Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 19 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (19) | The start of the Battle of Badr
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Treasures of the Seerah.
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The beginning of the battle.
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The Muslims lined up, and the idolaters lined up—
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three hundred and a dozen or so men
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against one thousand idolaters.
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Then three men from the people of Mecca stepped forward:
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'Utbah and Shaybah, the sons of Rabi'ah,
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and Al-Walid ibn 'Utbah.
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They separated from the ranks of the idolaters
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and requested a duel,
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calling out, "Who will duel us?"
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This was a form of warming up for combat
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that the Arabs used to practice.
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So three young men from the Ansar stepped forward to face them:
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'Awf and Mu'awwidh, the sons of Al-Harith,
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and 'Abdullah ibn Rawahah.
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When they met, the idolaters asked the Muslims,
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"Who are you?"
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They replied, "A group from the Ansar."
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The idolaters said to them,
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"Noble equals!
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But we have no need of you;
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we only want the sons of our uncles."
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Then their herald called out,
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"O Muhammad, send out against us our equals from our own people!"
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Whereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,
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"Stand up, O 'Ubaydah ibn al-Harith"—
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who was a cousin of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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meeting him in lineage at 'Abd Manaf,
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as he was from the descendants of Al-Muttalib ibn 'Abd Manaf,
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while the Prophet was from the descendants of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf—
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and he said, "Stand up, O Hamzah!
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And stand up, O 'Ali!"
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Thus he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) chose his own relatives.
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When they stood up and drew near to them,
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the idolaters said, "Noble equals!"
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So 'Ubaydah ibn al-Harith dueled 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah,
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Hamzah dueled Shaybah,
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and 'Ali dueled Al-Walid ibn 'Utbah.
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As for Hamzah, he killed his opponent;
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as for 'Ali, he killed his opponent;
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but as for 'Ubaydah, he and his adversary exchanged two blows,
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each striking the other a blow.
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Then 'Ali and Hamzah charged at 'Utbah
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and killed him, and they carried 'Ubaydah ibn al-Harith away while he was wounded,
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his leg having been severed.
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He passed away three days later (may Allah be pleased with him).
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Thus this duel ended.
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Quraysh became enraged at that,
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and they charged at the Muslims as one man.
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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood supplicating his Lord, Exalted is He,
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saying:
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"O Allah, if this band of Muslims is destroyed today, You will not be worshipped!
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O Allah, if You will, You will never be worshipped after this day!"
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He went to great lengths in his supplication,
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raising his hands so high that his cloak fell from his shoulders.
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Abu Bakr al-Siddiq placed it back upon him and said,
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"Sufficient for you, O Messenger of Allah!
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You have implored your Lord persistently."
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Thereupon, Allah (blessed and exalted is He) revealed to the angels:
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“When thy Lord inspired the angels, (saying): I am with you. So make those who believe stand firm. I will throw fear into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Then smite the necks and smite of them each finger.” (8:12)
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﴿I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved﴾,
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and Allah (blessed and exalted is He) revealed to His Messenger:
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“When ye sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): I will help you with a thousand of the angels, rank on rank.” (8:9)
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meaning that they were a reinforcement following one after another to assist you.
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dozed off
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for a brief moment,
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then he said,
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"Rejoice, O Abu Bakr!
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Here is Jibril, with dust upon his front teeth."
