Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 17 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (17) | Brotherhood between immigrants and Christians
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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The establishment of brotherhood between the Emigrants (Muhajirun) and the Ansar.
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Then, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, established a bond of brotherhood between the Muhajirun and the Ansar.
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This took place in the house of Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him.
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They were ninety men.
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Half of them were from the Emigrants (Muhajirun) and half of them were from the Ansar.
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He established a bond of brotherhood between them based on mutual support and consolation.
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And they inherit from one another after death, to the exclusion of other distant relatives.
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This continued until Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, revealed [the verses] after the Battle of Badr.
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And those who are related by blood are more entitled to one another [in the Book of Allah].
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Thus, the right of inheritance reverted to the relatives.
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The meaning of this brotherhood is that the prejudices of the pre-Islamic era should dissolve.
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There is no partisanship except for Islam.
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And that the distinctions of lineage, skin color, and homeland should fall away.
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The matter is one of taqwa (God-consciousness) and following the Sunnah.
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And when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, arrived in Medina
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He established a bond of brotherhood between ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf and Sa‘d ibn al-Rabi‘.
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Sa'd said to 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn 'Awf,
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I possess more wealth than any of the Ansar.
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So I divided my wealth into two halves.
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And there were two women in charge.
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Then consider which of the two is more appealing to you.
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So he named her, and then he divorced her.
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Once her waiting period ('iddah) has concluded, he may marry her.
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Then ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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May Allah bless your family and your wealth.
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Where is your marketplace?
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They directed him to the market of Banu Qaynuqa'.
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There is no heart but that it carries some portion of goodness and virtue.
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Then he continued his morning journey.
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Then he came one day, and there was a trace of yellow on him.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, then said:
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What is the matter, or what is the situation?
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He said, "I got married."
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He said, as if he were being driven toward it.
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He said, "Two date-palm trees of gold."
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Narrated Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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The Ansar said to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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Divide the date palms between us and our brothers, the Ansar.
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He replied, "No."
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They said, "Then you will be spared the burden."
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And we share the fruits with you.
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They replied, "Yes, we have heard and we obey."
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This also points us toward two specific matters.
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Firstly, the generosity of the Ansar.
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Just as Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, has said:
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And those who were settled in the home and [in] faith before them.
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They love those who emigrated to them.
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“Those who entered the city and the faith before them love those who flee unto them for refuge, and find in their breasts no need for that which hath been given them, but prefer (the fugitives) above themselves though poverty become their lot. And whoso is saved from his own avarice - such are they who are successful.” (59:9)
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“Those who entered the city and the faith before them love those who flee unto them for refuge, and find in their breasts no need for that which hath been given them, but prefer (the fugitives) above themselves though poverty become their lot. And whoso is saved from his own avarice - such are they who are successful.” (59:9)
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And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his own soul, it is they who are the successful.
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Secondly,
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The stance of the Muhajirun also becomes clear to us.
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This is because they did not take advantage of the kindness of the Ansar.
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For this reason, ‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn ‘Awf, may Allah be pleased with him, did not accept it.
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Sa'd ibn al-Rabi' presented
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The Muhajirun did not accept the offer made by the Ansar.
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That they should share their date palms with them.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah)
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The brotherhood established by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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For 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him.
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A particular narration became widely known in the history books.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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When he established the bond of brotherhood between the Emigrants and the Ansar
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He took the hand of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him.
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He said, "This is my brother."
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It has not been authentically established from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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anything of that nature.
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Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, said:
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As for the brotherhood established by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, between himself and ‘Ali—
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For there are scholars who reject that.
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And it invalidates its validity.
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His basis for that is
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That this brotherhood
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It was only legislated so that they might benefit from one another.
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And let them reconcile the hearts of one another.
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There is no meaning to the brotherhood established by the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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for any one of them
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Nor should one Muhajir abandon another Muhajir.
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Just as he mentioned the bond of brotherhood established between Hamzah and Zayd Ibn Harithah.
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Unless, of course, it pertains to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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He did not entrust the interests of Ali to anyone else.
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For he was among those whom the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to provide for since his childhood.
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During the life of his father, Abu Talib.
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Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and al-Hafiz al-'Iraqi have both explicitly stated this.
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However, nothing authentic has been established regarding this matter.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah)
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Treaties with the Jews
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Following that, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, concluded
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The treaties with the Jews
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Those who were living in Medina
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They had not yet entered into Islam.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, then established a covenant with them.
