Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 52 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (52) | The death of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Treasures of the Seerah.
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The sermon of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on the Day of Sacrifice.
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Then, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delivered a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice.
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It was when the sun had risen high.
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He was mounted on a grey mule.
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The people were standing and sitting.
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He spoke as he had spoken the day before.
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Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delivered a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice.
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He said:
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"Time has completed its cycle as it was on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth.
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The year consists of twelve months,
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of which four are sacred:
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three are consecutive,
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Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and Muharram,
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and Rajab of Mudar,
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which is between Jumada and Sha'ban."
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He then asked:
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"What month is this?"
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We replied:
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"Allah and His Messenger know best."
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He remained silent until we thought he would name it by another name.
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Then he said:
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"Is it not Dhu al-Hijjah?"
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We replied: "Yes."
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He asked:
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"What land is this?"
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We replied:
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"Allah and His Messenger know best."
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He remained silent until we thought he would name it by another name.
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Then he said:
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"Is it not the Sacred City?"
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We replied: "Yes."
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He asked:
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"What day is this?"
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We replied:
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"Allah and His Messenger know best."
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He remained silent until we thought he would name it by another name.
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He said:
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"Is it not the Day of Sacrifice?"
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We replied: "Yes."
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He said:
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"Indeed, your blood, your wealth, and your honor are as sacred to you
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as the sanctity of this day of yours,
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in this land of yours,
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in this month of yours.
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You will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds.
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Do not return to being disbelievers after me, striking the necks of one another.
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Have I conveyed the message?"
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They said: "Yes."
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He said:
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"Let those who are present convey it to those who are absent,
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for perhaps some of those to whom it is conveyed
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will understand it better than some of those who heard it directly."
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In another narration, he said:
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"No criminal commits a crime except against himself.
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No father commits a crime against his child,
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nor does a child commit a crime against his father."
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"Indeed, Satan has despaired of being worshipped in this land of yours,
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but he will be obeyed in deeds you consider trivial,
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and he will be pleased with that."
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stayed the days of Tashriq in Mina,
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performing the rites, teaching the laws,
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remembering Allah, and establishing the Sunnah of guidance from the creed of Ibrahim, peace be upon him,
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and erasing the traces and marks of polytheism.
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He also delivered a sermon during some of the days of Tashriq,
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as Abu Dawud recorded from Sara bint Nabhana, who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, addressed us on the Day of the Heads."
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He asked: "Is this not the middle day of the days of Tashriq?"
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His sermon on this day was like his sermon on the Day of Sacrifice.
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This sermon occurred after the revelation of Surah an-Nasr,
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which is the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He:
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“When Allah's succour and the triumph cometh” (110:1)
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"And you see the people entering into the religion of Allah in multitudes."
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“Then hymn the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him. Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.” (110:3)
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This Surah was revealed to him in that place, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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On the day of departure, he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, departed from Mina,
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and he stopped at the Khayf of Banu Kinanah in al-Abtah.
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He stayed there for the remainder of his day and night,
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prayed Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha, and slept.
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Then he rode to the House (the Ka'bah) and performed the Farewell Tawaf.
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When he had completed his rites, he urged his mount toward the Prophetic city of Medina,
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to resume the rest of his life, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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Treasures of the Seerah.
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The death of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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Year 11 AH.
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When the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had completed
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the call to Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He,
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and the following verse was revealed:
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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Islam had encompassed the entire peninsula,
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and it began to spread beyond it.
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The signs of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, bidding farewell to life began to appear,
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and this was evident in several matters, most notably:
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That he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed I'tikaf in Ramadan of the tenth year
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for twenty days,
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whereas he used to perform I'tikaf for only ten days.
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Jibril reviewed the Qur'an with him twice,
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while he used to review it with him only once every year.
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He said during the Farewell Pilgrimage:
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"I do not know, perhaps I will not meet you after this year of mine."
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And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"Take your rites from me,
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for I do not know, perhaps I will not perform Hajj after this Hajj of mine."
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And there was revealed to him, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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Surah an-Nasr in the middle of the days of Tashriq,
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and in it, his own death was announced to him,
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as recorded by al-Bukhari
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from Abdullah Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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"Umar used to seat me with the elders."
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Abd al-Rahman Ibn Awf said to him:
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"You bring forward Abdullah Ibn Abbas,
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while we have children of his age or older."
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Umar wanted to show them the merit of Abdullah Ibn Abbas,
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so he asked them:
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"What do you say about the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He:
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“When Allah's succour and the triumph cometh” (110:1)
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“And thou seest mankind entering the religion of Allah in troops,” (110:2)
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“Then hymn the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him. Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.” (110:3)
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'Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance'?"
