Summary of Sahih Al-Bukhari | Episode (6) | Book of Faith - 4

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 The Ifadah Center

0:06 for Human Studies and Research

0:09 presents

0:11 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari.

0:15 Chapter: The Increase and Decrease of Faith.

0:21 On the authority of Anas,

0:23 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

0:26 "Allah will gather the believers on the Day of Resurrection in such a state,

0:31 and they will say:

0:33 'If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord,

0:36 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!'

0:40 So they will go to Adam

0:42 and say:

0:43 'O Adam!

0:45 Do you not see the state of the people?

0:47 Allah created you with His Hand,

0:49 made His angels prostrate to you,

0:52 and taught you the names of all things.

0:55 Intercede for us with our Lord,

0:58 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!'

1:02 But he will reply:

1:04 'I am not fit for that,'

1:05 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed.

1:10 In another narration:

1:11 'He will mention his sin and feel ashamed.'

1:15 'Rather, go to Noah,

1:17 for he is the first messenger Allah sent to the people of the earth.'

1:22 So they will go to Noah,

1:25 but he will reply:

1:26 'I am not fit for that,'

1:28 and he will mention the mistake he committed.

1:32 In another narration:

1:33 'He will mention his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge,

1:38 and he will feel ashamed.'

1:40 'Rather, go to Abraham, the Intimate Friend of the Most Merciful.'

1:44 So they will go to Abraham,

1:47 but he will reply:

1:48 'I am not fit for that,'

1:50 and he will mention to them the mistakes he committed.

1:54 In another narration:

1:56 'He will mention three statements he made that were not literally true.'

2:00 'Rather, go to Moses,

2:03 a servant to whom Allah gave the Torah

2:06 and with whom He spoke directly.'

2:09 So they will go to Moses,

2:11 but he will reply:

2:12 'I am not fit for that,'

2:14 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed.

2:18 In another narration:

2:20 'He will mention his killing a soul without judicial right,

2:23 and he will feel ashamed before his Lord.'

2:26 'Rather, go to Jesus, the servant of Allah and His messenger,

2:30 and His Word and a spirit from Him.'

2:33 So they will go to Jesus,

2:35 but he will reply:

2:36 'I am not fit for that.'

2:39 'Rather, go to Muhammad (peace be upon him),

2:43 a servant whose past and future sins Allah has forgiven.'

2:49 Then they will come to me,

2:51 so I will set out

2:52 and ask permission to enter upon my Lord,

2:54 and permission will be granted to me.

2:57 When I see my Lord,

2:59 I will fall down in prostration before Him,

3:02 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me.

3:05 Then it will be said to me:

3:07 'Raise your head, O Muhammad!

3:09 Speak, and you will be heard;

3:11 ask, and it will be granted to you;

3:13 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.'

3:16 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me,

3:20 and then I will intercede.

3:21 He will set a limit for me,

3:24 and I will admit them into Paradise.

3:26 Then I will return,

3:28 and when I see my Lord,

3:30 I will fall down in prostration,

3:32 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me.

3:36 Then it will be said:

3:38 'Raise your head, O Muhammad!

3:40 Speak, and you will be heard;

3:42 ask, and it will be granted to you;

3:44 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.'

3:46 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that my Lord will teach me,

3:51 and then I will intercede.

3:53 He will set a limit for me,

3:55 and I will admit them into Paradise.

3:57 Then I will return,

3:59 and when I see my Lord,

4:01 I will fall down in prostration,

4:03 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me.

4:07 Then it will be said:

4:09 'Raise your head, O Muhammad!

4:11 Speak, and you will be heard;

4:13 ask, and it will be granted to you;

4:15 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.'

4:17 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me,

4:21 and then I will intercede.

4:23 He will set a limit for me,

4:25 and I will admit them into Paradise.

4:27 Then I will return

4:29 and say:

4:31 'O Lord, no one remains in the Fire

4:33 except those whom the Qur'an has detained,

4:35 and for whom eternity therein has become mandatory.'"