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Treaty
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He left them with absolute freedom regarding their religion and their wealth.
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He did not resort to a policy of banishment from Medina.
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Rather, He left them within it.
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During this period
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The Quraysh sent word to the Muslims, saying:
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Do not let it deceive you that you have migrated from us to Yathrib.
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We shall come to you and uproot you.
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And we shall utterly destroy you in the very heart of your own homes.
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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, kept vigil.
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He arrived in Medina at night.
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He then said
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I wish a righteous man from my Companions would stand guard for me tonight.
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She said
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And while we were in that state
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We heard the clanking of weapons.
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He then asked, "Who is this?"
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He said
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Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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What has brought you here?
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He then said
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A sense of apprehension for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, took hold of me.
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So I came to stand guard over him.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed for him.
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Then he went to sleep.
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This is among the ways in which Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, grants him success.
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Treasures of the Prophetic biography
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The commencement of the military expeditions.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to keep watch at night.
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until Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, revealed
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“O Messenger! Make known that which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord, for if thou do it not, thou wilt not have conveyed His message. Allah will protect thee from mankind. Lo! Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.” (5:67)
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, then poked his head out from the tent and said:
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O people
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They departed.
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For Allah has protected me.
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This demonstrates the intensity of one’s certainty in Allah, Majestic and Exalted is He.
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Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, had commanded His Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, to exercise patience and to refrain from retaliating against the polytheists.
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Until Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, granted permission for combat and defense.
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in His words, Majestic and Exalted is He.
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Permission has been granted to those who are being fought, because they have been wronged.
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“Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed Able to give them victory;” (22:39)
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And following this authorization from Allah to engage in combat
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The military expeditions began.
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And among these military expeditions was...
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The expedition of Nakhlah.
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This occurred in the second year after the Hijrah.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, dispatched ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh al-Asadi.
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To a place known as Nakhlah.
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Regarding the twelve men from the Muhajirun.
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Every two individuals would take turns riding a single camel.
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The Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had written a document for him.
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And he commanded him not to look into it until he had traveled for two days.
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Then he examines it.
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Then ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh set forth.
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Then he read the book two days later.
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And therein it contains
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When you examine this book of mine
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So proceed until you reach Nakhla, which lies between Makkah and Ta'if.
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He was lying in wait for the Quraysh caravan.
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And you learn from their accounts for our benefit.
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Then ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh said
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When he read the book, he said, "We hear and we obey."
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Then he informed his Companions of that.
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And he does not coerce them.
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So whoever desires martyrdom, let him rise to the occasion.
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And whoever dislikes death, let him return.
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As for me, I am rising to the task.
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They all rose to their feet.
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However, while on the way
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And Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas went astray.
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And ‘Utbah ibn Ghazwan [was given] a camel.
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The two of them would take turns riding it.
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So they both remained behind in search of it.
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And ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh set forth.
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until he arrived at Nakhlah.
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Then, a caravan belonging to the Quraysh passed by.
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They would carry raisins, tanned leather, and trade goods.
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Among them was 'Amr ibn al-Hadrami.
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And ‘Uthman and Nawfal Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn al-Mughirah.
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And al-Hakam ibn Kaysan.
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The Muslims consulted with one another and said:
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We are on the final day of Rajab.
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The sacred month
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For if we were to fight them, we would be violating the sanctity of the sacred month.
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And if we leave them, he will enter the Sacred Precinct.
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The sacred months are four.
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Three [days] in succession and one [day] individually.
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And the three are consecutive.
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They are Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and Muharram.
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And the One, the Unique, is Rajab.
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These are the sacred months, as they have been since Allah created the heavens and the earth.
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To this very day.
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Allah the Almighty says:
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“Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:36)
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Twelve months in the Book of Allah.
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“Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:36)
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Among them are four sacred months.
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That is the upright religion.
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“Lo! the number of the months with Allah is twelve months by Allah's ordinance in the day that He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred: that is the right religion. So wrong not yourselves in them. And wage war on all of the idolaters as they are waging war on all of you. And know that Allah is with those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:36)
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And fight the polytheists collectively.
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Just as they fight you all together.
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And know that Allah is with the righteous.
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They understood and grasped this caravan.
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On the last day of Rajab
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And Rajab is among the sacred months.
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And when they take what wealth they have and fight them
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They fought in the sacred month.
