Summary of Sahih Al-Bukhari | Episode (74) | Sales book - 1

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

0:03 The Ifadah Center

0:06 for Humanities Research and Studies

0:09 presents

0:10 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari:

0:16 The Book of Sales.

0:19 When Imam al-Bukhari completed the explanation of the acts of worship,

0:23 the primary purpose of which is the attainment of reward in the Hereafter,

0:26 he commenced with the exposition of commercial transactions,

0:29 the primary purpose of which is worldly livelihood.

0:32 Thus, he prioritized the objectives of the Hereafter over those of this world.

0:37 Chapter: What has been related regarding the words of Allah, Exalted is He:

0:40 "And when the prayer has been concluded,

0:42 disperse within the land

0:44 and seek from the bounty of Allah."

0:46 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him),

0:49 who said:

0:51 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf arrived among us,

0:54 and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established a bond of brotherhood

0:57 between him and Sa'd ibn al-Rabi'.

1:00 Sa'd was a man of abundant wealth,

1:02 so he said to him:

1:04 "The Ansar well know that I am among the wealthiest of them.

1:08 I shall divide my wealth into two equal halves between you and me.

1:12 Moreover, I have two wives;

1:14 look and see which of the two pleases you more,

1:16 and I shall divorce her for you."

1:18 In another narration:

1:20 "Look and see which of my two wives you desire,

1:22 and I will step down from her for you,

1:24 so that once she completes her waiting period,

1:26 you may marry her."

1:28 Thereupon, 'Abd al-Rahman replied:

1:30 "May Allah bless you in your family."

1:33 In another narration:

1:35 "May Allah bless you in your family and your wealth.

1:37 Just direct me to the marketplace."

1:39 And in another narration:

1:41 "Is there a marketplace where commerce is conducted?"

1:43 Sa'd replied:

1:45 "The marketplace of Qaynuqa'."

1:47 Anas said:

1:49 So 'Abd al-Rahman set out for it the next morning,

1:51 and he did not return that day

1:53 without having earned a profit

1:55 of dried curd and clarified butter.

1:57 Only a short time passed

1:59 before he came to the Messenger of Allah

2:01 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

2:03 bearing traces

2:05 of yellow perfume.

2:08 In another narration:

2:10 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saw upon him

2:12 the cheerful glow of a bridegroom.

2:14 So the Messenger of Allah

2:16 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked him:

2:18 "Mahyam (What is this)?"

2:20 In another narration:

2:22 "Mahyam," or "Mah?"

2:24 And in another narration:

2:26 "Have you married?"

2:28 He replied: "I have married a woman from the Ansar."

2:30 The Prophet asked:

2:32 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?"

2:34 He replied:

2:36 "The weight of a date-stone in gold,"

2:38 or "a date-stone's weight of gold."

2:40 The Prophet said:

2:42 In another narration:

2:44 "May Allah bless you!

2:46 Host a wedding feast (walimah), even if with just a single sheep."

2:48 Commentary on the hadith:

2:51 "Arrived" (qadima):

2:53 meaning he arrived as an emigrant (Muhajir).

2:55 "He established brotherhood" (akha):

2:57 It refers to forging a brotherly bond between two individuals,

2:59 establishing a mutual pact between them

3:01 akin to kinship by blood.

3:03 "Shatrayn":

3:05 meaning two equal halves.

3:07 "Whichever of the two pleases you more" (a'jabahuma):

3:09 meaning whichever woman appeals to you.

3:11 "Once she completes her waiting period" (idha hallat):

3:13 meaning once her 'iddah has expired.

3:15 "Your family" (ahluk): meaning your wife.

3:17 "Earned a profit" (afdala):

3:19 meaning he gained a surplus or profit.

3:21 "Aqt":

3:23 a food prepared from curdled milk that has been dried.

3:25 "Only a short time passed" (falam yalbath):

3:27 meaning he did not stay or wait long.

3:29 "Yasiran":

3:31 meaning for only a brief period of time.

