Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (20)

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.

0:06 The Prisoners of Badr.

0:14 When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reached Medina,

0:18 he consulted his Companions regarding the prisoners.

0:21 Abu Bakr said,

0:23 "O Messenger of Allah,

0:24 these are our cousins, kinsmen, and brothers.

0:28 My view is that you take a ransom from them,

0:32 so that what we gain may grant us strength against the disbelievers,

0:36 and perhaps Allah will guide them

0:38 so they become a support for us."

0:41 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then asked,

0:45 "What is your view, O Ibn al-Khattab?"

0:47 He replied,

0:48 "By Allah, I do not share Abu Bakr's view.

0:52 Rather, I hold that you enable me to execute so-and-so"—

0:55 mentioning a relative of his—

0:57 "so I may strike off his head;

0:59 and enable 'Ali to deal with 'Aqil ibn Abi Talib,

1:02 so he may strike off his head;

1:04 and enable Hamzah to deal with so-and-so,

1:06 so he may strike off his head;

1:08 so that Allah, Blessed and Exalted, knows

1:11 there is no leniency in our hearts toward the polytheists.

1:15 These are their leaders, chiefs, and commanders."

1:20 Yet the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) inclined toward

1:23 what Abu Bakr suggested,

1:25 and he accepted the ransom from them.

1:27 On the following day,

1:29 'Umar said,

1:30 "I went early to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

1:33 and Abu Bakr,

1:35 and I found them both weeping.

1:37 I said, 'O Messenger of Allah,

1:39 tell me what makes you and your companion weep?

1:43 If I find cause to weep, I shall weep,

1:46 and if I do not find cause,

1:47 I will force myself to weep in empathy with you both.'"

1:50 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,

1:54 "I weep because of what your companions presented to me regarding taking the ransom.

1:58 Punishment was shown to me closer than this tree"—

2:02 pointing to a nearby tree.

2:05 And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, revealed:

2:08 “It is not for any prophet to have captives until he hath made slaughter in the land. Ye desire the lure of this world and Allah desireth (for you) the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty, Wise.” (8:67)

2:15 ﴿You desire the commodities of this world, while Allah desires [for you] the Hereafter. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.﴾

2:18 ﴿You desire the commodities of this world, while Allah desires [for you] the Hereafter. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.﴾

2:21 ﴿And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.﴾

2:24 ﴿Had it not been for a previous decree from Allah...﴾

2:27 “Had it not been for an ordinance of Allah which had gone before, an awful doom had come upon you on account of what ye took.” (8:68)

2:32 meaning: until he has subdued the land with decisive victory.

2:34 As for the decree that had already preceded from Allah, Blessed and Exalted,

2:38 it is the statement of Allah, Glorified and Exalted:

2:41 “Now when ye meet in battle those who disbelieve, then it is smiting of the necks until, when ye have routed them, then making fast of bonds; and afterward either grace or ransom till the war lay down its burdens. That (is the ordinance). And if Allah willed He could have punished them (without you) but (thus it is ordained) that He may try some of you by means of others. And those who are slain in the way of Allah, He rendereth not their actions vain.” (47:4)

2:46 That is because when the commander of the army captures polytheists,

2:50 he is given a choice among four options:

2:53 First, to execute them;

2:56 second, to accept ransom for them in wealth, in exchange for Muslim captives, or the like;

3:03 third, to grant them grace without compensation;

3:07 fourth, to enslave them among the Muslims.

3:12 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

3:15 accepted ransom from some of them,

3:17 and granted uncompensated freedom to others.

3:23 Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.

3:29 The Obligation of Fasting Ramadan.