4:39 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

4:44 "There will be brought out of the Fire whoever said:

4:46 'There is no god but Allah,'

4:48 while having in his heart of goodness

4:50 that which equals the weight of a barley grain.

4:52 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said:

4:54 'There is no god but Allah,'

4:56 while having in his heart of goodness

4:58 that which equals the weight of a wheat grain.

5:00 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said:

5:02 'There is no god but Allah,'

5:04 while having in his heart of goodness that which equals the weight of an atom."

5:10 In another narration,

5:12 he said:

5:15 Then he recited this verse:

5:17 "It may be that your Lord will raise you to a praised station."

5:19 “And some part of the night awake for it, a largess for thee. It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised estate.” (17:79)

5:25 He said: "This is the Praised Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud) that was promised to your Prophet (peace be upon him)."

5:33 Commentary on the hadith:

5:36 "If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord,"

5:40 meaning: if only we sought an intercessor to plead our case,

5:43 "so that He might relieve us from this station of ours,"

5:47 meaning: so that He might deliver us from the standing place and its terrors and tribulations,

5:51 and judge between the servants.

5:54 "And taught you the names of all things,"

5:57 meaning: even the large serving dish and the small bowl.

6:00 "Intercede for us,"

6:02 meaning: plead our case before our Lord.

6:05 "I am not fit for that,"

6:07 meaning: I do not possess that distinct rank and standing.

6:10 "The mistake he committed,"

6:14 which was Adam's (peace be upon him) approaching the tree and eating from it.

6:19 "I am not fit for that,"

6:22 meaning: I do not possess this exalted station.

6:25 "And he will mention the mistake he committed,"

6:28 Noah (peace be upon him) mentions his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge,

6:34 which is his saying:

6:36 “And Noah said: My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land.” (71:26)

6:41 "And he will mention to them the mistakes he committed,"

6:46 meaning: Abraham (peace be upon him) mentions his three equivocal statements:

6:50 namely, his saying,

6:52 "Rather, this biggest one of them did it,"

6:54 regarding the smashing of the idols;

6:56 and his saying to his wife,

6:58 "I am your brother";

7:00 and his saying,

7:01 "Indeed, I am sick."

7:03 "And he will mention to them the mistake he committed,"

7:07 meaning: Moses (peace be upon him) mentions his killing of the Copt.

7:11 "And His Word,"

7:13 meaning: a word that Allah spoke,

7:16 by which Jesus came into being;

7:18 he was not that word itself,

7:20 but rather came to be through it.

7:22 "And a spirit from Him,"

7:24 meaning: one of the spirits that He created and perfected

7:27 with noble attributes and consummate character.

7:31 "I will fall down in prostration before Him,"

7:34 meaning: he (peace be upon him) will drop down prostrating.

7:39 "And He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me,"

7:43 meaning: Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, will leave him in prostration for as long as He decrees.

7:48 "He will set a limit for me,"

7:50 meaning: He will specify for me in each stage of intercession a defined group,

7:56 at which I must stop and not exceed.

7:59 "No one remains in the Fire except those whom the Qur'an has detained,"

8:04 meaning: those whom the Qur'an has informed will abide therein eternally.

8:08 "Of goodness," meaning: of faith.

8:12 "Equals the weight of a barley grain":

8:14 barley is the well-known grain.

8:17 "Equals the weight of a wheat grain,"

8:19 meaning: a single grain of wheat.

8:21 "An atom (dharrah),"

8:22 meaning: the smallest measurable entity;

8:25 and it has been said:

8:26 the fine dust particles visible in a beam of sunlight,

8:30 akin to the tips of needles.

8:36 First:

8:37 faith increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience.

8:43 Second:

8:44 affirming the divine attribute of the Hand for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic.

8:48 Third:

8:49 affirming the attribute of knowledge for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic.

8:53 Fourth:

8:54 the prophets possess special distinctions with which Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, uniquely favored them;

9:00 Adam (peace be upon him) was singled out by the angels prostrating to him,

9:04 among other special distinctions.