3:33 "You desire" (hawayta): meaning you fancy or want.

3:35 "I will step down from her for you" (nazaltu laka 'anha):

3:37 meaning I will divorce her so you may have her.

3:40 "Traces of yellow perfume" (wadarun min sufrah):

3:42 meaning smeared with khaluq or perfume

3:44 that possesses a yellowish color,

3:46 which is saffron.

3:48 "Mahyam":

3:50 meaning: "What is this?"

3:52 and "What has happened with you?"

3:54 She was the daughter of Anas ibn Rafi'.

3:56 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?" (ma suqta ilayha):

3:58 meaning how much did you give her as a mahr?

4:00 "The weight of a date-stone" (waznu nawat):

4:02 Its measure is three dirhams and one-third,

4:06 which equals approximately ten grams,

4:08 though some say slightly more

4:10 and others say slightly less.

4:13 "Host a wedding feast" (awlim):

4:15 The walimah is the celebratory wedding meal.

4:17 "The cheerful glow of a bridegroom" (bashashat al-'urs):

4:19 meaning the joyful aura, marks, and elegance of marriage.

4:21 Key benefits derived from the hadith:

4:23 It is deduced from this hadith that

4:26 there is no harm in an honorable, noble person

4:28 engaging in market commerce through selling

4:30 and buying,

4:32 and thereby maintaining self-sufficiency and dignity from taking

4:34 money or donations offered by others.

4:36 It also demonstrates personal discipline and strenuous effort

4:38 in securing one's own livelihood.

4:40 Furthermore, it shows that earning a living

4:42 through trades and crafts is far more aligned

4:44 with moral uprightness and integrity than living

4:46 off gifts, charitable offerings,

4:48 and similar handouts.

4:50 It also clarifies the virtue and barakah of enterprise.

4:52 Additionally, it highlights brotherhood established for mutual cooperation

4:54 in obeying the commands of Allah, Exalted is He.

4:56 It also illustrates that among

4:58 the essential obligations of true brotherhood

5:00 is for a brother to assist his brother

5:02 in his worldly affairs.

5:06 Chapter: The Explanation of Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat).

5:08 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her),

5:10 who said:

5:12 'Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas

5:14 had entrusted to his brother Sa'd

5:16 ibn Abi Waqqas:

5:18 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah is fathered by me,

5:20 so take custody of him."

5:22 'A'ishah continued:

5:24 When the year of the Conquest of Makkah arrived,

5:26 Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas took him

5:28 and said:

5:30 "He is my brother's son; he entrusted him

5:32 to my custody."

5:35 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah arose and protested:

5:37 "He is my brother and the son of my father's bondwoman;

5:39 he was born upon his bed!"

5:41 So they brought their dispute

5:43 before the Prophet (peace be upon him).

5:45 Sa'd argued:

5:47 "O Messenger of Allah,

5:49 he is my brother's son;

5:51 he instructed me regarding him."

5:53 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah asserted:

5:55 "He is my brother and the son of

5:57 my father's bondwoman, born upon

5:59 his bed." Thereupon,

6:01 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

6:03 "He is yours,

6:05 O 'Abd ibn Zam'ah!"

6:07 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him)

6:09 added:

6:11 "The child belongs to the marriage bed,

6:13 while the adulterer is entitled only to stones."

6:15 Then he instructed Sawdah

6:17 bint Zam'ah, the wife of the Prophet

6:19 (peace be upon him):

6:21 "Observe the veil before him,"

6:23 because he observed the unmistakable resemblance

6:25 to 'Utbah. Consequently, he never saw her

6:27 until he met Allah.

6:30 Commentary on the hadith:

6:32 Chapter: The Explanation of

6:34 Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat):

6:36 Dubious matters and ambiguous affairs refer to

6:38 anything that bears resemblance

6:40 to the lawful from one perspective, and to the unlawful

6:42 from another.

6:44 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah":

6:46 The walidah is the female slave (jariyah).

6:48 The child over whom they disputed

6:50 was named 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zam'ah

6:52 ibn Qays.

