Part of Treasures of the Prophetic Biography (series completed)
· Lesson 14 of 58
Treasures of biography | Sheikh Othman Al-Khamis | Episode (14) | Splitting of the moon
0:000:00
Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
0:00
In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
0:03
Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
0:06
The splitting of the moon.
0:13
Following this event,
0:17
another incident occurred for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
0:22
It is a remarkable event mentioned through successive reports (tawatur),
0:26
namely, the splitting of the moon.
0:29
The disbelievers of Quraysh asked the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
0:34
for a sign and proof of his truthfulness.
0:37
It was as if he had not yet brought them anything of that nature.
0:41
So they asked him, may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him,
0:45
to split the moon into two halves.
0:47
He said,
0:49
"Do you see that if Allah splits the moon into two halves for you,
0:52
will you believe?"
0:54
They replied, "Yes."
0:55
“How should we not believe in Allah and that which hath come unto us of the Truth. And (how should we not) hope that our Lord will bring us in along with righteous folk?” (5:84)
0:58
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, called upon his Lord, Blessed and Exalted is He,
1:03
and Allah split the moon into two halves for them.
1:07
When they looked at the moon and it was in two halves,
1:10
with Mount Abu Qubays between them,
1:12
they said,
1:13
"He has brought us magic."
1:16
One of them said,
1:18
"If he has bewitched you,
1:20
he cannot bewitch all the people."
1:24
"So wait for the travelers when they arrive."
1:27
When the travelers arrived,
1:30
they asked them,
1:31
"What is the most amazing thing you have seen?"
1:34
They replied,
1:35
"On such and such a night,
1:36
we saw the moon in two parts."
1:39
They said,
1:40
"He has brought great magic;
1:43
he has bewitched all the people."
1:45
This confirms the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, in Surah al-Qamar:
2:00
﴾...and they say, 'A continuous magic.'﴿
2:03
Meaning, a powerful magic.
2:06
Treasures of the Seerah.
2:11
The First Pledge of al-Aqabah.
2:17
We have previously discussed that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
2:20
invited some of the people of Medina,
2:23
and they believed in him and followed him.
2:26
Then, during the pilgrimage season of the twelfth year
2:30
of the Prophet’s mission,
2:34
the Ansar came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and pledged their allegiance.
2:40
Those who pledged allegiance to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
2:44
were Mu'adh Ibn al-Harith,
2:46
Dhakwan Ibn 'Abd al-Qays,
2:48
'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit,
2:50
Yazid Ibn Tha'labah,
2:52
al-'Abbas Ibn 'Ubadah,
2:54
Abu al-Haytham Ibn al-Tayyihan,
2:57
and 'Uwaym Ibn Sa'idah.
3:00
All of them were from the Khazraj,
3:02
except for Abu al-Haytham and 'Uwaym.
3:04
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, accepted the pledge,
3:07
known as the pledge of the women,
3:09
which Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, mentioned in His saying:
3:14
﴾O Prophet,
3:16
when the believing women come to you
3:19
pledging to you
3:21
that they will not associate anything with Allah...﴿
3:24
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
3:30
﴾...and will not kill their children...﴿
3:33
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
3:38
﴾...nor bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs...﴿
3:42
﴾...and will not disobey you in what is right...﴿
3:45
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
3:47
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
3:51
﴾...Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.﴿
3:56
This is how the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, would take the pledge from men.
4:01
'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
4:05
"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
4:09
'Come, pledge to me that you will not associate anything with Allah,
4:14
nor steal, nor commit adultery,
4:17
nor kill your children,
4:19
nor bring forth a slander you have invented between your hands and feet,
4:25
nor disobey me in what is right.
4:28
Whoever among you fulfills this, his reward is with Allah.
4:31
Whoever commits any of these things and is punished in this world,
4:36
it is an expiation for him.
4:38
And whoever commits any of these things and Allah conceals it,
4:42
his affair is with Allah;
4:44
if He wills, He will punish him, and if He wills, He will forgive him.'
4:48
He said: 'So we pledged to him on that basis.'"
4:51
Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent
4:54
Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr, may Allah be pleased with him,
4:57
to teach them Islam and invite others.
5:01
Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr succeeded brilliantly in his mission of calling people to Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He.
5:08
These are two stories of two men who embraced Islam at the hands of Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr,
5:14
and there was great good in their conversion.
5:35
As'ad Ibn Zurarah went out one day with Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr,
5:39
intending to visit the dwellings of Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal and Banu Zafar.
5:43
They entered a garden belonging to Banu Zafar
5:46
and sat by a well called Bi'r Maraq.