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And if they leave them, they will enter the Sacred City, Mecca.
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They fell into three categories.
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The first scenario
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is that they fight them during the sacred month.
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The second scenario
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is that they leave them until they enter Mecca
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and then fight them tomorrow during the permissible months,
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but in the sacred place.
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The third scenario
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is that they do not fight them during the sacred month,
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nor do they fight them in the sacred precinct.
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However, the caravan escapes and enters Mecca and is saved.
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The Quraysh disbelievers, as is known,
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had seized the Muslims' wealth,
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indeed they seized their homes and harmed whomever they harmed,
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and killed others.
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So, seizing the caravan was a form of reclaiming some rights.
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A person is entitled to reclaim their right from whoever wronged them,
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even if it leads to fighting.
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So the Muslims consulted.
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Then they agreed to engage.
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One of them threw a spear at 'Amr ibn al-Hadrami, killing him.
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They captured 'Uthman and al-Hakam ibn Kaysan.
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Naufal escaped from them.
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They brought the caravan and the two captives to the city of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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They had already set aside one-fifth of it.
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And that was the first fifth of the spoils of war.
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And these were the first two captives.
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And that was the first person killed in Islam.
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When they reached the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and informed him of what had happened,
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the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, disapproved of what they had done.
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He said:
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"I did not order you to fight during the sacred month."
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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, halted any action regarding the caravan and the captives.
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As for Quraysh,
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they began to speak ill of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions.
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They said:
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"He has made permissible what Allah has forbidden."
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And they engaged in much idle talk.
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Until Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, sent down revelation,
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defending the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions.
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Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said:
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“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
13:40
“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
13:48
“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
13:57
“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
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Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says to the polytheists:
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"You object to the Muslims for killing a man during the sacred month.
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And we agree with you that this action is not permissible.
14:13
But you, who criticize them for this,
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look at what you yourselves are doing.
14:20
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says:
14:22
'And hindering from the path of Allah,' meaning what you are doing.
14:27
“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
14:30
Meaning, and hindering from the Sacred Mosque,
14:32
and expelling its people from it.
14:35
This refers to the expulsion of Muslims from Mecca,
14:37
and their expulsion through threats and torture.
14:40
is greater with Allah.
14:43
“They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217)
14:45
Meaning, causing people to deviate from their religion is greater than killing them.
14:49
So this verse was among those with which Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, comforted the hearts of the believers.
14:56
It was as if Allah, the Glorified and Exalted, was saying to them:
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"These are not the ones who have the right to criticize you for that,
15:03
because their action is far greater than your action."
15:07
At that point, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, released the two captives
15:13
and paid the blood money for the slain to his relatives.
15:28
In the month of Sha'ban in the second year of the Hijrah,
15:32
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, commanded the change of the Qiblah
15:36
from Jerusalem to the Sacred Mosque,
15:39
saying:
15:43
"We have seen the turning of your face toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a Qiblah with which you shall be well pleased.
15:47
So turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque. And wherever you are, turn your faces toward it."
15:53
So he turned his face toward the Sacred Mosque.
15:58
And wherever you are, turn your faces toward it.
16:03
The Qiblah was changed during the Dhuhr prayer,
16:06
or during the 'Asr prayer.
16:08
And the majority hold that it was during the 'Asr prayer.
16:11
For the first to pray towards Mecca was Al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur, may Allah be pleased with him, at the second 'Aqabah pledge.
16:19
When they went out to Mecca, prayer time caught them, and Medina's location is between Mecca and Jerusalem.
16:27
So whoever wanted to pray towards Jerusalem had to turn his back to Mecca.
16:33
And whoever wanted to pray towards Mecca had to turn his back to Jerusalem.
16:40
So they prayed towards Jerusalem. As for Al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur, may Allah be pleased with him,
16:45
he prayed towards Mecca, and his companions were surprised by him.
16:50
When he finished the prayer, they said, "Woe to you, what have you done?"
16:55
He said, "By Allah, I disliked making this structure behind my back."
17:01
They said, "Woe to you, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prays towards Jerusalem."
17:09
He said, "I don't know." So they left him. When they reached the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, they informed him.
17:18
So the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, turned to him and said, "You were upon a Qiblah, had you been patient."
17:26
And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wished that Mecca would be the Qiblah.
17:32
And in Mecca, he would place the Ka'bah between himself and Jerusalem.
17:39
The narratives of the Seerah.