6:54 "Fa-qbidh":

6:55 meaning: take custody of him.

6:57 "'Ahida ilayya":

6:58 meaning: he bequeathed and entrusted this to me.

7:00 "Fa-tasaqa":

7:02 meaning: after disputing and contending with each other

7:04 regarding his status, they proceeded together

7:06 to the Prophet (peace be upon him).

7:08 "The child belongs to the marriage bed" (al-waladu li-l-firash):

7:11 Meaning the lineage of the child.

7:13 It is attributed to the owner of the bed.

7:15 And for the adulterer is the stone [i.e., deprivation/punishment].

7:17 Meaning, for the one who commits illicit sexual relations, there is only disappointment.

7:19 And he has no claim to the child.

7:21 It has been said:

7:23 For the adulterer is the stoning.

7:25 Among the benefits

7:27 of the hadith:

7:30 It is derived from the hadith

7:32 that judgment is based on outward appearances.

7:34 Because he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

7:36 ruled regarding the child based on the marital bed.

7:38 And he did not pay attention to physical resemblance.

7:40 And in this is that the ruling of the judge

7:42 is based on the apparent.

7:44 It does not resolve the matter in the inward reality.

7:46 Due to his command, peace be upon him,

7:48 to Sawdah, may Allah be pleased with her,

7:50 to observe hijab.

7:54 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided due to doubts.

7:56 From Anas,

7:58 may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

8:00 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed

8:02 by a date

8:04 on the road.

8:06 He said, "Were it not that I

8:08 fear it might be from the charity (sadaqah),

8:10 I would have eaten it."

8:13 Commentary on the hadith:

8:15 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided.

8:17 Avoided due to doubts.

8:19 Meaning, they are to be guarded against and abandoned.

8:21 "I fear,"

8:23 meaning, I am apprehensive.

8:26 Among the benefits of the hadith:

8:29 It is derived from the hadith

8:31 that if a doubt arises

8:33 regarding a permissible matter,

8:35 then safety lies in abandoning it as a precaution.

8:37 And in the hadith

8:39 is an indication of the permissibility

8:41 of eating a small amount of found property (luqta),

8:43 and it is not required to announce it,

8:45 nor to return it to its owners.

8:47 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers

8:51 and similar things as doubts.

8:53 From 'Aishah,

8:55 she said:

8:57 They said, "O Messenger of Allah,

8:59 there are people here who have recently

9:01 come out of disbelief,

9:03 bringing us meat;

9:05 we do not know if they mention the name of Allah

9:07 over it or not."

9:09 He said,

9:11 "Mention the name of Allah yourselves,

9:13 and eat."

9:16 Commentary on the hadith:

9:18 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers

9:20 and similar things as doubts.

9:22 "Whispers" (waswas)

9:24 is what Satan casts into the heart.

9:26 "Meat" (lihman),

9:28 the plural of meat (lahm).

9:30 "We do not know,"

9:32 meaning, we are not aware.

9:34 “And they say: Such cattle and crops are forbidden. No-one is to eat of them save whom we will - in their make-believe - cattle whose backs are forbidden, cattle over which they mention not the name of Allah. (All that is) a lie against Him. He will repay them for that which they invent.” (6:138)

9:36 Meaning, at the time of slaughtering.

9:38 Among the benefits of the hadith:

9:41 It is derived from the hadith

9:43 the legitimacy of saying the basmalah

9:45 when eating.

9:47 The hadith is an argument for those who say

9:49 it is permissible to eat meat for which the name of Allah was not mentioned

9:51 at the time of slaughter.

9:55 Chapter: Regarding one who does not care from where

9:57 he earns wealth.

9:59 From Abu Hurayrah,

10:01 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

10:03 he said:

10:05 "A time will come upon the people

10:07 when a person will not care how

10:09 he acquires wealth,

10:11 whether from a lawful source or an unlawful one."

10:13 Commentary

10:16 on the hadith:

10:19 Meaning, he does not concern himself,

10:21 nor does he ask,

10:23 about how he acquired the wealth.