5:50
Some of the Muslims gathered around them,
5:54
and Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh and Usayd Ibn Hudayr,
5:57
who were the leaders of their people from Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal,
6:01
were still in a state of polytheism.
6:03
When he heard about this, Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh said to Usayd Ibn Hudayr:
6:09
"Go to these two men who have come to our territory to deceive our weak ones;
6:14
rebuke them and forbid them from coming to our dwellings.
6:18
For As'ad Ibn Zurarah is my cousin,
6:22
and were it not for that, I would have spared you this."
6:25
So Usayd took his spear and headed toward them.
6:29
When As'ad Ibn Zurarah saw him,
6:32
he said to Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr:
6:35
"This is the leader of his people who has come to you,
6:38
so be truthful to Allah regarding him."
6:41
Mus'ab said, "If he sits, I will speak to him."
6:45
Usayd came and stood over them, reviling them,
6:49
and said, "What has brought you to us to deceive our weak ones?
6:55
Leave us if you have any regard for your own lives."
7:00
Mus'ab said to him, "Will you sit and listen?
7:04
If you are pleased with a matter, you may accept it;
7:07
if you dislike it, we will refrain from what you dislike."
7:10
He said, "You have been fair."
7:12
Then he planted his spear and sat down.
7:15
Mus'ab spoke to him and recited the Qur'an to him,
7:19
and explained to him the religion of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He,
7:23
and how Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He,
7:26
sent Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
7:29
to bring people out of darkness into light,
7:33
from the worship of idols
7:35
to the worship of the Lord of all creation, Glorified and Exalted is He.
7:39
The narrator of the story said:
7:41
"By Allah, we recognized Islam in his face before he even spoke,
7:46
by its radiance and brightness."
7:49
Then Usayd said to them:
7:52
"How excellent and beautiful this is!
7:55
What do you do if you want to enter this religion?"
8:00
He told him, "Perform ghusl (ritual bath), purify your garment,
8:04
then testify to the truth,
8:07
and then pray two rak'ahs."
8:09
He stood up, performed ghusl, and purified his garment,
8:12
then testified and prayed two rak'ahs.
8:15
Then he said, "Behind me is a man
8:19
who, if he follows you, none of his people will remain behind."
8:23
Then he took his spear and returned to Sa'd and his people,
8:27
who were sitting together.
8:29
Sa'd said, "I swear by Allah,
8:32
he has come to you with a different expression than the one he had when he left."
8:37
When Usayd stood before his people,
8:40
Sa'd asked him, "What have you done?"
8:43
He said, "I spoke to the two men,
8:46
and by Allah, I saw no harm in them.
8:49
I have forbidden them,
8:51
and they said they would do as I wish.
8:54
I have also heard that Banu Harithah
8:56
went out to As'ad Ibn Zurarah to kill him,
9:00
and Banu Harithah will not kill As'ad Ibn Zurarah."
9:04
But this was how Usayd Ibn Hudayr, may Allah be pleased with him, acted
9:09
to provoke Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,
9:11
so that he would rise and defend his cousin, As'ad Ibn Zurarah.
9:16
Sa'd stood up, angry at what he had been told,
9:20
took his spear, and went out to them.
9:23
When he saw them looking calm,
9:26
he realized that Usayd only wanted him to hear from them,
9:31
just as he realized that no one was going to kill As'ad or anything of the sort.
9:36
He stood over them, reviling them,
9:40
then said to As'ad Ibn Zurarah:
9:43
"By Allah, O Abu Umamah,
9:45
were it not for the kinship between me and you,
9:49
you would not have dared to do this to me.
9:51
You come into our territory with what we dislike."
9:54
Mus'ab said to Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh:
9:57
"Will you sit and listen?
9:59
If you are pleased with a matter, you may accept it,
10:02
and if you dislike it, we will refrain from what you dislike."
10:05
He said, "You have been fair."
10:07
Then he planted his spear and sat down.
10:10
He presented Islam to him
10:12
and recited the Qur'an to him.
10:15
The narrator of the story said:
10:17
"We recognized Islam in his face before he even spoke."
10:21
Then he said:
10:23
"What do you do if you become Muslim?"
10:26
He told him the same as he had told As'ad,
10:29
and he did as As'ad had done.
10:32
When he returned to his people, he said:
10:35
"O Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal,
10:38
how do you regard my status among you?"
10:41
They said, "You are our leader, the best of us in judgment,
10:45
and the most auspicious of us in leadership."
10:47
He said:
10:48
"Then the speech of your men and your women
10:51
is forbidden to me
10:53
until you believe in Allah and His Messenger."
10:56
By evening, there was not a man or woman among them
10:59
who was not a Muslim.
