Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 42 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (42) | Siege of Taif and defeat of Thaqif
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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The defeat of the Thaqif tribe.
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The battle concluded.
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The Muslims emerged victorious at its end.
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It happened just as the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had foretold.
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That they would be victorious.
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Most of the Thaqif fled to Ta'if.
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Some went to a place called Nakhlah.
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And a group went to a place called Awtas.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, sent a detachment to Awtas.
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Led by Abu 'Amir al-Ash'ari.
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Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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When the Prophet, peace be upon him, finished the campaign of Hunayn,
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He dispatched Abu 'Amir with an army to Awtas.
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He killed Durayd ibn al-Simmah.
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And Allah defeated his companions.
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He sent me along with Abu 'Amir.
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A man from the Jusham tribe shot him with an arrow.
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It lodged firmly in his knee.
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I said, "O uncle, who shot you?"
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He pointed to him and said,
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"That is the one who killed me [with that shot]."
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Abu Musa said:
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I pursued him and caught up with him.
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When he saw me, he fled.
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I followed him.
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I began saying to him,
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"Are you not ashamed? Will you not stand and fight?"
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He stopped.
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We exchanged two sword strikes.
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I killed him.
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Then I said to Abu 'Amir,
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"Allah has killed your assailant."
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He said,
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"Pull this arrow out."
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I pulled it out.
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Water [fluid] flowed from it.
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He said,
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"O son of my brother,
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Convey my greetings to the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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And ask him to seek forgiveness for me."
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Then Abu 'Amir appointed me as his successor over the people.
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I returned and entered upon the Prophet, peace be upon him, in his house.
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He was on a bed made of woven palm fibers.
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With a mattress over it.
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The bed had left marks on his back and side.
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I informed him of our news and the news of Abu 'Amir.
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And I told him what Abu 'Amir had said.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, called for water.
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He performed ablution.
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Then he raised his hands and said,
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"O Allah, forgive your servant Abu 'Amir."
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I saw the whiteness of his armpits,
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Meaning he raised his hands very high.
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Then he said,
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"O Allah, make him on the Day of Resurrection above many of Your creation among the people."
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Abu Musa said:
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"And for me, seek forgiveness."
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He said,
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"O Allah, forgive 'Abdullah ibn Qays his sins,
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And admit him to a noble entrance on the Day of Resurrection."
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Abu Burdah ibn Abi Musa said:
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One of these was for Abu 'Amir,
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And the other for Abu Musa.
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Meaning the supplication that the Prophet, peace be upon him, made.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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Some etiquette of supplication.
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His statement:
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"He called for water and performed ablution,"
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"Then raised his hands,"
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Indicates several matters.
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Among them:
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First,
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That the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to supplicate for his Companions,
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Especially when they requested it of him.
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Second,
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It indicates that it is the Sunnah, if one wishes to remember Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He,
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Through supplication or otherwise,
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To perform ablution.
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Third,
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It indicates that the Sunnah in supplication is to raise the hands.
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Fourth,
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The permissibility of requesting supplication from others.
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This first group
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Pursued the polytheists to Awtas.
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And the second group
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Pursued those who took the path to Nakhlah.
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They caught whom they caught and killed them.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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Collecting the spoils and the siege of Ta'if.
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As for the spoils,
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They were something extraordinary.
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They reached six thousand captives,
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Twenty-four thousand camels,
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Forty thousand sheep,
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And four thousand ounces of silver.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered them to be collected.
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Then he held all the spoils in al-Ji'ranah.
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He did not distribute them until he went to Ta'if, peace be upon him.
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Among the captives was
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al-Shayma',
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The Prophet's sister through nursing.
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The polytheists entered Ta'if under the leadership of Malik ibn 'Awf.
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And they fortified themselves within it.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, followed them and besieged them.
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The siege lasted forty days.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, set up, as is well known,
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A catapult against the people of Ta'if and struck them with it.
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Then a herald for the Prophet, peace be upon him, called out,
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Meaning: Any slave who descends from the fortress and comes out to us is free.
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Twenty-three slaves came out to him.
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Among them was Abu Bakrah al-Thaqafi.
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The people of the fortress had prepared for this.
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They had enough supplies to last them a year, as it is said.
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At that point, the Prophet, peace be upon him, announced to the people:
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"We are departing tomorrow, if Allah wills."
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This weighed heavily upon them.
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They said, "O Messenger of Allah,
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Are we leaving without conquering the fortress?"
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"How can that be?"
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, said,
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"Set out for battle in the morning."
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They went out to battle and sustained injuries.
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Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said,
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"We are departing tomorrow."
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They were pleased with that.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, smiled.
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It was said, "O Messenger of Allah,
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Supplicate against the Thaqif."
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He said,
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"O Allah, guide the Thaqif and bring them [to Islam]."
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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The conversion of 'Urwah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him.
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When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned from Ta'if,
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'Urwah ibn Mas'ud came to him,
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Followed him, and accepted Islam.
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This 'Urwah
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Is the one who came to the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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And spoke with him shortly before the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
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He is the one who said after returning to the people of Makkah:
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"I have entered upon the kings of Persia and Rome,
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And I have entered upon the companions of the Negus in his kingdom and others,
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Yet I have never seen anyone revere anyone
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As the companions of Muhammad revere Muhammad, peace be upon him."