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They said:
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"Allah commanded His Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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when Allah completed the victory,
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to seek forgiveness from his Lord and repent to Him."
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Umar turned to Abdullah Ibn Abbas
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and asked:
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"And what do you say?"
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Abdullah said:
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"No."
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Umar asked:
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"Then what do you say?"
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Abdullah said:
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"This is the soul of the Prophet, whose death was announced to him."
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Umar said:
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"By Allah, I know nothing of it other than what Abdullah Ibn Abbas said."
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In Safar of the eleventh year of the Hijrah,
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the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, went out to Uhud
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and prayed for the martyrs,
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as if bidding farewell to the living and the dead.
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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when he buried the martyrs of Uhud,
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as we mentioned at the beginning of this blessed Seerah,
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did not pray over them.
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Some scholars said:
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"The prayer over them here means supplication."
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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
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when he ascended the pulpit:
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"I am your forerunner,
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and I am a witness over you.
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By Allah, I am looking at my Basin (Hawd) right now.
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I have been given the keys to the treasures of the earth,
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or the keys of the earth.
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By Allah, I do not fear that you will commit polytheism after me,
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but I fear for you that you will compete for it (worldly life)."
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He went out in the middle of the night to al-Baqi',
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which is the graveyard of Medina,
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and sought forgiveness for the people of al-Baqi' and said:
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"Peace be upon you, O people of the graves.
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May what you have reached be pleasant for you,
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compared to what the people have reached.
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If you knew what Allah has saved you from..."
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Tribulations approached like pieces of a dark night,
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the first of which follows the last,
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and the latter is worse than the former.
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At the end of the month of Safar of the eleventh year,
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on a Monday,
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the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, attended
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a funeral in al-Baqi'.
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When he returned,
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a headache seized his head,
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and the heat intensified above the bandage.
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His illness became severe.
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Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud said:
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"I entered upon the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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while he was suffering from fever.
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I touched him and said: 'O Messenger of Allah,
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you are suffering from a severe fever.'
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He said: 'Yes,
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I suffer from fever as two men among you would.'
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I said:
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'Is that because you have a double reward?'
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He said: 'Yes.
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No Muslim is afflicted with harm from illness or anything else,
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but that Allah removes his sins thereby, just as a tree sheds its leaves.'"
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"The most severely tested of people are the Prophets,
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then the righteous,
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then the best and the next best.
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A man is tested according to his religion;
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if there is firmness in his religion,
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his trial is intensified."
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Imam Ahmad recorded
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from Usamah Ibn Zayd, who said:
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"When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, became heavy (with illness),
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I descended, and the people descended with me to Medina,
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because they had gone out to raid the Romans.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had prepared them.
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When they heard about the illness of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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they were reluctant to leave,
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so they could be reassured about his condition."
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He said:
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"I entered upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and he had become silent and could not speak.
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He began raising his hands toward the sky,
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then lowering them over my face.
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I knew he was praying for me.
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The illness of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, intensified.
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This is because Allah, glory be to Him and Exalted,
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when He loves a servant, He tests him.
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The most beloved of people to Allah are the prophets,
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which is why their trials are made more severe,
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so that He, the Majestic and Exalted, may raise their ranks.
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As for those other than the prophets,
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He intensifies the trials of the righteous
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to expiate their sins,
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and likewise to raise their ranks.
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A Muslim should not wish for trials, nor wish to be tested,
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for he might not be able to endure them.
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Rather, he should ask Allah, Blessed and Exalted, for well-being,
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and if He tests him, he should ask for His help to remain patient.
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That is why the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
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"Do not wish to encounter the enemy,
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but if you do encounter them, then be patient."
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On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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Ali Ibn Abi Talib came out from the presence of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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during the illness in which he passed away.
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The people asked,
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"O Abu al-Hasan,
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how is the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, this morning?"
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He replied,
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"By the grace of Allah, he is recovering."
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Then al-Abbas Ibn Abd al-Muttalib stood up,
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took Ali by the hand, and said,
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"I see that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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will pass away in this illness of his.
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I recognize the faces of the sons of Abd al-Muttalib at the time of death."
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This was an instance of insight from al-Abbas,
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which is the strength of intuition.
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The illness of the Prophet, peace be upon him, began
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while he was with his wife Maymunah bint al-Harith, may Allah be pleased with her.
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When his condition became heavy, he began to ask,
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"Where will I be tomorrow?"
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We understood his intent,
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so he was permitted to stay wherever he wished.
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He then moved to the house of Aisha,
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because she was the most beloved of people to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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As in the hadith of Amr Ibn al-As, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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"I asked the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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'Who is the most beloved of people to you?'
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He said, 'Aisha.'"