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And regarding them, His saying (Exalted is He) was revealed:
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“Allah had already given you the victory at Badr, when ye were contemptible. So observe your duty to Allah in order that ye may be thankful.” (3:123)
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“Allah had already given you the victory at Badr, when ye were contemptible. So observe your duty to Allah in order that ye may be thankful.” (3:123)
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﴿When you said to the believers, "Is it not enough for you that your Lord should reinforce you..."﴾
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﴿"Is it not enough for you that your Lord should reinforce you with three thousand angels sent down? Yes, if you remain steadfast..."﴾
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“When thou didst say unto the believers: Is it not sufficient for you that your Lord should support you with three thousand angels sent down (to your help)?” (3:124)
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“Nay, but if ye persevere, and keep from evil, and (the enemy) attack you suddenly, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels sweeping on.” (3:125)
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“Nay, but if ye persevere, and keep from evil, and (the enemy) attack you suddenly, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels sweeping on.” (3:125)
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﴿...your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels having marks of distinction.﴾
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“Nay, but if ye persevere, and keep from evil, and (the enemy) attack you suddenly, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels sweeping on.” (3:125)
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﴿And Allah made it not except as good tidings for you and to reassure your hearts thereby.﴾
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﴿And to reassure your hearts thereby.﴾
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“Allah ordained this only as a message of good cheer for you, and that thereby your hearts might be at rest - Victory cometh only from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise -” (3:126)
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came out
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from the doorway of the shelter,
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leaping in his armor and saying:
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“The hosts will all be routed and will turn and flee.” (54:45)
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﴿The assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs.﴾
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Then he took a handful of pebbles,
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faced Quraysh with it, and said, "May these faces be disfigured!"
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And he (peace be upon him) threw them at them,
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and there was not a single man among them but that some of what the Messenger of Allah threw struck him.
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What the Messenger (peace be upon him) threw struck him,
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and regarding this is the saying of Allah (blessed and exalted is He):
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“Ye (Muslims) slew them not, but Allah slew them. And thou (Muhammad) threwest not when thou didst throw, but Allah threw, that He might test the believers by a fair test from Him. Lo! Allah is Hearer, Knower.” (8:17)
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﴿And you threw not when you threw, but it was Allah who threw.﴾
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And the Muslims charged fiercely against the disbelievers,
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and victory was achieved.
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Treasures of the Seerah.
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Moments filled with lessons.
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'Umayr ibn al-Humam (may Allah be pleased with him)
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heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say:
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"By the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad,
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no man fights them today
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and is killed enduring patiently, seeking reward, advancing and not retreating,
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except that Allah will admit him into Paradise."
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And he was saying,
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"Stand up to a Paradise whose width is as vast as the heavens and the earth!"
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'Umayr ibn al-Humam stood up and said,
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"O Messenger of Allah! Fine, fine!"
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked,
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"What prompts you to say, 'Fine, fine'?"
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He replied, "Nothing, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah,
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except my hope that I may be among its people."
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
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giving him glad tidings, "Indeed, you are among its people."
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So he brought out some dates and began eating from them,
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then he said, "If I were to live
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long enough to eat these dates of mine,
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that would indeed be a long life!"
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So he threw away the dates, stepped forward, and fought
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until he was killed (may Allah be pleased with him).
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Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said:
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"While a man from among the Muslims
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was pursuing a man from among the idolaters
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ahead of him, he suddenly heard the crack of a whip
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above him and the voice of a rider saying,
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'Advance, Haizum!' He looked at the idolater
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ahead of him and saw him fallen slain. So the Ansari came
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and informed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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and he said, 'You have spoken the truth;
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that was from the reinforcements of the third heaven.'"
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And Abu Dawud al-Mazini
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(may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"I was pursuing a man from among the idolaters
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to strike him, when his head fell off
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before my sword could even reach him,
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so I knew that someone else had killed him."
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And a man from the Ansar came
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bringing Al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib as a captive.
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Al-'Abbas had marched out with the idolaters
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reluctantly, so he was captured.
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The Ansari said, "O Messenger of Allah, I captured Al-'Abbas!"
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Al-'Abbas said, "No, by Allah, this man did not capture me!
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I was captured by a bald man
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with the handsomest face,
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riding a piebald horse,
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and I do not see him among these people."
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The Ansari said, "I captured him, O Messenger of Allah!"
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,
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"Be quiet, for Allah supported you
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with a noble angel."
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'Abdur-Rahman ibn 'Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:
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"I was in the rank on the day of Badr when I turned around,
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and there on my right and on my left
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were two very young boys.