3:34 In this year—namely, the second year after the Hijrah—

3:38 Allah, Blessed and Exalted, ordained the fast of Ramadan

3:42 in the statement of Allah, Glorified and Exalted:

3:44 “O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil);” (2:183)

3:49 “O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil);” (2:183)

3:57 ﴿...that you may become righteous.﴾

4:00 ﴿[Fasting for] a limited number of days.﴾

4:03 “(Fast) a certain number of days; and (for) him who is sick among you, or on a journey, (the same) number of other days; and for those who can afford it there is a ransom: the feeding of a man in need - but whoso doeth good of his own accord, it is better for him: and that ye fast is better for you if ye did but know -” (2:184)

4:08 ﴿...then an equal number of other days.﴾

4:13 ﴿And upon those who can afford it [with hardship]...﴾

4:16 ﴿...is a ransom: feeding a poor person.﴾

4:19 ﴿And whoever does good voluntarily,﴾

4:23 ﴿...it is better for him.﴾

4:25 “(Fast) a certain number of days; and (for) him who is sick among you, or on a journey, (the same) number of other days; and for those who can afford it there is a ransom: the feeding of a man in need - but whoso doeth good of his own accord, it is better for him: and that ye fast is better for you if ye did but know -” (2:184)

4:29 ﴿...if you only knew.﴾

4:34 “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) number of other days. Allah desireth for you ease; He desireth not hardship for you; and (He desireth) that ye should complete the period, and that ye should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that peradventure ye may be thankful.” (2:185)

4:39 ﴿...a guidance for mankind and clear proofs of guidance and criterion.﴾

4:45 ﴿So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it.﴾

4:51 Thus Allah, Blessed and Exalted, ordained fasting in this year.

4:56 Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.

5:02 The Conversion to Islam of 'Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi

5:06 (may Allah be pleased with him).

5:10 Following this crushing defeat of Quraysh at Badr,

5:14 'Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi sat with Safwan ibn Umayyah in the Hijr area.

5:20 'Umayr had a son named Wahb,

5:23 who was among those captured at Badr.

5:26 They discussed the calamity that befell the people of Mecca in this defeat,

5:31 and Safwan ibn Umayyah said to 'Umayr,

5:34 "By Allah, there is no good in living after them"—

5:38 meaning, life has no goodness left in it after their death,

5:40 for the particle *in* here functions as a negation,

5:43 as in the statement of Allah, Blessed and Exalted:

5:46 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

5:52 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

5:57 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

6:03 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

6:08 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

6:11 ﴿And they will not cease to fight you...﴾

6:14 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)

6:20 meaning: they will never be able to.

6:23 'Umayr said to him, "You have spoken the truth, by Allah!

6:26 By Allah, were it not for a debt I owe

6:29 which I have no means to settle,

6:31 and dependents whose ruin I fear after my death,

6:35 I would ride to Muhammad and kill him.

6:38 For I have a pretext against them:

6:40 my son is a captive in their hands."

6:43 Safwan said, "Your debt is upon me;

6:46 I shall settle it for you.

6:48 And your family shall be with my family;

6:50 I shall spare no resource in caring for them."

6:54 'Umayr, bound by his own words, said:

6:58 "Keep this matter between you and me secret."

7:01 Safwan replied, "I will."

7:04 Then 'Umayr took his sword,

7:06 prepared it, and set out until he arrived in Medina.

7:09 While he was at the door of the mosque making his camel kneel,

7:13 'Umar ibn al-Khattab saw him

7:15 while among a group of Muslims.

7:18 'Umar said, "This enemy of Allah, 'Umayr!

7:21 He has come for nothing but evil!"

7:24 Then he entered upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

7:27 and said, "O Prophet of Allah,

7:30 this enemy of Allah, 'Umayr,

7:32 has come girded with his sword!"

7:35 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

7:38 "Bring him in to me."

7:40 'Umayr approached,

7:42 and 'Umar seized him by his sword-strap,

7:45 grappling him tightly

7:47 so that he could not draw his sword,

7:51 and said to some men of the Ansar,

7:54 "Go in to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

7:58 sit near him,

8:00 and guard him against this wicked man,

8:03 for he is not to be trusted."