10:25 Meaning, from whatever source he earned it.

10:27 Among the benefits

10:29 of the hadith:

10:32 The hadith is among the signs of Prophethood.

10:34 And in it is a warning against the trial

10:36 of wealth, and in it is

10:38 an encouragement to earn lawfully.

10:40 Chapter: Trade

10:43 on land and otherwise.

10:45 From Abu al-Minhal,

10:48 he said: I used to trade

10:50 in currency exchange (sarf).

10:52 So I asked al-Bara' Ibn 'Azib

10:54 and Zayd Ibn Arqam

10:56 about currency exchange.

10:58 They said:

11:00 "We were traders during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

11:02 We asked

11:04 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

11:06 about currency exchange.

11:08 He said:

11:10 'If it is hand-to-hand,

11:12 then there is no harm.

11:14 But if it is deferred,

11:16 then it is not valid.'"

11:18 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade

11:20 selling gold

11:22 for silver on credit.

11:24 And in another narration:

11:26 "Whatever is hand-to-hand,

11:28 take it,

11:30 and whatever is deferred, leave it."

11:33 Commentary on the hadith:

11:35 Chapter: Trade

11:37 on land and otherwise.

11:39 "On land" (barr), meaning the opposite of the sea.

11:41 And it is said:

11:43 "Baz" (with a zay),

11:45 which refers specifically to fabrics.

11:47 "I trade" (atjar),

11:49 meaning I buy and sell.

11:51 "Currency exchange" (sarf),

11:53 meaning the sale of money for money.

11:55 "Hand-to-hand,"

11:57 meaning immediate exchange in the same session.

11:59 "There is no harm,"

12:01 meaning it is permissible.

12:03 "Deferred" (nasa'),

12:05 meaning delayed or postponed.

12:07 "It is not valid,"

12:09 meaning it is not permissible.

12:11 "Leave it,"

12:13 meaning abandon it.

12:15 Meaning, deferred and not received

12:17 in the session of the contract.

12:20 Among the benefits of the hadith:

12:22 It is derived from the hadith

12:25 that the default

12:27 in trade is permissibility.

12:29 And in it is that it is not permissible

12:31 to have any currency exchange on credit.

12:33 Rather, it is only permissible

12:35 hand-to-hand.

12:39 Chapter: Going out for trade.

12:41 From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri,

12:43 he said:

12:45 I was in one of the gatherings

12:47 of the Ansar,

12:49 when Abu Musa came, appearing distressed.

12:51 He said:

12:53 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar three times,

12:55 but I was not granted permission,

12:57 so I returned."

12:59 He ['Umar] said:

13:01 "What prevented you?"

13:03 I said: "I sought permission three times,

13:05 but I was not granted permission,

13:07 so I returned."

13:09 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

13:11 "If one of you seeks permission

13:13 three times

13:15 and is not granted permission,

13:17 then let him return."

13:19 He ['Umar] said:

13:21 "By Allah, you must provide proof for this."

13:23 In one narration:

13:25 "Bring me proof for this,

13:27 or I will punish you."

13:29 "Is there anyone among you

13:31 who heard it from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him?"

13:33 Then said

13:35 Ubayy Ibn Ka'b:

13:37 "By Allah, no one shall stand

13:39 with you except the youngest of the people."

13:41 So I was the youngest of the people,

13:43 and I stood with him.

13:45 I informed 'Umar that the Prophet,

13:47 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

13:49 said that.

13:51 In one narration:

13:53 'Umar said:

13:55 "Has this been hidden from me regarding the matter of

13:57 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him?

13:59 I was distracted by trading

14:01 in the markets."

14:04 Commentary on the hadith:

14:06 "Distressed" (madh'ur),

14:08 meaning afraid.

14:10 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar,"

14:12 Meaning, he sought permission to enter upon him.

14:14 What prevented you?

14:16 Meaning, from entering.

14:18 With proof.

14:20 Meaning, with evidence.