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One of them said to me, 'O uncle,
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show us Abu Jahl!'
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I said, 'What will you two do with him?'
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He said, 'We were informed that he reviles the Messenger of Allah
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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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If I see him, I will point him out to you.'
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One of them said, 'By the One in Whose Hand
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is my soul, if I see him, my person shall not part
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from his person until whichever of us is decreed to die first dies!' I marvelled
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at that. It was not long before I saw
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Abu Jahl moving about among the people,
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so I said, 'Do you see that man?
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He is your target whom you were asking about.'
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They struck him until they killed him,
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then they departed to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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He asked, 'Which of you
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killed him?' Each one of them
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said, 'I killed him.'
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,
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'Have you wiped your swords?'
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They said, 'No.' So the Messenger
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(peace be upon him) looked at both swords
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and said, 'Both of you killed him.'"
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"Both of you killed him."
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And when Abu Jahl fell,
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'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to him
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and said to him, "Allah has disgraced you,
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O enemy of Allah!"
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Abu Jahl said, "Is there any man higher than one whom you have killed?"—
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despite his disbelief and obstinacy,
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he was nevertheless among the brave men of the Arabs.
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Then Abu Jahl said,
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"Tell me, who has won the day?"
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He replied, "Allah and His Messenger."
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Then 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud stood up
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and placed his foot upon the neck of Abu Jahl.
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Abu Jahl said,
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"You have climbed a steep ascent, O little shepherd of sheep!"
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Ibn Mas'ud said,
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"So I severed his head at that point,
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then I took it to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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When the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw it,
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he said, 'This is the Pharaoh
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of this Ummah.'"
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'Abdur-Rahman ibn 'Awf (may Allah be pleased with him)
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was a friend of Umayyah ibn Khalaf in Mecca.
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On the day of Badr,
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'Abdur-Rahman ibn 'Awf passed by Umayyah ibn Khalaf
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while he was standing with his son, holding his hand,
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while 'Abdur-Rahman ibn 'Awf was carrying coats of armor
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that he had looted as spoils.
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When Umayyah saw him, he said,
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"Would you be interested in me? I am better than these coats of mail
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that you have with you."
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He replied, "I have never seen a day like today!"
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"Do you have no need for milk?"
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So 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf cast away the coats of mail
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and took them both by the hand, walking with them.
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Umayyah then said to 'Abd al-Rahman,
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"Who was the man among you marked with an ostrich feather on his chest?"
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I replied, "That was Hamzah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib."
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He said, "He is the one who wrought
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all that havoc upon us!"
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'Abd al-Rahman said,
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"By Allah, while I was leading them both,
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Bilal suddenly saw him with me—
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and Umayyah was the very one who used to torture Bilal in Makkah.
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Bilal exclaimed, 'The chief of disbelief!
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Umayyah ibn Khalaf! May I not survive if he survives!'
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'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf said,
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'O Bilal, they are my captives!'
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He repeated, 'May I not survive if he survives!'
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Then he cried out at the top of his voice,
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'O Ansar of Allah! The chief of disbelief,
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Umayyah ibn Khalaf! May I not survive if he survives!'
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'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf said,
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'So they encircled us until they forced us into a corner,
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while I was trying to defend him.
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Then a man struck with a sword from behind,
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and a man struck his son, who fell to the ground.
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Umayyah let out a scream the likes of which I had never heard before.'
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So I said, 'Save yourself!
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There is no escape for you,
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for by Allah, I cannot avail you against them in the least.'
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He said, 'So they smote them with their swords until
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they finished them both off.'"
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'Abd al-Rahman used to say, "May Allah have mercy on Bilal!
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My coats of mail were lost,
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and he bereaved me of my captives."
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.
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The Outcome of the Battle.
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Fourteen men among the Muslims were martyred in this battle:
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fourteen men,
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six from the Muhajirun
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and eight from the Ansar.