8:05 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saw him,

8:09 with 'Umar holding him by his sword-strap around his neck,

8:13 he said, "Release him, O 'Umar.

8:16 Draw near, O 'Umayr."

8:19 'Umayr offered the pre-Islamic greeting, "Good morning."

8:20 "Good morning."

8:22 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

8:26 "Allah has honored us with a greeting better than your greeting, O 'Umayr:

8:31 with *Al-Salam* (Peace),

8:32 the greeting of the people of Paradise."

8:35 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him,

8:39 "What brought you, O 'Umayr?"

8:42 He replied, "I came regarding this captive in your hands;

8:46 treat him well."

8:48 The Prophet asked,

8:49 "Then why is this sword around your neck?"

8:52 He said,

8:53 "May Allah curse these swords!

8:55 Have they availed us anything?"

8:58 The Prophet said,

8:59 "Tell me the truth:

9:00 for what did you really come?"

9:02 He said,

9:03 "I came for nothing other than that."

9:06 The Prophet said,

9:07 "No; rather, you and Safwan ibn Umayyah sat in the Hijr,

9:11 and you mentioned the fallen disbelievers of Quraysh in the pit of Badr.

9:14 Then you said,

9:16 'Were it not for a debt I owe and dependents I have,

9:19 I would set out to kill Muhammad.'

9:23 So Safwan assumed responsibility for your debt and your family

9:26 on condition that you kill me.

9:28 But Allah stands between you and your objective!"

9:31 'Umayr was astonished:

9:33 how could the Prophet (peace be upon him) know this matter?

9:38 'Umayr said,

9:39 "I bear witness that you are indeed the Messenger of Allah!

9:42 O Messenger of Allah, we used to

9:44 deny what you brought us

9:46 of news from the heavens

9:48 and the revelation that descended upon you.

9:51 But this matter

9:52 was witnessed by no one except Safwan and myself!

9:55 By Allah, I know that none could have informed you of it except Allah!

9:59 Praise be to Allah who guided me to Islam

10:03 and directed me along this path!"

10:05 He then bore the testimony of truth,

10:08 saying:

10:10 "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah,

10:13 and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."

10:16 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

10:20 "Teach your brother his religion,

10:23 recite the Qur'an to him,

10:25 and release his prisoner for him."

10:27 Meanwhile, Safwan back in Mecca

10:30 was eagerly awaiting news about the Prophet (peace be upon him),

10:34 saying to the people of Mecca,

10:37 "Rejoice over news that will reach you in a few days,

10:41 which will make you forget the calamity of Badr!"

10:43 Whenever a caravan arrived,

10:45 he would ask them, "What is the news of 'Umayr?"

10:48 Until a caravan arrived and he asked them,

10:51 "What is the news of 'Umayr?"

10:53 They replied, "He has embraced Islam."

10:56 Thereupon Safwan swore never to speak to him again.

11:00 'Umayr returned to Mecca

11:02 and remained there calling people to Islam,

11:05 and many people embraced Islam at his hands.

11:09 SubhanAllah!

11:11 He had set out to kill the Prophet (peace be upon him),

11:15 yet he returned as a caller to Allah, Glorified and Exalted.

11:31 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered into

11:34 treaties with the Jews in Medina.

11:37 Among those with whom he concluded treaties were

11:40 the Banu Qaynuqa'.

11:42 They were the most wicked and courageous of the tribes.

11:46 They resided within Medina in a quarter named after them,

11:50 the quarter of the Banu Qaynuqa'.

11:52 They were goldsmiths, blacksmiths, and artisans.

11:57 Their number of fighting men was seven hundred.

12:01 They were the first to break the covenant and the pact

12:04 with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

12:07 Abu Dawud recorded

12:09 from Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

12:13 When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, defeated

12:16 the Quraysh on the day of Badr

12:18 and returned to Medina,

12:20 he gathered the Jews in the market of the Banu Qaynuqa'.

