Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 22 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (22) | Heroics in the Battle of Uhud
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).
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Acts of Heroism at Uhud.
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Talhah ibn 'Ubaydillah, may Allah be pleased with him,
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defended the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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until his right hand was paralyzed.
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Qays ibn Abi Hazim said:
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"I saw Talhah's hand paralyzed;
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he had shielded the Prophet with it on the day of Uhud."
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And the Prophet, peace be upon him, said regarding Talhah:
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"Whoever wishes to look upon a martyr walking on the face of the earth,
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let him look at Talhah ibn 'Ubaydillah."
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Whenever the day of Uhud was mentioned, Abu Bakr would say:
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"That entire day belonged to Talhah."
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Abu 'Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, may Allah be pleased with him:
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the Prophet, peace be upon him, was struck in the cheek,
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and the rings of his helmet penetrated his cheekbone.
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Abu Bakr arrived along with Talhah ibn 'Ubaydillah,
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and Abu Bakr wanted to pull the helmet rings
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out of the face of the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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But Abu 'Ubaydah said:
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"I adjure you by Allah to leave it to me."
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So he took hold of it with his mouth,
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gently wiggling it back and forth
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out of reluctance to cause pain to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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Then he pulled it out with his teeth,
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causing his incisor tooth to fall out, may Allah be pleased with him.
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When Abu 'Ubaydah's tooth fell out,
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the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
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"Tend to your brother,
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for he has earned Paradise,"
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meaning on account of what he did for the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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Abu Talhah, may Allah be pleased with him:
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Anas said:
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"When the day of Uhud came,
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the people were routed away from the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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while Abu Talhah stood before him.
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Abu Talhah was a skilled archer who drew the bowstring with immense force.
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A man would pass by carrying a quiver of arrows,
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and the Prophet, peace be upon him, would say to him:
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'Scatter them for Abu Talhah.'
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, would look up to watch,
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while Abu Talhah was shooting,
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and Abu Talhah would shield the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and say:
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'May my father and mother be ransomed for you! Do not look up,
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lest an arrow from the enemy strike you.
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My chest before your chest!'"
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Abu Dujanah, may Allah be pleased with him:
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when the polytheists aimed to kill the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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Abu Dujanah stood and shielded the Prophet with his back,
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meaning he embraced the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and made his own back a target for the arrows.
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Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, revealed regarding this battle
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verses in Surah Al 'Imran:
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﴾And Allah had certainly fulfilled His promise to you,
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when you were eradicating them by His permission...﴿
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“Allah verily made good His promise unto you when ye routed them by His leave, until (the moment) when your courage failed you, and ye disagreed about the order and ye disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which ye long. Some of you desired the world, and some of you desired the Hereafter. Therefore He made you flee from them, that He might try you. Yet now He hath forgiven you. Allah is a Lord of Kindness to believers.” (3:152)
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“Allah verily made good His promise unto you when ye routed them by His leave, until (the moment) when your courage failed you, and ye disagreed about the order and ye disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which ye long. Some of you desired the world, and some of you desired the Hereafter. Therefore He made you flee from them, that He might try you. Yet now He hath forgiven you. Allah is a Lord of Kindness to believers.” (3:152)
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“Allah verily made good His promise unto you when ye routed them by His leave, until (the moment) when your courage failed you, and ye disagreed about the order and ye disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which ye long. Some of you desired the world, and some of you desired the Hereafter. Therefore He made you flee from them, that He might try you. Yet now He hath forgiven you. Allah is a Lord of Kindness to believers.” (3:152)
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“Allah verily made good His promise unto you when ye routed them by His leave, until (the moment) when your courage failed you, and ye disagreed about the order and ye disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which ye long. Some of you desired the world, and some of you desired the Hereafter. Therefore He made you flee from them, that He might try you. Yet now He hath forgiven you. Allah is a Lord of Kindness to believers.” (3:152)
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﴾...and He has already pardoned you...﴿
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“Allah verily made good His promise unto you when ye routed them by His leave, until (the moment) when your courage failed you, and ye disagreed about the order and ye disobeyed, after He had shown you that for which ye long. Some of you desired the world, and some of you desired the Hereafter. Therefore He made you flee from them, that He might try you. Yet now He hath forgiven you. Allah is a Lord of Kindness to believers.” (3:152)
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).
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The Heroism of Women.
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Typically, the heroism of men takes place on the battlefield,
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while the heroism of women is displayed outside of battle,
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through patience, steadfastness,
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and contentment with the decree and destiny of Allah.