11:02
Except for one man,
11:04
called al-Usayrim,
11:06
who embraced Islam on the day of Uhud.
11:09
Mus'ab remained in the house of As'ad Ibn Zurarah,
11:12
calling people to Islam,
11:14
until there was no household among the Ansar
11:17
that did not have Muslim men and women in it.
11:34
This was in the thirteenth year
11:36
of the Prophet’s mission,
11:40
when the Muslims from the people of Medina performed the pilgrimage,
11:43
numbering over seventy people,
11:46
among the pilgrims of their people from the polytheists.
11:49
The Muslims used to say:
11:52
"How long shall we leave the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
11:56
to be driven out in the mountains of Makkah and live in fear?"
12:00
Ka'b Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
12:03
"We set out for the Hajj,
12:05
and we had an appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
12:09
at al-'Aqabah during the middle days of Tashriq."
12:13
The night of our appointment with
12:16
the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, arrived,
12:20
and with us was 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram,
12:23
a leader among our leaders and a noble among our nobles.
12:27
We took him along with us,
12:29
and we kept our affair hidden from those of our people who were polytheists.
12:34
We spoke to 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram
12:38
and said to him:
12:39
"O Abu Jabir,
12:41
you are a leader among our leaders
12:44
and a noble among our nobles.
12:47
We truly desire better for you than what you are currently in,
12:50
lest you become firewood for the Fire tomorrow."
12:53
Then we invited him to Islam,
12:55
and we informed him of the appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
13:00
He accepted Islam and witnessed al-'Aqabah with us,
13:03
and he was appointed as one of the leaders (nuqaba').
13:06
Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
13:10
"We slept that night with our people in our camps,
13:14
until a third of the night had passed.
13:16
We slipped out of our camps for our appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
13:22
moving stealthily like sandgrouse, hiding our movements,
13:26
until we gathered in the mountain pass at al-'Aqabah.
13:29
We were seventy-three men,
13:32
and two of our women:
13:35
Nusaybah Bint Ka'b,
13:37
who is Umm 'Amarah,
13:39
and Asma' Bint 'Amr,
13:41
from the tribe of Banu Salamah.
13:43
We gathered, waiting for the Messenger, peace be upon him,
13:47
until he came to us, accompanied by his uncle al-'Abbas Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib.
13:52
Al-'Abbas was, at that time, still following the religion of his people,
13:56
yet he was the uncle of the Prophet, peace be upon him,
14:00
and he wanted to know what they intended to do with his nephew.
14:05
When the Prophet, peace be upon him, met with them,
14:10
the first to speak was the Prophet's uncle,
14:15
al-'Abbas Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib.
14:18
He said, "O people of Khazraj,
14:21
Muhammad is one of us, as you well know.
14:25
We have protected him from our own people
14:28
who share our opinion regarding him.
14:31
He is in a position of honor and protection among his people and in his city.
14:35
However, he has insisted on joining you and coming to you.
14:40
If you believe that you will be true to him
14:43
in what you have invited him to,
14:45
and will protect him from those who oppose him,
14:48
then you are responsible for what you have undertaken.
14:51
But if you think you will betray him
14:54
and abandon him after taking him out to you,
14:57
then leave him now,
15:00
for he is in a position of honor and protection among his people and city."
15:04
Ka'b said:
15:06
"We have heard what you said.
15:08
Speak, O Messenger of Allah,
15:10
and take for yourself and for your Lord whatever you wish."
15:14
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
15:17
"You pledge allegiance to me..."
15:19
They asked, "O Messenger of Allah,
15:22
upon what shall we pledge allegiance to you?"
15:25
He said, "To listen and obey, in times of energy and lethargy,
15:30
to spend in times of hardship and ease,
15:33
to enjoin good and forbid evil,
15:37
to stand firm for the sake of Allah,
15:40
and not to fear the blame of any critic for the sake of Allah.
15:43
And that you will support me when I come to you,
15:47
and protect me as you protect yourselves, your wives, and your children.
15:54
And for you is Paradise."
15:56
Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
15:58
"He recited the Qur'an,
16:00
called to Allah,
16:02
and encouraged us toward Islam.
16:04
Then al-Bara' Ibn Ma'rur stood up, took his hand,
16:08
and said to the Prophet, peace be upon him:
16:12
'By the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet,
16:15
we shall protect you just as we protect our own families.
16:19
So accept our pledge, O Messenger of Allah,
16:22
for we are, by Allah, the sons of war and the people of armor,
16:26
which we have inherited from our forefathers.'
16:29
Then Abu al-Haytham Ibn al-Tayyihan stood up and said:
16:33
'O Messenger of Allah,
16:35
there are ties between us and other men,
16:38
and we are going to sever them.
