Part of Concepts of Ahl as-Sunnah (series completed) · Lesson 14 of 1251

Summary of Sunni concepts | Concept (12) | Moderation in doctrine

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0:00 A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

0:08 Moderation in creed.

0:12 Firstly, the creed of the Muslims is a middle path between what the Jews believe and what the Christians believe regarding numerous matters.

0:21 Firstly, Muslims believe in the messengers, support them, honor them, and love them without worshipping them or taking them and the righteous as lords besides Allah, as the Christians have done.

0:36 Nor do they neglect them as the Jews have done, for they denied the prophets, killed them, and killed those among the people who enjoined justice.

0:46 Secondly, Muslims maintain a middle path regarding the lawful and the unlawful; they declare lawful what Allah has made lawful and forbid what He has forbidden.

0:56 As for the Jews, they forbade upon themselves the abrogation of religious obligations, and due to their wrongdoing, good things were forbidden to them.

1:05 As the Almighty said: ﴾For the wrongdoing of those who were Jews, We forbade them good things that had been lawful for them, and for their hindering many from the way of Allah.﴿

1:18 As for the Christians, Jesus, peace be upon him, made lawful for them, by revelation from Allah, some of what had been forbidden to the Children of Israel.

1:27 Yet they transgressed and made many forbidden things lawful in obedience to their rabbis and monks, as the Almighty said regarding them: ﴾And they do not forbid what Allah has forbidden.﴿

1:40 And He said: ﴾They have taken their rabbis and monks as lords besides Allah.﴿

1:49 Regarding the names and attributes of Allah, the Muslims describe their Lord as He described Himself and as His Messenger, peace be upon him, described Him.

2:01 They do not liken Allah to His creation, nor do they divest Him of His attributes, whereas the Jews—may they receive what they deserve from Allah—likened Him to His creation.

2:12 They likened Allah to His creation and described Him, Exalted is He, with poverty, stinginess, and fatigue, but Allah is far exalted above what they say.

2:24 The Christians likened the created to the Creator, deifying Jesus, peace be upon him, and attributing to him creation, provision, and forgiveness.

2:34 Secondly, just as the creed of the Muslims is a middle path between what the Jews believe and what the Christians believe,

2:42 So too are the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah among the Muslims a middle path in matters of creed between the deviant sects within Islam.

2:51 First, the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah are a middle path regarding the names and attributes of Allah between the Mu'attilah (those who deny the attributes) and the Mushabbihah (those who liken Allah to His creation).

3:05 They describe Allah as He described Himself and as His Messenger, peace be upon him, described Him, without denial, likening, specifying the modality, metaphorical interpretation, or distortion.

3:20 Second, the Ahl al-Sunnah, regarding the decree and the divine will, are a middle path between the Qadariyyah—the deniers of the decree who claim that Allah does not know things before they occur—

3:33 Or that He does not decree evil, or who deny the will of Allah and His creation of the actions of His servants.

3:40 And the Jabriyyah, who deny the servant's choice and will; the Ahl al-Sunnah are a middle path between these two extremes, for they believe in the perfect decree and will of Allah.

3:54 And that He, Exalted is He, knows things before they occur and decrees both good and evil.

4:01 However, they do not attribute the description of "evil" to Allah, Exalted is He, because He decrees it according to His perfect wisdom and knowledge, and they believe that nothing occurs in His dominion except what He wills.

4:17 Likewise, the Ahl al-Sunnah affirm for the servant a capacity, a will, and a choice for which he is held accountable, but all of this is under the power, will, and choice of Allah, which is connected to His wisdom and knowledge.

4:32 Third, the view of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah regarding the sinners—the perpetrators of major sins among the Muslims—is a middle path between the Wa'idiyyah (the Khawarij and the Mu'tazilah) and the Murji'ah.

4:46 According to the Ahl al-Sunnah, they are sinners due to their major sins as long as they do not repent, but they possess the essence of faith, some of it according to their state, though not complete faith.

4:59 They are subject to the will of Allah; if He wills, He punishes them, and if He wills, He forgives them, and if they enter the Fire, they will not remain there forever, and their ultimate destination is Paradise.

5:12 If they repent in this world with a sincere repentance, Allah accepts their repentance, replaces their evil deeds with good deeds, and they become like the righteous believers.

5:24 Meanwhile, the Khawarij declare the perpetrators of major sins to be disbelievers, and the Mu'tazilah place them in a position between two positions—that is, between disbelief and faith—and both agree on their eternal residence in the Fire.

5:39 However, according to the Mu'tazilah, they are in a level of the Fire that is lighter than the level of the disbelievers.

5:46 As for the Murji'ah, they say that the faith of the sinners is like the faith of the prophets, and that no sin or disobedience causes harm alongside faith, just as no act of obedience brings benefit alongside disbelief, because faith, in their view, is merely affirmation.

6:03 Fourth, the Ahl al-Sunnah are a middle path regarding the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him; they pray for them all, affirm their virtue and precedence as established by the Messenger, peace be upon him, and as he ranked them in superiority, and they do not exaggerate regarding any of them.

6:27 As for the Rafidah Shi'a, they have placed Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, above all the Companions, affirmed virtue for only five of the Companions, and declared the rest of them disbelievers.

6:40 Some of the Rafidah exaggerated regarding Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, raising him above the rank of the prophets, and some of them even deified him.

6:50 As for the Khawarij, they declared Ali and Uthman, may Allah be pleased with them, to be disbelievers, deemed their blood lawful, and did not see any virtue for the rest of the Companions over others.

7:02 The Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah are a middle path in all matters of creed between all the deviant sects.