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Nusaybah bint Ka'b:
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On the authority of Damrah ibn Sa'id, from his grandmother,
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who had been present at Uhud distributing water,
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she said:
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"I heard the Prophet, peace be upon him, say:
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'The stand of Nusaybah bint Ka'b today
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is better than the stand of so-and-so and so-and-so.'
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He saw her fighting that day with the fiercest valor,
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having tightly girded her dress around her waist,
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until she suffered thirteen wounds."
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A woman from Banu Dinar:
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Her husband, brother, and father were martyred at Uhud.
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When they told her:
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"Your father has died,"
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she said:
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"What has become of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?"
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They said:
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"And may Allah magnify your reward regarding your brother."
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She said:
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"And what has become of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?"
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They said:
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"He is, by Allah's praise, just as you would wish."
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She said: "Show him to me so that I may look at him."
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He was pointed out to her,
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indicating, "There is the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him."
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When she saw him, she said:
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"Every calamity after your safety is insignificant."
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This confirms the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him:
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"Whenever one of you is afflicted by a calamity,
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let him remember his calamity regarding me,
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for it is indeed the greatest of calamities."
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Thus, the greatest calamity ever suffered by all of humanity
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was the passing of the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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And this female Companion, may Allah be pleased with her,
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realized this reality:
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her father, brother, and husband were killed,
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yet she asked: "What has become of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?"
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They loved the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, with an immense love.
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As for us, since we did not see the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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demonstrating our love for him
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can only be achieved by following him,
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walking in his guidance,
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defending his biography,
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and spreading it among the people.
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This is indeed the duty incumbent upon us all.
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Seventy of the Muslims were killed,
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while thirty-eight of the polytheists were slain,
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or thirty-seven,
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according to differing reports.
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Whoever wishes to know what took place in this battle in general terms
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should read Surah Al 'Imran,
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from verse one hundred and twenty-one
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to verse one hundred and seventy-four,
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for it discusses this battle in near-complete detail
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and mentions some of its occurrences.
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).
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Did the Prophet, peace be upon him, kill anyone?
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Pursuing the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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was Ubayy ibn Khalaf, one of the disbelievers of Makkah, shouting:
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"Where is Muhammad? May I not survive if he survives!"
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The Companions said: "O Messenger of Allah,
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should one of us turn to strike him down?"
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But he, peace be upon him, said: "Leave him."
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When he drew near, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took
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the javelin from al-Harith ibn al-Simmah.
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When he took it from him,
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he shuddered with such vigor that the companions dispersed around him as hair flies from the back of a camel.
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Then he turned to face him and struck him with it a blow
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that caused him to roll repeatedly off his horse.
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He was carried away and brought to the people of Makkah,
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and they asked him: "What is the matter with you?"
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He replied: "By Allah, Muhammad has killed me!"
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They told him: "By Allah, you have lost your senses!
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By Allah, there is nothing seriously wrong with you."
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He said: "Indeed, he had told me in Makkah,
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'I will kill you.' By Allah, he has killed me!"
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And he died along the way.
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In Makkah, Ubayy ibn Khalaf had said to the Prophet, peace be upon him:
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"I have a horse that I feed every day;
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I will kill you while riding it."
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And the Prophet, peace be upon him, would say to him:
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"Rather, I will kill you, if Allah wills."
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Thus came to pass what the Prophet, peace be upon him, foretold,
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and the enemy of Allah, Ubayy ibn Khalaf, was killed.
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After the rumor spread that the Prophet, peace be upon him, was killed,
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the polytheists ceased fighting,
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and the Muslims also ceased fighting.
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).
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Summary of the Battle of Uhud:
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, initially wished to fight from within Madinah,
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but when the youth among the Companions insisted on going out,
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the Prophet, peace be upon him, marched out to Uhud,
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and the battle took place there.
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'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul turned back
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with a third of the army,
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leaving the number of Muslims at seven hundred after having been a thousand,
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while the number of polytheists was three thousand.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, commanded the archers not to leave their posts.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, offered his sword,
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and Abu Dujanah took it and strutted proudly with it.
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The polytheists were routed at the beginning of the battle,
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but then came the archers' disobedience to the command of the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and the tide of battle subsequently turned against the Muslims.
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Hamzah, the uncle of the Prophet, peace be upon him, was martyred,
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as were Anas ibn al-Nadr,
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'Amr ibn al-Jamuh,
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'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn Haram,
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and others.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, was injured in this battle,
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to the point that his lower right incisor was broken and his face was slashed.