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A similar number of the enemy were taken captive,
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most of whom were leaders and chieftains.
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On the authority of Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him),
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the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
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ordered on the day of Badr concerning twenty-four
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men from the chieftains of Quraysh,
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and they were thrown into a filthy well of Badr.
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Then he (peace be upon him) walked back to it
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on the third day
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and stood over the edge of the well.
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He began calling out to them by their names and their fathers' names:
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"O so-and-so, son of so-and-so!
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O so-and-so, son of so-and-so!
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Would it not have pleased you to have obeyed Allah and His Messenger?
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For we have indeed found true what our Lord promised us; have you found true what your Lord promised you?"
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“And the dwellers of the Garden cry unto the dwellers of the Fire: We have found that which our Lord promised us (to be) the Truth. Have ye (too) found that which your Lord promised the Truth? They say: Yea, verily. And a crier in between them crieth: The curse of Allah is on evil-doers,” (7:44)
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'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said,
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"O Messenger of Allah,
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why do you speak to bodies that have no souls in them?"
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) replied,
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"By Him in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad,
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you do not hear what I say any better than they do,
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except that they cannot respond."
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What is well known among the scholars
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is that the deceased does not hear the speech of the living,
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except as reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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in his statement: "Indeed, he hears the thud of their sandals."
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As for after that,
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he is preoccupied with his own state.
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Their hearing here was a specific miracle
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granted to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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The first person to arrive with the news of the defeat of Quraysh
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was a man named Al-Haysaman
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ibn 'Abd Allah al-Khuza'i.
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They asked him, "What news do you bring?"
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He replied, "Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah was killed,
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as were Abu al-Hakam ibn Hisham,
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Umayyah ibn Khalaf,"
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and he enumerated a number of chieftains by name.
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When he began listing the nobles of Quraysh,
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Safwan ibn Umayyah, who was sitting near the Hijr, said:
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"By Allah, if this man is in his right mind,
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ask him about me!"
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They asked, "What happened to Safwan ibn Umayyah?"
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Al-Haysaman replied, "There he is, sitting in the Hijr!
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By Allah, I saw his father and his brother when they were killed!"
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In this manner, Quraysh received
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the news of the crushing defeat on the field of Badr.
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Among the anecdotes is that
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a man named Al-Aswad ibn al-Muttalib,
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three of whose sons were struck down on the day of Badr,
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desired to weep over them,
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but Quraysh had publicly forbidden wailing.
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He was blind,
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and during the night he heard the voice of a wailing woman.
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So he sent his servant boy, saying,
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"Go and see: has weeping been permitted?"
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because he wanted to weep.
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Weeping had been prohibited so that people would not be continually reminded of this calamity.
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He said, "Perhaps I may weep for Abu Hakimah"—
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meaning his son—
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"for my heart is burning within me."
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The boy returned and said, "It is only a woman
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weeping for a stray camel she has lost."
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Thereupon Al-Aswad ibn al-Muttalib recited:
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"Does she weep because a camel went missing,
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keeping her awake in sleepless distress?
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Then let her not weep for a stray camel, but rather
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over Badr, where fortunes fell short!
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Over Badr and the noble chiefs of its sons—
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of Makhzum and the kin of Abu al-Walid!
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Weep, if you must weep, over 'Aqil,
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and weep for Harith, the lion of lions!
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Weep for them all, without naming them one by one,
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though Abu Hakimah has no equal!
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Behold, men have come to lead after them
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who, were it not for the day of Badr,
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would never have risen to leadership!"
17:41
Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.
17:44
The Passing of Ruqayyah, the Daughter of the Prophet.
17:51
Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"The news of victory reached us just as we were leveling
17:59
the earth over Ruqayyah, the daughter of
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the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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after her passing.
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The Prophet (peace be upon him)
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had left me behind with 'Uthman to care for her,
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as she was gravely ill when
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the Prophet (peace be upon him) set out,
18:20
and he commanded 'Uthman to remain with her."
18:23
Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.