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, departed from Ta'if,
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'Urwah ibn Mas'ud followed his tracks,
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Until he caught up with him before he entered Madinah.
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He accepted Islam.
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He asked him to return to his people with Islam.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said,
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"Are you not afraid that your people will kill you?"
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, knew they had a pride that would resist.
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'Urwah said,
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"O Messenger of Allah,
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I am dearer to them than their own firstborns."
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He was indeed beloved and obeyed among them.
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So he went out calling his people to Islam,
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Hoping they would not oppose him,
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Due to his status among them.
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When he appeared to them on an upper room of his,
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Having called them to Islam,
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And having openly displayed his religion to them,
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They shot him with arrows from every direction.
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An arrow struck him and killed him.
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It was said to 'Urwah,
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"What do you think of your blood?"
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He said,
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"It is an honor Allah has bestowed upon me,
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And a martyrdom that Allah has driven toward me.
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There is nothing in me but what is in the martyrs
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Who were killed with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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Before he departed from you.
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So bury me with them."
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And they buried him with them.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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Distribution of the spoils.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, returned
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From the siege of the Thaqif in Ta'if to al-Ji'ranah.
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He stayed there for over ten nights without distributing the spoils,
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Waiting for the Hawazin to come in repentance,
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So he could return their wealth to them.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, gave
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Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
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Forty ounces and one hundred camels.
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He gave Hakim ibn Hizam one hundred camels.
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He gave Safwan ibn Umayyah one hundred camels,
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Then another hundred, then another hundred.
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He gave al-Harith ibn Kaldah one hundred camels.
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He gave others fifty camels each.
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All of this was to reconcile their hearts.
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Some of them were Muslims who had accepted Islam at the Conquest,
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And some were those who still remained in polytheism.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, used to
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Reconcile them with this wealth.
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He gave some fifty and others forty,
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According to their status among their people.
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The Bedouins crowded around him, demanding wealth.
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They pressed him back against a tree.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"O people, by Him in whose hand is my soul,
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if I possessed as many sheep as the trees of Tihamah,
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I would distribute them all among you.
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You would not find me to be a miser, a coward, or a liar."
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"O people, by Allah, I have no share of your spoils,
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not even this much—pointing to a hair—except for the one-fifth,
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and even that one-fifth is returned to you."
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Al-Bukhari narrated to us the actions of some Bedouins
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toward the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said:
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Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, sent
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to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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some gold ore still in its raw, unrefined state.
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It had not yet been separated from its earth.
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He divided it among four men:
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'Uyaynah Ibn Badr,
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Al-Aqra' Ibn Habis,
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Zayd al-Khayl,
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and the fourth was either 'Alqamah
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or 'Amir Ibn al-Tufayl.
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A man among his Companions said,
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"We are more deserving of this than they are."
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This reached the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and he said:
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"Do you not trust me,
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when I am trusted by the One who is in heaven?
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The news of heaven comes to me morning and evening."
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Then a man stood up with sunken eyes,
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prominent cheekbones,
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a bulging forehead,
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a thick beard,
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a shaved head,
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and his lower garment tucked up.
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He said, "O Messenger of Allah,
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fear Allah."
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him,
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"Woe to you!
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Am I not the most deserving of all people on earth to fear Allah?"
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Then the man turned away.
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Khalid Ibn al-Walid said,
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"O Messenger of Allah,
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shall I strike off his head?"
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He said, "No,
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perhaps he is someone who prays."
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Khalid replied,
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"How many people pray and say with their tongues what is not in their hearts?"
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
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"I have not been commanded to pry into the hearts of people,
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nor to split open their bellies."
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Then he looked at him as he was leaving and said,
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"From the offspring of this man will emerge
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a people who recite the Book of Allah with their tongues,
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but it will not go beyond their throats.
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They will pass through the religion just as an arrow passes through its target.
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If I were to live to see them, I would surely destroy them as the people of Thamud were destroyed."
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Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said:
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I was with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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while he was stationed at al-Ji'ranah,
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and Bilal was with him.
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A Bedouin came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and said,
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"Will you not fulfill what you promised me?"
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He said to him, "Rejoice."
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The man said,
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"You have said 'rejoice' to me too many times."
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, turned
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toward me and Bilal, appearing as if he were angry,
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and said,
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"Accept the good news."
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"Do you two accept?"
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They replied, "We accept."
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Then a vessel containing water was brought,
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and he washed his hands and face in it,
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rinsed his mouth in it, and then said,
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"Drink from it, pour it over your faces and chests, and rejoice."
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They took the vessel and did as he said.
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Umm Salamah called out from behind the curtain,
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"Leave some for your mother!"
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So they left some for her.
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This is how the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, acted.
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As for those hypocrites,
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or those whose hearts faith had not yet entered,
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because of the harshness and harm they inflicted upon the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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they are the Khawarij,
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who rebelled against the Ummah of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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They do not care;
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they strike both the righteous and the wicked among them.
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[The text ends here].