11:53 is our usury,

11:55 the usury of ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib,

11:57 for it is all abolished.

11:59 So fear Allah regarding women,

12:01 for you have taken them

12:03 by the security of Allah,

12:05 and made their private parts lawful to you

12:07 by the word of Allah.

12:09 You have the right over them that they do not allow

12:11 anyone you dislike to tread upon your bedding.

12:13 If they do that,

12:15 then strike them, but not in a way that causes injury.

12:17 And they have the right over you

12:19 to their provision and clothing

12:21 in a reasonable manner.

12:23 I have left among you that which you will never go astray

12:25 after if you hold fast to it:

12:27 the Book of Allah.

12:29 And you will be asked about me,

12:31 so what will you say?"

12:33 They said,

12:35 "We bear witness that you have conveyed,

12:37 fulfilled, and given counsel."

12:39 He then pointed with his index finger,

12:41 raising it to the sky

12:43 and pointing it toward the people,

12:45 "O Allah, bear witness!

12:47 O Allah, bear witness!

12:49 O Allah, bear witness!"

12:51 Then the adhan was called,

12:53 meaning by Bilal,

12:55 then the iqamah was called,

12:57 and he prayed Dhuhr.

12:59 Then the iqamah was called,

13:01 and he prayed ‘Asr,

13:03 and he did not pray anything between them,

13:05 meaning the regular Sunnah prayer for Dhuhr.

13:07 Then the Messenger of Allah,

13:09 peace be upon him, rode,

13:11 and he positioned the belly of his camel,

13:13 the Qaswa’, toward the rocks,

13:15 which are near the Mount of Mercy

13:17 in ‘Arafah.

13:19 He kept the rope of the camel in front of him

13:21 and faced the Qiblah.

13:23 He remained standing

13:25 until the sun set

13:27 and the yellow light faded slightly,

13:29 until the sun's disk disappeared.

13:31 He had Usamah ride behind him

13:33 on the way to Muzdalifah.

13:35 He pulled the rein of the Qaswa’

13:37 until

13:39 its head touched the pommel of his saddle,

13:41 and he said with his right hand,

13:43 "Tranquility, tranquility!"

13:45 Whenever he came to

13:47 a hill,

13:49 he would loosen the rein slightly

13:51 until he reached Muzdalifah,

13:53 peace be upon him.

13:55 He prayed Maghrib and Isha there

13:57 with one adhan

13:59 and two iqamahs.

14:01 He prayed them together,

14:03 shortening them,

14:05 and he did not pray any voluntary prayers between them.

14:07 He rested until the dawn broke,

14:09 and he prayed Fajr when

14:11 the morning became clear to him,

14:13 with an adhan and an iqamah.

14:15 Then he rode the Qaswa’

14:17 until he reached the Mash'ar al-Haram,

14:19 faced the Qiblah,

14:21 and supplicated to Him, magnified Him,

14:23 declared His oneness, and proclaimed His greatness.

14:25 He remained standing

14:27 until it was very bright.

14:29 Then he departed before the sun rose,

14:31 in opposition to the Quraysh,

14:33 for he opposed them,

14:35 peace be upon him,

14:37 in going to ‘Arafah,

14:39 because they would not go to ‘Arafah,

14:41 as we mentioned earlier.

14:43 They thought that he

14:45 would stand at Muzdalifah like others,

14:47 but he departed to ‘Arafah,

14:49 and they departed with him.

14:51 Then, after that, when

14:53 he returned to Muzdalifah,

14:55 they thought he would remain until

14:57 the sun rose,

14:59 as the Quraysh used to do,

15:01 for they would remain in Muzdalifah.

15:04 But he left Muzdalifah

15:06 before sunrise.

15:08 He said,

15:10 "And he had al-Fadl ibn ‘Abbas ride behind him."

15:12 He was a man with beautiful hair,

15:14 fair-skinned, and handsome.

15:16 When the Messenger of Allah,

15:18 peace be upon him, departed,

15:20 A caravan of women passed by him.

15:22 Al-Fadl began

15:24 to look at them.

15:26 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, placed

15:28 his hand over the face of Al-Fadl.

15:30 So he turned his face

15:32 to the other side to look.

15:34 The Messenger of Allah,

15:36 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

15:38 moved his hand to the other side.

15:40 Until he reached the valley of Muhassir,

15:42 he moved slightly.

15:44 Then he took the middle path

15:46 that leads out

15:48 to the Jamrat al-Kubra.

15:50 Until he reached the Jamrah that

15:52 is by the tree, and he stoned it

15:54 with seven pebbles, saying the takbir

15:56 with every pebble among them.

15:58 He used a throwing motion.

16:01 Then he went to the place of sacrifice,

16:03 and he sacrificed sixty-three [camels]

16:05 with his own hand.

16:07 Then he gave [the rest] to Ali, who sacrificed

16:09 the remainder.

16:11 And he included him in his sacrificial offering.

16:13 Then he ordered that from every camel

16:15 a piece of meat be taken,

16:17 and it was put into a pot and cooked.

16:19 So he ate from its meat

16:21 and drank from its broth.

16:23 Then he mounted, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

16:25 and proceeded to the House [the Ka'bah],

16:27 where he performed the Tawaf al-Ifadah.

16:29 He prayed Dhuhr in Makkah,

16:31 then he came to the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib,

16:33 who were drawing water at Zamzam.

16:35 He said,

16:37 "Draw water, O Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib,

16:39 for were it not that people would overwhelm you

16:41 regarding your right to provide water,

16:43 I would have drawn water with you."

16:45 So they handed him a bucket,

16:47 and he drank from it, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (51) | Farewell argument

Transcript