14:23 Among the benefits of the hadith:

14:26 It is derived from the hadith:

14:28 That preoccupation with worldly affairs

14:30 May prevent one from seeking knowledge.

14:32 And the more one pursues it,

14:34 The less knowledge one attains.

14:36 It also contains the requirement to seek evidence,

14:38 And to verify it.

14:42 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted:

14:44 "Spend from

14:46 The good things which you have earned."

14:48 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah,

14:50 May Allah be pleased with him,

14:52 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

14:54 Said:

14:56 "It is not lawful for a woman

14:58 To fast while her husband is present

15:00 Except with his permission."

15:02 "And she shall not permit anyone in his house

15:04 Except with his permission."

15:06 "And whatever she spends of expenditure

15:08 Without his command,"

15:10 In one narration:

15:12 "Without his consent,"

15:14 "Then it is rendered to him

15:16 Half of it."

15:18 In one narration:

15:20 "He receives half of its reward."

15:23 Commentary on the hadith:

15:26 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted:

15:28 "Spend from the good things

15:30 Which you have earned."

15:32 The Exalted commands His servants,

15:34 The believers, to spend

15:36 From the good things He has made easy for them

15:38 Of earnings.

15:40 "To fast": meaning a voluntary fast.

15:42 "Present": meaning available.

15:44 "Without his command":

15:46 Meaning without the husband's order.

15:48 "It is rendered to him half of it":

15:50 Meaning, he is given half the wealth

15:52 Of the spender.

15:54 Among the benefits of the hadith:

15:56 It is derived from the hadith:

15:59 That a woman should not spend

16:01 From her husband's wealth in excess

16:03 Of what is customarily accepted.

16:05 It also contains the avoidance

16:07 Of that which stirs suspicion

16:09 Between spouses.

16:13 Chapter: Whoever loves to have his provision expanded.

16:15 On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik,

16:17 May Allah be pleased with him, who said:

16:19 I heard the Messenger of Allah,

16:21 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

16:23 Saying:

16:25 "Whoever is pleased to have his provision expanded for him,

16:27 Or to have his life prolonged

16:29 In his legacy,

16:31 Let him maintain his ties of kinship."

16:34 Commentary on the hadith:

16:36 "Pleased him":

16:39 Meaning, brought him joy.

16:41 "Expanded": meaning increased.

16:43 "Prolonged for him":

16:45 Meaning, delayed for him and increased

16:47 In his legacy:

16:49 Meaning, what remains of his life.

16:51 "Let him maintain his ties of kinship":

16:53 Maintaining ties of kinship

16:55 Is to include one's relatives in good deeds.

16:57 This may be through wealth,

16:59 Or through service, visiting,

17:01 And the like.

17:03 Among the benefits of the hadith:

17:05 It is derived from the hadith:

17:08 That maintaining ties of kinship

17:10 Is an increase and a blessing

17:12 In provision and lifespan.

17:14 The hadith also indicates that abundance of provision

17:16 Is a form of happiness.

17:20 Chapter: The Prophet's purchasing,

17:22 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

17:24 On credit.

17:26 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,

17:28 She said:

17:30 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, bought

17:32 Food from a Jew

17:34 On credit.

17:36 In one narration:

17:38 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, died

17:40 While his armor was mortgaged

17:42 To a Jew

17:44 For thirty sa' of barley.

17:46 And he mortgaged it:

17:48 A suit of iron armor of his.

17:51 Commentary on the hadith:

17:53 "Food":

17:55 Meaning barley.

17:57 "Jew":

17:59 He is Abu al-Shahm.

18:01 "On credit":

18:03 Meaning until a known deadline.

18:05 "And he mortgaged it":

18:07 "Mortgage" (al-rahn):

18:09 Is the holding of an asset by the creditor

18:11 In case fulfillment of the debt is not possible.

18:13 "Armor":

18:15 This armor,

18:17 It is said, was named 'Dhat al-Fudul'.