12:23 He said to them:

12:25 "O assembly of Jews,

12:27 embrace Islam before a fate similar to that of the Quraysh befalls you."

12:31 They replied:

12:32 "O Muhammad,

12:34 do not let your victory over a group of Quraysh deceive you.

12:39 They were inexperienced and did not know how to fight.

12:42 If you were to fight us,

12:44 you would realize that we are the real men,

12:47 and that you have never encountered anyone like us."

12:49 Then Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, revealed,

12:52 defending His Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him:

12:56 "Say to those who disbelieve: 'You will be defeated and gathered to Hell,

13:03 and wretched is the resting place.'"

13:05 "There was for you a sign in the two armies that met:

13:11 “There was a token for you in two hosts which met: one army fighting in the way of Allah, and another disbelieving, whom they saw as twice their number, clearly, with their very eyes. Thus Allah strengtheneth with His succour whom He will. Lo! herein verily is a lesson for those who have eyes.” (3:13)

13:14 one fighting in the cause of Allah and another of disbelievers,

13:18 whom they saw as twice their own number by the sight of the eye."

13:23 “There was a token for you in two hosts which met: one army fighting in the way of Allah, and another disbelieving, whom they saw as twice their number, clearly, with their very eyes. Thus Allah strengtheneth with His succour whom He will. Lo! herein verily is a lesson for those who have eyes.” (3:13)

13:29 "Indeed, in that is a lesson for those of vision."

13:34 Ibn Hisham narrated in his Prophetic biography (Seerah)

13:37 from Abu 'Awn

13:39 that an Arab woman came to the market with goods of hers,

13:43 which she sold in the market of the Banu Qaynuqa'.

13:47 She sat down near a goldsmith,

13:49 and they pressured her to uncover her face,

13:52 but she refused.

13:53 The goldsmith went to the edge of her garment

13:56 and fastened it to her back

13:58 without her knowing.

14:00 When she stood up,

14:01 her private parts were exposed,

14:03 and the Jews laughed at her.

14:05 She cried out for help,

14:07 and a Muslim man rushed forward

14:09 and killed the goldsmith.

14:11 The Jews then rose up and killed the Muslim.

14:14 The family of the Muslim called for help against the Jews,

14:17 and a great conflict broke out between them in the market.

14:20 At that, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, arose,

14:24 appointing Abu Lubabah Ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir as his deputy over Medina,

14:29 and gave the banner of the Muslims to Hamzah Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib.

14:33 He marched with the soldiers of Allah toward the Banu Qaynuqa'.

14:37 When they saw him,

14:38 they fortified themselves in the strongholds within their quarter.

14:42 He besieged them with the most intense siege, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

14:46 in Shawwal,

14:47 in the second year of the Hijrah.

14:50 The siege lasted for fifteen nights,

14:53 and Allah cast terror into their hearts.

14:56 They surrendered to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

15:00 regarding their lives, wealth, women, and children.

15:05 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered them

15:09 to be bound.

15:10 At that point, the wicked 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

15:14 the head of the hypocrites, stood up

15:16 and insisted to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

15:19 that he not pardon them.

15:21 He said:

15:23 "O Muhammad, show kindness to my clients,"

15:26 for they were allies of the Khazraj.

15:29 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, remained silent.

15:33 He repeated his request,

15:35 but the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, turned away from him.

15:39 He then grabbed the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

15:42 and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him:

15:46 "Let me go."

15:48 "Woe to you, let me go."

15:51 The hypocrite said:

15:52 "No, by Allah, I will not let you go

15:55 until you show kindness to my clients.

15:57 Four hundred unarmored men and three hundred armored men

16:01 have protected me from the red and the black.

16:04 You would mow them down in a single morning!

16:06 By Allah, I am a man who fears the turns of fate."