9:07 Fifth:

9:08 Noah (peace be upon him) was made the first messenger among those He sent after the Flood.

9:15 Sixth:

9:17 taking Abraham (peace be upon him) as an Intimate Friend.

9:21 Seventh:

9:23 Allah speaking directly to Moses (peace be upon him).

9:27 Eighth:

9:29 affirming the divine attribute of speech for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic.

9:33 Ninth:

9:34 The affirmation of the intercession for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

9:39 which is the Praiseworthy Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud).

9:42 Tenth:

9:43 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was exclusively granted multiple forms of intercession.

9:49 The first of these is the intercession in the plains of the Day of Resurrection,

9:53 to relieve all the people gathered at the Standing from its terrors,

9:56 as mentioned at the beginning of the hadith.

9:58 Among them is also the intercession to rescue people from the Fire,

10:01 as mentioned at the end of the hadith.

10:03 Eleventh:

10:05 The hadith establishes the Prophet's intercession for the perpetrators of major sins among his Ummah.

10:12 Twelfth:

10:14 Demonstrating the virtue of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

10:18 and his compassion toward his Ummah and all other nations.

10:23 Thirteenth:

10:25 The hadith indicates that a group of disobedient monotheists will enter the Fire.

10:30 Fourteenth:

10:32 Those who commit major sins among the monotheists

10:35 do not become disbelievers by committing them, nor will they abide eternally in the Fire.

10:40 Fifteenth:

10:42 The hadith provides evidence for the requirement of pronouncing the two testimonies of faith.

10:47 Sixteenth:

10:49 The affirmation of varying degrees of excellence among the people of faith.

10:52 Seventeenth:

10:54 In summary,

10:55 this hadith is among the comprehensive foundations encompassing many matters of creed.

11:03 On the authority of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab,

11:05 a Jewish man said to him:

11:08 "O Commander of the Faithful,

11:11 there is a verse in your Book that you recite;

11:14 had it been revealed to us, the community of Jews,

11:17 we would have taken that day as a festival."

11:21 He asked:

11:22 "Which verse?"

11:24 The man said:

11:25 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)

11:28 "'...and I have perfected My favor upon you...'"

11:31 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)

11:34 'Umar said:

11:37 "We know well that day

11:39 and the place in which it was revealed to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him:

11:45 while he was standing at 'Arafah on a Friday."

11:49 Commentary on the hadith:

11:53 "A man"

11:54 refers to Ka'b al-Ahbar.

11:57 "We would have taken that day as a festival,"

12:00 meaning: we would have venerated it and made it an annual festival for ourselves,

12:04 owing to the magnificence of what occurred therein of the perfection of the religion.

12:08 "We know well that day and the place in which it was revealed"

12:12 means:

12:13 we did not neglect this matter,

12:16 nor are the time and place of its revelation hidden from us,

12:20 nor did we abandon venerating that day and place.

12:24 "At 'Arafah on a Friday":

12:28 it was a day in which two distinct virtues and honors converged,

12:31 thereby increasing its veneration.

12:34 Among the benefits of the hadith:

12:38 First:

12:39 The hadith contains

12:40 a reminder of what Allah, Glorified be He, bestowed upon the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

12:47 by way of the perfection of the religion.

12:49 Second:

12:51 It provides evidence that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, perfected the religion during the lifetime of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

12:59 hence, it does not need completion,

13:02 nor can anything previously non-existent be innovated into it,

13:05 nor can anything unknown be introduced into it.

13:08 Third:

13:10 The perfection of favor is realized by entering Paradise,

13:13 which constitutes tremendous glad tidings.

13:16 Fourth:

13:17 An illustration of the Jews' envy toward the Muslims over this blessing.

13:22 Fifth:

13:24 The verse provides evidence for the increase and decrease of faith;

13:28 for the perfection of the religion is attained only through the completion of the Sharia,

13:32 and the conception of perfection

13:34 inherently necessitates the conception of deficiency.

13:37 Chapter:

13:38 Zakat is Part of Islam.