18:20 Among the benefits of the hadith:

18:22 It is derived from the hadith:

18:24 The permissibility

18:26 Of dealing with a Jew in permissible matters.

18:28 It also contains the permissibility

18:30 Of mortgaging while at home (not traveling).

18:35 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,

18:37 That he walked with the Prophet,

18:39 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

18:41 With barley bread and fat

18:43 That had turned rancid.

18:45 And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did mortgage

18:47 Armor of his in Madinah

18:49 To a Jew,

18:51 And took from him barley

18:53 For his family.

18:55 And I heard him say:

18:57 "There did not remain with the family of Muhammad,

18:59 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

19:01 A sa' of wheat nor a sa' of grain,"

19:03 Even though he had

19:05 Nine wives.

19:07 Commentary on the hadith:

19:09 "Walked":

19:12 Meaning, he went.

19:14 "Fat": meaning what is melted from suet

19:16 Or from a sheep's tail and others.

19:18 "Rancid":

19:20 Meaning, changed in smell.

19:22 "Jew":

19:24 He is Abu al-Shahm.

19:27 Among the benefits of the hadith:

19:29 It is derived from the hadith:

19:31 That there is no harm in a person mentioning

19:33 That he does not have

19:35 What sustains him, provided it is not

19:37 In the manner of complaining or discontent.

19:39 It also contains a description

19:41 Of the state of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

19:43 Regarding his austerity

19:45 In worldly life.

19:47 It also contains accepting what is available

19:49 Of food.

19:51 And it contains the scholar personally

19:53 Purchasing his own needs,

19:55 Even if he has someone who could suffice him.

19:57 Chapter: A man's earning

20:01 And his working with his own hands.

20:04 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,

20:06 She said:

20:08 When Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was made successor,

20:10 He said:

20:12 "My trade was not

20:14 Incapable of providing for my family's needs,

20:16 But I have been occupied with the affairs

20:18 Of the Muslims.

20:20 So the family of Abu Bakr shall eat

20:22 From this wealth,

20:24 And I shall trade for the Muslims with it."

20:26 Commentary on the hadith:

20:29 "Made successor":

20:31 Meaning, he assumed the Caliphate.

20:33 "My trade":

20:35 Trade and working

20:37 Is earning.

20:39 "Was not incapable of providing for my family's needs":

20:41 Meaning, it sufficed me and those I support,

20:43 So we were not in need of anyone.

20:45 "With the affairs of the Muslims":

20:47 Meaning, by looking into their matters

20:49 Because I am the Caliph.

20:51 "The family of Abu Bakr shall eat":

20:54 Meaning himself

20:56 And those whose support is obligatory upon him.

20:58 "I shall trade for the Muslims":

21:00 Meaning, I shall trade on their behalf

21:02 So that there returns to them

21:04 From its profit as much as I have eaten,

21:06 Or more.

21:08 Among the benefits of the hadith:

21:10 It is derived from the hadith:

21:13 That the worker

21:15 That he may take from the wealth's profit

21:17 In which he works, according to the value of his labor,

21:19 Provided there is not above him

21:21 An authority who sets for him

21:23 A known wage.

21:25 In this is evidence that the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them,

21:27 Used to earn

21:29 With their own hands, and it illustrates

21:31 The humility they possessed.

21:33 From al-Miqdam, may Allah be pleased with him,

21:37 From the Messenger of Allah,

21:39 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

21:41 Who said:

21:43 "No one has ever eaten food

21:45 Better than that which he eats

21:47 From the work of his own hands.

21:49 And indeed, the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (David),

21:51 Peace be upon him,

21:53 Used to eat from the work of his own hands."

21:55 Commentary on the hadith:

21:58 Dawud, peace be upon him,

22:00 Used to eat from the work of his own hands;

22:02 He used to craft

22:04 Armor from iron,

22:06 As stated by the Qur'an.

22:08 From the benefits of the hadith:

22:10 It is derived from the hadith

22:13 That the best of earnings

22:15 Is what a man earns with his own hand.

22:17 It also contains an encouragement

22:19 Toward trades and crafts.