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So he moved to the house of Aisha,
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walking between al-Fadl Ibn al-Abbas and Ali Ibn Abi Talib,
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with his head bound,
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his feet dragging,
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until he entered her house.
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He spent the last week of his life there, peace be upon him.
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Aisha says,
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"I used to recite the protective surahs over the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and blow over his body,
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and wipe him with his own hand, hoping for the blessing."
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On Wednesday,
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five days before his death,
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his fever increased,
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and his pain intensified,
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and he, peace be upon him, lost consciousness.
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He said,
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"Pour over me seven skins of water from various wells,
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so that I may go out to the people and give them my final instructions."
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Here, this number has a special significance,
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for many texts have come regarding it.
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Such as the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him:
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"Whoever consumes seven Ajwa dates in the morning,
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will not be harmed that day by poison or magic."
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And such as reciting the Fatiha over the afflicted seven times.
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said regarding it,
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"Its chain of narration is authentic."
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And such as the well-known ruqyah:
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"I seek refuge in Allah and His power from the evil of what I find and what I fear,"
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seven times.
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And such as the hadith:
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"Whoever says to a sick person whose time has not yet come,
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'I ask Allah the Almighty, Lord of the Magnificent Throne, to heal you,'
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seven times,
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he will be healed from that illness."
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Then add to that the seven circuits of Tawaf,
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the seven circuits of Sa'i,
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and the seven pebbles for the Jamarat,
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and much more.
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So the Prophet, peace be upon him, said,
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"Pour over me seven skins of water from various wells,
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so that I may go out to the people and give them my final instructions."
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They seated him in a tub,
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and poured water over him,
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until he began to say,
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"That is enough, that is enough."
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When he felt some relief,
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he entered the mosque with his head bound,
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until he sat upon the pulpit,
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and addressed the people as they gathered around him.
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He said,
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"May the curse of Allah be upon the Jews and the Christians;
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they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship."
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In another narration, he said,
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"May Allah fight the Jews;
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they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship."
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"Do not take my grave as an idol to be worshipped."
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This is evidence of the Prophet's, peace be upon him, concern
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for establishing the creed (aqidah)
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from the beginning of his mission to its end.
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For worship is not represented only by prostration
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to someone other than Allah, Blessed and Exalted.
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Worship is life itself:
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animal sacrifice,
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vows,
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circumambulation (Tawaf),
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striving (Sa'i),
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supplication,
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seeking aid,
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humility,
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fear,
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hope,
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piety,
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and reliance (tawakkul).
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Worship encompasses all of life.
17:10
Therefore, a Muslim must direct
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all worship to Allah, Glorified and Exalted.
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Allah the Almighty said, commanding His Messenger:
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“Say: Lo! my worship and my sacrifice and my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the Worlds.” (6:162)
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"To Allah, Lord of the worlds; there is no partner for Him."
17:29
And now, I am not speaking of the grave of the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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but rather of others far below him in status.
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What is done at their graves?
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They are circumambulated,
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sacrifices are made to these graves,
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money is paid to their caretakers,
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they are called upon instead of Allah, Blessed and Exalted,
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they are used as intermediaries, and their inhabitants are feared.
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What kind of religion is this?
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Worship must not be directed to anyone but Allah.
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Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said:
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"To Him is the true call,"
18:05
“Unto Him is the real prayer. Those unto whom they pray beside Allah respond to them not at all, save as (is the response to) one who stretcheth forth his hands toward water (asking) that it may come unto his mouth, and it will never reach it. The prayer of disbelievers goeth (far) astray.” (13:14)
18:10
"but those they call upon besides Him do not answer them with anything, except as one who stretches his hands toward water..."
18:16
“Unto Him is the real prayer. Those unto whom they pray beside Allah respond to them not at all, save as (is the response to) one who stretcheth forth his hands toward water (asking) that it may come unto his mouth, and it will never reach it. The prayer of disbelievers goeth (far) astray.” (13:14)
18:22
"And the supplication of the disbelievers is but in error."
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Then he, peace be upon him, descended and prayed the Dhuhr prayer.
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Then he returned, sat on the pulpit, and said,
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"I enjoin you to treat the Ansar well,
18:38
for they are my inner circle and my confidants.
18:41
They have fulfilled their duty,
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and what remains is their due.
18:45
So accept the good from those among them who do good,
18:47
and overlook the faults of those among them who err."
18:50
He said that people will increase in number,
18:53
while the Ansar will decrease,
18:55
until they are like salt in food.
18:59
So whoever among you is in a position of authority where he can harm or benefit someone,
19:03
let him accept the good from their righteous and overlook the faults of their erring ones.
19:08
[End of transcript segment]