16:10 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

16:14 "They are yours,"

16:15 and he granted them to him,

16:17 but he ordered them to leave Medina

16:20 and not to reside near him there.

16:23 So they departed for the Levant.

16:26 Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

16:32 The killing of Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf.

16:37 He was among the Jews most hostile and hateful toward the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

16:43 This Jew

16:45 began to lampoon the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions,

16:49 praising the enemies of the Prophet and inciting them against him,

16:53 until he traveled to the Quraysh.

16:55 He stayed with al-Muttalib Ibn Abi Wada'ah al-Sahmi

16:59 and began to recite poetry,

17:01 weeping in it for the companions of the pit—the polytheists who were killed.

17:06 He wanted to incite the people of Mecca to seek revenge.

17:10 There, the people of Mecca asked him:

17:12 "Is our religion more beloved to you, or the religion of Muhammad and his Companions?

17:17 And which of the two parties is more rightly guided?"

17:20 He replied: "You are more rightly guided."

17:23 He stood up and prostrated to their idols.

17:26 Then Allah, Majestic and Exalted is He, revealed:

17:29 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom a portion of the Scripture hath been given, how they believe in idols and false deities, and how they say of those (idolaters) who disbelieve: "These are more rightly guided than those who believe"?” (4:51)

17:37 "...and they say to those who disbelieve, 'These are more rightly guided than those who believe as to the way.'"

17:46 "Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed."

17:51 “Those are they whom Allah hath cursed, and he whom Allah hath cursed, thou (O Muhammad) wilt find for him no helper.” (4:52)

17:58 At that time, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

18:02 "Who will deal with Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf?

18:05 For he has harmed Allah and His Messenger."

18:08 Muhammad Ibn Maslamah stood up

18:10 and said: "I will, O Messenger of Allah.

18:13 Do you wish for me to kill him?"

18:16 He said: "Yes."

18:17 He said: "Then permit me to say something."

18:21 He said: "Say it."

18:24 Muhammad Ibn Maslamah went to him

18:26 and said: "This man has asked us for charity,

18:31 and he has burdened us."

18:33 Ka'b said: "By Allah, you will grow weary of him."

18:37 Muhammad Ibn Maslamah said:

18:40 "We have followed him,

18:42 and we do not like to abandon him

18:43 until we see what his affair becomes.

18:47 We wanted you to lend us a wasq or two of grain."

18:51 Ka'b said:

18:53 "Yes,

18:54 but give me a pledge."

18:55 Ibn Maslamah said:

18:57 "What do you want?"

18:59 He said:

19:00 "Pledge your women to me."

19:03 He said:

19:04 "How can we pledge our women to you,

19:06 when you are the most handsome of the Arabs?"

19:08 He said:

19:09 "Then pledge your sons to me."

19:11 He said:

19:12 "How can we pledge our sons to you,

19:15 so that one of them might be insulted

19:17 and it be said:

19:18 'He was pledged for a wasq or two of grain'?

19:21 That would be a disgrace for us.

19:23 But we will pledge our armor to you,"

19:25 meaning weapons.

19:27 Ka'b said:

19:28 "I will do that."

19:29 Abu Na'ilah did the same with Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf.

19:34 He came to him, accompanied by some of his companions.

19:37 Abu Na'ilah said:

19:39 "O Ibn al-Ashraf, would you like to walk to the mountain pass of al-'Ajuz

19:44 so we can talk for the rest of the night?"

19:47 He said:

19:48 "If you wish."

19:49 Abu Na'ilah said:

19:51 "I have never seen you more pleasant or fragrant than tonight."

19:55 Ka'b felt proud of what he heard.

19:57 Abu Na'ilah said to him:

20:00 "Will you permit me to smell your head?"

20:03 He said: "Yes."

20:04 He put his hand into his hair, then gripped his head and said:

20:09 "Seize the enemy of Allah!"

20:11 And they killed him.

20:13 Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (20) | Prisoners of Badr

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