22:21 From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

22:25 From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

22:27 Who said:

22:29 "The recitation of the Qur'an was made easy for Dawud,

22:31 Peace be upon him;

22:33 So he would command

22:35 That his mounts be saddled,

22:37 And he would recite the Qur'an

22:39 Before his mounts were saddled,

22:41 And he would not eat except from the work of his own hands."

22:43 Commentary on the hadith:

22:45 "Made easy" (khuffifa),

22:47 Meaning it was facilitated.

22:49 "That they be saddled" (fatusraj),

22:51 "Saddling" (israj)

22:53 Is the tightening of the saddle on the mount

22:55 So that it may be ridden.

22:58 From the benefits of the hadith:

23:00 It is derived from the hadith

23:02 The virtue of reciting the words of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.

23:04 It also contains the permissibility of reciting quickly

23:06 During recitation

23:08 For the purpose of memorization and study,

23:10 While reserving another time for contemplation.

23:12 Chapter: Ease and Generosity

23:16 In buying and selling,

23:18 And whoever seeks a right,

23:20 Let him seek it with decency.

23:22 From Jabir

23:25 Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both,

23:27 That the Messenger of Allah,

23:29 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

23:31 Said:

23:33 "May Allah have mercy on a man who is easy-going

23:35 When he sells,

23:37 When he buys,

23:39 And when he demands his due."

23:41 The hadith.

23:44 "May Allah have mercy"

23:46 Can be interpreted as a supplication,

23:48 Or it can be interpreted as a statement of fact.

23:50 "Easy-going" (samhan)

23:52 Refers to generosity,

23:54 Magnanimity and giving,

23:56 Characterized by kindness and open-handedness.

23:58 "Demands his due" (iqtada),

24:00 Meaning he collects what is owed to him.

24:03 From the benefits of the hadith:

24:05 It is derived from the hadith

24:07 The encouragement to employ

24:09 Noble character in sales.

24:11 It is supported by the saying:

24:13 "And take what is given freely from them."

24:17 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Wealthy Debtor

24:19 From Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him,

24:21 Who said:

24:23 I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

24:25 Say:

24:27 "A man from those before you

24:29 Was visited by an angel

24:31 To take his soul.

24:33 It was said to him:

24:35 'Have you done any good?'

24:37 He said: 'I do not know.'

24:39 It was said to him:

24:41 He said:

24:43 'I do not know of anything,

24:45 Except that I used to trade with people

24:47 In the world and settle accounts with them;

24:49 So I would grant respite to the wealthy,

24:51 And overlook the needy.'

24:53 So Allah admitted him

24:55 Into Paradise."

24:57 In one narration:

24:59 "I would overlook the wealthy,

25:01 And lighten the burden for the needy."

25:03 So he was forgiven.

25:06 Commentary on the hadith:

25:08 "Was visited by an angel,"

25:10 Meaning the Angel of Death came to him.

25:12 "Think/Recall" (anzur),

25:14 Meaning reflect and remember.

25:16 "Settle accounts" (ajazihim),

25:18 Meaning I would collect the rights owed to me from them.

25:21 "Grant respite" (fa-unziru),

25:23 Meaning I would give them time.

25:25 "The wealthy" (al-musir),

25:27 Meaning the one capable of paying.

25:29 "Overlook" (atajawazu),

25:31 Meaning I would be lenient in demanding and collecting.

25:33 "The needy" (al-mu'sir),

25:35 The one who is unable to pay the debt.

25:37 From the benefits of the hadith:

25:39 It is derived from the hadith

25:42 That from the vastness of the mercy of Allah, the Almighty,

25:44 And His grace,

25:46 Is that He forgives sins

25:48 Through the smallest good deed

25:50 Found in the servant,

25:52 On the condition of sincerity.

25:54 It also shows that the servant is held to account at his death

25:56 To some extent.

25:58 It also shows that the law of those before us

26:00 Is a law for us,

26:02 Provided it does not contradict our own law.

26:04 It also contains details.

