Part of Concepts of Ahl as-Sunnah (series completed)
· Lesson 1053 of 1251
Summary of Sunni concepts | Concept (1051) | Meaning of sedition
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Transcript
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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.
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The meaning of fitnah (tribulation/trial).
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The verb fatana, yaftinu, fatnan, and futunan.
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It means to smelt metal in fire to test it.
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And one says, "fatana fulanan" (he tested so-and-so).
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Meaning he tormented him to turn him away from his religion.
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And he tested him, casting him into hardship to put him to the test.
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The comprehensive definition of fitnah, as stated by al-Azhari in Tahdhib al-Lughah,
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Is trial and examination.
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Fitnah appears in the Qur'an with many meanings.
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Among the most important of these are:
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First: Fitnah in the sense of examination and testing.
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From this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
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“Do men imagine that they will be left (at ease) because they say, We believe, and will not be tested with affliction?” (29:2)
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Included in this are the trials of women, positions of authority, and calamities.
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Second:
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Fitnah in the sense of polytheism and disbelief.
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From this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
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“And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is all for Allah. But if they cease, then lo! Allah is Seer of what they do.” (8:39)
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And His saying, Mighty and Majestic is He:
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“And slay them wherever ye find them, and drive them out of the places whence they drove you out, for persecution is worse than slaughter. And fight not with them at the Inviolable Place of Worship until they first attack you there, but if they attack you (there) then slay them. Such is the reward of disbelievers.” (2:191)
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Third:
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Fitnah in the sense of torment.
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From this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
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"The Day they are tormented upon the Fire."
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Fourth:
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Fitnah in the sense of infighting and discord among people.
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This appears in the warnings of the Messenger, peace be upon him.
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Among these is his saying, peace be upon him:
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"I see the sites of tribulation falling among your houses like the falling of rain."
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Agreed upon.
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And his saying, peace be upon him:
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"There will be tribulations;
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the one who sits during them is better than the one who stands."
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The hadith.
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Agreed upon.
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Fifth:
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Fitnah in the sense of sin and misguidance.
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From this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:
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“Ye cannot excite (anyone) against Him.” (37:162)
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“Save him who is to burn in hell.” (37:163)
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If we reflect upon the aforementioned definitions and their types,
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we see that they are either a cause for falling into sin,
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or they are the sin itself,
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or they are what results from falling into sin,
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which is torment in this world and the Hereafter.
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The proper stance toward them
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is to abhor them and be wary of them.
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Al-Raghib says:
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Fitnah refers to actions that may originate from Allah the Exalted or from the servant,
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such as affliction, calamity, killing, and torment,
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and other such detestable actions.
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When it originates from Allah the Exalted,
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it is in accordance with His wisdom,
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and Allah the Exalted is praised for it.
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But when it originates from a human being without the command of Allah the Exalted,
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it is blameworthy.