Part of Concepts of Ahl as-Sunnah (series completed)
· Lesson 58 of 1251
Summary of Sunni concepts | Concept (56) | How did the nation deviate from the concept of ruling according to Sharia law?
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Transcript
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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.
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How the Ummah deviated from the concept of governance by Sharia.
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Muslims became heedless of the words of Allah the Exalted.
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“(Saying): Follow that which is sent down unto you from your Lord, and follow no protecting friends beside Him. Little do ye recollect!” (7:3)
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Little do you remember.
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And heedless of the great foundational principle of Tawhid:
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"There is no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator."
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Consequently, they diverted the worship of obedience and following—or a portion of it—
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Toward rulers and authorities,
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Toward fanatical scholars of the schools of fiqh,
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And toward the shaykhs of Sufi orders,
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In addition to the hypocrites,
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For whom the atmosphere was prepared by the ignorance and naivety that dominated the Ummah.
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We can identify four primary reasons for this deviation from governance by Sharia:
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They are:
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First:
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Stagnation and the closing of the door of ijtihad in fiqh since the fourth century AH,
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Which led to confusion in passing judgment on new emerging issues.
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Second:
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The erroneous concept of worship,
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Which restricts it to ritual acts of devotion,
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Such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, and the like,
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Excluding the worship of obedience and following everything that Allah has revealed.
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Thus, in the minds of most Muslims, Sharia became isolated from other affairs of life,
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And a wretched dichotomy arose between religion and life, and between religion and the state.
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Third:
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Western colonialism,
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Which promoted governance through its own systems, claiming they were advanced,
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And that they were the cause of its alleged civilizational progress.
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It installed governments over Islamic nations that were subservient to its systems.
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Fourth:
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The henchmen of Western colonialism among the secularists,
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Who assisted their masters by promoting the idea of separating religion from the state,
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And that worship should be confined to mosques,
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Having no relation to the organization of people's lives and affairs.
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Three major states divided the Islamic world among themselves
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In the period from the tenth to the twelfth century AH,
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Corresponding to the sixteenth to the eighteenth century AD:
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The Safavid State in Persia,
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The Mughal State in India,
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And the Ottoman State in the Mediterranean basin.
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As for the Safavid State,
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Its affiliation with Islam
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Was nominal and superficial;
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It was a Rafidi Twelver state,
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Operating according to the opinions and whims of fanatical Shi'a men,
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With its sole concern being to fight the Sunni Ottoman State.
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As for the Mughal State,
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It was established during a time of weakness for the Islamic Ummah in the late Abbasid era,
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Which was filled with misguided concepts and deviant intellectual schools.
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The Mughals did not embrace pure Islam;
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Rather, they entered it in the distorted form held by its followers at that time.
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This ignorance of Islam,
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Combined with the small number of Muslims in India relative to the Hindus,
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Facilitated the English abolition of governance by Islamic Sharia
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Without any significant opposition.
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As for the Ottoman State,
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Despite its commendable efforts in spreading Sunni Islam in general,
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While containing some Sufi innovations,
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And in addition to its efforts in resisting the Byzantine West and the Mongol-Tatar East,
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It was unable to completely remove the deviation and backwardness it inherited from its predecessors.
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Furthermore, its fanaticism for the Hanafi school
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Led to opposition against opening the door of ijtihad,
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Which had been closed since the fourth century AH,
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Resulting in the inability of fiqh deduction to keep pace with modern events.
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Consequently, foreign laws were imported,
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And governance by other than Sharia gradually entered the state with good intentions,
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Without attention to its danger,
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Until the situation reached the point where secularists—
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Those calling for the separation of religion and state—
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Were able to rule in most Muslim lands after the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate,
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With the support of Western colonial powers.
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Thus, the majority of the Ummah fell into the wilderness and misguidance of governing by other than what Allah has revealed.
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Therefore, we can say
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That the deviation of Muslims, due to their ignorance of the reality of their religion and the Sunnah of Allah in life,
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And their inability to keep pace with events,
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Was the primary gateway for secularism to infiltrate Muslim lands,
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And for governance therein by other than what Allah has revealed.
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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.