26:08 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Needy Debtor

26:10 From Abu Hurayrah,

26:12 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

26:14 Said:

26:16 "A man used to lend

26:18 To people."

26:20 In one narration: "A merchant."

26:22 He would say to his servant:

26:24 "If you come to a needy person,

26:26 Then overlook his debt,

26:28 Perhaps Allah will overlook

26:30 Our sins."

26:32 He said: "So he met Allah,

26:34 And He overlooked his sins."

26:37 Commentary on the hadith:

26:39 "Used to lend" (yudayinu),

26:41 Meaning selling to people on credit.

26:43 "Servant" (fatan),

26:45 Meaning his boy and worker.

26:47 From the benefits of the hadith:

26:49 It is derived from the hadith

26:52 That the recompense

26:54 Is of the same nature as the deed.

26:56 It also shows the permissibility of selling on credit.

26:58 It also contains the encouragement toward ease

27:00 In buying and selling.

27:02 It also shows the legitimacy of agency.

27:04 Chapter: If

27:08 The two parties in a transaction are clear,

27:10 And they are truthful and sincere.

27:12 From Hakim Ibn Hizam,

27:14 May Allah be pleased with him, who said:

27:16 The Messenger of Allah,

27:18 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

27:20 "The two parties in a transaction have the option

27:22 As long as they have not separated,"

27:24 Or he said:

27:26 "Until they separate.

27:28 If they are truthful and clear,

27:30 Their transaction will be blessed.

27:32 And if they conceal

27:34 And lie,

27:36 The blessing of their transaction will be wiped out."

27:39 Commentary on the hadith:

27:41 "The two parties" (al-bayyi'ani),

27:44 Meaning the seller and the buyer.

27:46 "Have the option" (bil-khiyar),

27:48 Meaning the choice between finalizing the sale or annulling it.

27:50 "As long as they have not separated,"

27:52 Meaning physically.

27:54 It is also said: by speech.

27:56 "Clear" (bayyana),

27:58 Meaning he disclosed the defect in the transaction.

28:00 "Blessed" (burika),

28:02 Meaning the benefit of the commodity and the price increased.

28:04 "Concealed" (katama),

28:06 Meaning he hid the defect in the transaction.

28:08 "Wiped out" (muhiqat),

28:10 "Wiping out" (al-mahq)

28:12 Is the decrease and the departure of blessing.

28:14 From the benefits of the hadith:

28:16 One derives from this hadith

28:19 that offering sincere counsel to a fellow Muslim

28:21 is an obligation.

28:23 This is the fundamental principle in all dealings.

28:25 It also contains the prohibition of fraud

28:27 and deception in transactions,

28:29 whether financial or otherwise.

28:31 It further establishes the principle of being treated

28:33 with the opposite of one’s intent,

28:35 for the blessing of the sale is erased,

28:37 along with the increase and growth the merchant sought.

28:43 Chapter: The Sale of Mixed Dates

28:45 On the authority of Abu Sa'id,

28:47 may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

28:49 We used to be provided with

28:51 "jam'" dates,

28:53 which are mixed dates.

28:55 We would sell two sa's for one sa'.

28:57 The Prophet,

28:59 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

29:01 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa',

29:03 nor two dirhams

29:05 for one dirham."

29:08 Commentary on the hadith:

29:10 "Mixed" (al-khalt)

29:12 refers to dates consisting of various

29:14 different types.

29:16 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa'"

29:18 means: do not sell two sa's for one sa'.

29:20 This is because all dates

29:22 are of the same genus.

29:24 "Nor two dirhams"

29:26 refers to the silver dirham.

29:29 Among the benefits of the hadith:

29:31 It is derived from the hadith

29:33 that it is not permissible to have a disparity in quantity

29:35 when exchanging items of the same genus

29:37 from among the usurious commodities.

29:39 It also indicates that high-quality and low-quality items

29:41 are treated equally in this regard.

Summary of Sahih Al-Bukhari | Episode (74) | Sales book - 1

Transcript