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Ubayy ibn Khalaf attempted to kill the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and the Prophet, peace be upon him, killed him;
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he was the only person whom the Prophet, peace be upon him, ever killed.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, invoked both his parents for Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him,
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saying to him: "Shoot, may my father and mother be ransomed for you!"
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The rumor of the slaying of the Prophet, peace be upon him, spread.
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When the fighting intensified and casualties mounted among the Muslims, the polytheists sought to kill the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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Among those who defended the Prophet, peace be upon him, was a woman named Umm 'Umarah, Nusaybah bint Ka'b.
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A man named Mukhayriq fought alongside the Prophet, peace be upon him; he was a Jew who embraced Islam and fought alongside the Prophet, peace be upon him.
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The Prophet, peace be upon him, used to say: "Mukhayriq is the best of the Jews."
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah): Is the funeral prayer offered over a martyr?
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What is well known among the scholars, indeed almost conclusively established, is that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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did not offer the funeral prayer over the martyrs of Uhud; rather, he shrouded them in their own garments, except for those
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who had no garment, so they were shrouded in another, like Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr and Hamzah. The Prophet, peace be upon him, even said:
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"They will come on the Day of Resurrection with their wounds spurting blood;
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the color will be the color of blood, and the fragrance will be the fragrance of musk." 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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"Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr was killed, and he was better than me, and he was shrouded in a cloak: if
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his head was covered, his feet showed, and if his feet were covered, his head showed." He lowered his head
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and began to weep—that is, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, may Allah be pleased with him. The correct view
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concerning martyrs is that offering the funeral prayer over them is permissible. Such was the practice of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him:
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he would sometimes pray over certain martyrs and sometimes omit doing so, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah): Lessons derived from the Battle
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of Uhud. Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned the wisdoms, purposes, and benefits derived from it,
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among which are: first, showing the Muslims the evil consequences of disobedience and the ill fortune of committing
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the prohibition, following the archers' abandonment of their post where the Messenger of Allah,
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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had commanded them never to depart. Second: it is the norm of the Messengers to be tested,
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yet the ultimate triumph is always theirs in the end. The wisdom behind this is that had they been continuously victorious,
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those who did not truly believe would have infiltrated the ranks of the believers, and the sincere would not have been distinguished from
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the insincere; conversely, had they been perpetually defeated, the purpose of their mission would not have been fulfilled. Thus, divine
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wisdom dictated alternating between both states to distinguish the truthful from the hypocritical.
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Indeed, the hypocrisy of the hypocrites had previously been hidden from the Muslims, but when this event
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unfolded, the people of hypocrisy openly displayed their subversive deeds and words. What had been mere
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hints became explicit declarations, and the Muslims came to realize they had an enemy within their own homes, leading them to be prepared
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against them and guard themselves. Third: Allah Almighty says, "He is the One Who sent His Messenger
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with guidance and the religion of truth, to make it prevail over all religions, even though the polytheists dislike it."
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If there were only continuous defeat, this religion would never have prevailed, and if there were only continuous victory,
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the ranks would never have been sifted; thus, defeats alternate with victories until Allah, Blessed and Exalted, causes the entire religion to prevail
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across the whole earth. Fourth: the withholding of victory on certain
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occasions serves to humble the soul and break its vanity, so that
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a person does not succumb to arrogance and self-admiration; thus one is defeated at times and victorious at others,
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so that one realizes the entire affair rests solely in the hands of Allah, Blessed and Exalted. Fifth: Allah,
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Blessed and Exalted, has prepared for His believing servants elevated stations in the abode of His honor that
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their deeds alone could never attain; hence, He decreed for them trials and tribulations as a means to reach
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those heights. For had there been no jihad, the Muslims would never have attained al-Firdaws al-A'la
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with Allah, Blessed and Exalted; nor would the martyr intercede for seventy of his kin, nor
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be forgiven at the very first drop of his blood, nor be protected from the trial of the grave.
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Rather, Allah willed to elevate their ranks, and so jihad was ordained. Sixth:
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martyrdom is among the most exalted stations of the righteous allies of Allah, and so Allah, Glorified and Exalted, steered it
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directly to them. Seventh: He, Glorified and Exalted, willed the destruction of His enemies, so He decreed
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the circumstances through which they brought it upon themselves through their disbelief, insolence,
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and tyrannical harm against His allies; thereby He purified the sins of the believers
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and eradicated the disbelievers. There are undoubtedly further wisdoms, yet these are
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some of the lessons highlighted by Imam Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him.