16:40
If we do that,
16:43
and then Allah grants you victory,
16:45
will you return to your people and leave us?'
16:48
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, smiled
16:53
and said:
16:54
'Rather, blood is blood,
16:55
and destruction is destruction.
16:57
I am of you and you are of me;
17:00
I will fight those you fight,
17:02
and I will be at peace with those you are at peace with.'"
17:05
In one narration,
17:07
Jabir said:
17:09
"We stood to pledge allegiance to the Messenger, peace be upon him.
17:13
As'ad Ibn Zurarah took his hand and said:
17:17
'Slowly, O people of Yathrib!
17:19
We did not travel here on the backs of camels
17:23
except because we know he is the Messenger of Allah,
17:26
and that taking him out today
17:28
means breaking ties with all the Arabs,
17:31
and it will lead to the killing of your best men,
17:33
and the swords will bite into you.
17:35
If you can be patient with that,
17:38
then take him, and your reward is with Allah.
17:41
But if you fear for yourselves,
17:45
then leave him,
17:46
for that is more excusable for you before Allah.'"
17:49
As'ad, may Allah be pleased with him, wanted
17:52
to stir up their love for the Prophet, peace be upon him.
17:55
They replied, "O As'ad, remove your hand from us,
18:00
for by Allah, we will not abandon this pledge,
18:03
nor will we ask to be released from it."
18:05
The Prophet, peace be upon him, accepted their pledge
18:08
and shook their hands, except for the two women,
18:11
for he never shook hands with a woman.
18:14
Then he appointed twelve leaders (nuqaba') over them:
18:18
nine from the Khazraj,
18:20
and three from the Aws.
18:22
As for the leaders of the Khazraj:
18:25
As'ad Ibn Zurarah,
18:27
Sa'd Ibn al-Rabi',
18:29
'Abdullah Ibn Rawahah,
18:31
Rafi' Ibn Malik,
18:33
al-Bara' Ibn Ma'rur,
18:35
'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram,
18:38
'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit,
18:40
Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah,
18:42
and al-Mundhir Ibn 'Amr.
18:44
As for the leaders of the Aws:
18:46
Usayd Ibn Hudayr,
18:48
Sa'd Ibn Khuzaymah,
18:51
Sa'd Ibn Khaythamah,
18:53
and Rifa'ah Ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir.
18:56
After this pledge was completed
18:58
between the Prophet, peace be upon him,
19:01
and the Muslims who pledged to him,
19:04
the devil shouted and said:
19:07
"O people of the mountain passes,
19:09
will you allow Muhammad and his apostates
19:12
to gather to fight you?"
19:15
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
19:19
"This is the devil of al-'Aqabah.
19:21
By Allah, O enemy of Allah,
19:24
I will surely deal with you."
19:26
Then he ordered them to return to their camps.
19:29
When the Quraysh heard this voice,
19:32
they came to the people of Yathrib
19:34
and said to them:
19:36
"O people of Khazraj,
19:38
it has reached us that you
19:40
have come to this companion of ours,
19:43
to take him out from among us,
19:46
and to pledge to fight us.
19:49
By Allah, there is no tribe among the Arabs
19:52
more hateful to us than that we should start
19:54
a war with you."
19:56
The polytheists of Yathrib said:
19:59
"By Allah, nothing of this happened,
20:02
nor did anything of this take place."
20:05
They began swearing by Allah
20:07
that nothing of this had occurred.
20:09
Then the people came to 'Abdullah
20:11
Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,
20:13
who was one of the elders of the Khazraj,
20:15
and he began saying:
20:17
"This is false,
20:18
this did not happen,
20:20
and my people would not
20:22
do such a thing
20:23
without informing me."
20:25
The Quraysh continued
20:27
to investigate and search for the news
20:29
until it was confirmed to them
20:31
that the news was true
20:33
and the pledge had been completed.
20:35
When the pilgrims departed,
20:37
their horsemen rushed
20:39
to the people of Yathrib,
20:41
but it was too late.
20:43
However, they managed to see
20:45
Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah
20:47
and al-Mundhir Ibn 'Amr,
20:49
so they chased them.
20:51
One of them escaped,
20:53
and al-Mundhir eluded them,
20:55
but they captured Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah.
20:57
They tied his hands to his neck,
20:59
and began beating him
21:01
and pulling his hair,
21:03
until they brought him into Makkah.
21:05
Then al-Mut'im ibn 'Adi came,
21:07
along with al-Harith ibn Harb,
21:09
and they rescued him from their hands.
21:11
This is because Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah,
21:13
one of the leaders of the people of Madinah,
21:15
[is among] the treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).