Part of Concepts of Ahl as-Sunnah (series completed)
· Lesson 256 of 1251
Summary of Sunni concepts | Concept (254) | Mu'tazilites
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Transcript
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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.
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The Mu'tazila.
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The origin of the Mu'tazila.
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It traces back to Wasil Ibn 'Ata'.
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Who differed with Imam al-Hasan al-Basri, may Allah have mercy on him, regarding the one who commits a major sin.
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For al-Hasan stated regarding him:
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He is a believer by virtue of his faith,
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but a transgressor (fasiq) by virtue of his major sin.
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That is the position of the Ahl al-Sunnah.
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Wasil then said:
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He is in a position between the two positions.
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Neither a believer nor a disbeliever.
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Consequently, it followed that
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Wasil Ibn 'Ata' withdrew,
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along with some who agreed with his view,
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from the circle of al-Hasan al-Basri.
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Thus, they were named the Mu'tazila (the Withdrawers).
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Their ideas then developed and branched out.
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They were joined by the Jahmiyyah,
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and they adopted the doctrine of the Qadariyyah,
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who deny the divine decree (qadar),
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and Allah’s foreknowledge of events before they occur.
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They also deny that Allah created evil or willed it.
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They do not distinguish between the legislative will and the universal will.
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Their innovation eventually settled upon five principles.
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First: Justice.
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By this, they mean denying that Allah ordains or creates the actions of His servants.
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Rather, they claim that servants create their own actions.
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Second:
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Monotheism (Tawhid).
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Its reality, according to them, is the negation of attributes from Allah,
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under the pretext of declaring Him, the Almighty and Majestic, free from resembling His creation.
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Third:
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The position between the two positions.
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This is the foundational innovation of the Mu'tazila, as previously mentioned.
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Fourth:
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The Promise and the Threat.
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Its meaning, according to them, is
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that it is incumbent upon Allah, the Exalted,
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just as He made it incumbent upon Himself, to fulfill His promise.
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Thus, they consign the one who commits a major sin to eternal fire, just as the Khawarij say,
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although they place him in a level of the Fire lighter than that of the disbeliever.
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Fifth:
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Enjoining good and forbidding evil.
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Its reality, according to them, is
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rebelling with the sword against unjust leaders,
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and breaking away from the community of Muslims who have gathered under them.
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They rebel against the ruler simply for committing any type of sin or injustice.
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When the leaders of the salaf confronted the Mu'tazila with the proofs of the Qur'an and Sunnah,
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which refute their false principles,
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and demolish their flimsy arguments,
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they resorted to another innovation which they made one of their principles of deduction:
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the innovation of prioritizing reason over revelation.
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They interpret the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah if they contradict what their corrupt reasoning dictates.
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They also rejected solitary hadiths (ahad)
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that contradict their theological principles.
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Today, the Mu'tazila are joined in their sanctification of reason and prioritizing it over the text
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by a fringe group of outcasts
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who call themselves "Modernists,"
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or "Rationalists,"
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or "Enlightenment thinkers."
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They label the Mu'tazila as the "Enlightened Rationalist School."
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In doing so, they have served the secularists in their efforts to abandon the beliefs and rulings of the religion.