13:43 On the authority of Talhah ibn 'Ubaydullah, who said:

13:47 A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

13:52 from the people of Najd,

13:54 with disheveled hair.

13:56 The drone of his voice could be heard,

13:58 but what he was saying could not be understood,

14:00 until he drew close,

14:02 and behold, he was asking about Islam.

14:05 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

14:09 "Five prayers during the day and night."

14:13 He said:

14:14 "Do I owe any other besides them?"

14:17 He replied: "No,

14:18 unless you perform voluntary prayers."

14:21 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

14:24 "And fasting the month of Ramadan."

14:27 He said:

14:28 He asked:

14:29 "Do I owe any other besides it?"

14:31 He replied: "No,

14:32 unless you fast voluntarily."

14:35 He said:

14:36 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, mentioned zakat to him.

14:41 He asked:

14:42 "Do I owe any other besides it?"

14:45 He replied: "No,

14:46 unless you give voluntary charity."

14:49 He said:

14:51 The man turned back, saying:

14:54 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it."

14:59 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

15:03 "He has succeeded if he was truthful."

15:06 And in another narration:

15:08 "He will enter Paradise if he was truthful."

15:11 Commentary on the hadith:

15:16 "Zakat is part of Islam,"

15:18 meaning that zakat is one of the branches of faith.

15:22 "A man came":

15:24 it is said that he was Dimam ibn Tha'labah.

15:27 "With disheveled hair,"

15:29 meaning his hair was unkempt due to forsaking luxury.

15:34 "The drone of his voice could be heard, but what he was saying could not be understood,"

15:37 meaning a loud, indistinct sound was heard,

15:41 but its meaning was not comprehended.

15:43 "And behold":

15:44 the particle indicates suddenness.

15:46 "About Islam,"

15:48 meaning about its prescribed laws.

15:50 "Unless you perform voluntary acts":

15:52 tatawwu' refers to supererogatory deeds.

15:55 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it,"

15:59 meaning regarding the obligatory duties.

16:01 "He has succeeded":

16:02 falah denotes triumph and lasting prosperity.

16:05 "The man succeeded"

16:07 means he attained what he sought and acquired good.

16:11 Among the benefits of the hadith:

16:15 First:

16:17 Among the prescribed rites of Islam

16:19 are prayer, zakat, and fasting,

16:22 and they are branches of faith.

16:25 Second:

16:26 The five daily prayers

16:28 are obligatory upon every legally responsible person

16:30 each day and night.

16:33 Third:

16:34 It is permissible to swear by Allah Almighty without being asked to swear and without absolute necessity,

16:40 because the man swore an oath in the presence of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

16:44 without his disapproval.

16:46 Fourth:

16:49 If a person succeeds merely by confining himself to obligatory deeds,

16:52 then his success by combining recommended deeds with obligatory ones is even more assured.

16:58 Chapter:

16:59 Following Funeral Processions is Part of Faith.

17:02 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah,

17:05 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

17:09 "Whoever follows the funeral procession of a Muslim out of faith and anticipation of Allah's reward,

17:14 and remains with it until the funeral prayer is offered and the burial is completed,

17:19 will return with a reward of two qirats,

17:23 each qirat being like the mountain of Uhud.

17:26 And whoever prays over the deceased and then leaves before the burial,

17:31 will return with one qirat."

17:34 Commentary on the hadith:

17:38 "Following funeral processions is part of faith,"

17:42 meaning that following funeral processions is one of the branches of faith.

17:46 "Whoever follows,"

17:48 meaning walks along with it and attends it.

17:50 "A funeral procession" (janazah):

17:52 janazah is a term applied to both the deceased and the bier.

17:56 "Out of faith and anticipation of reward,"

17:58 meaning seeking the countenance of Allah Almighty through following it,

18:02 and affirming the virtue of following funeral processions.

18:06 "With two qirats":

18:09 a qirat is a term denoting a designated measure of reward,

18:12 which may refer to a lesser or greater amount.

18:15 "Like Uhud":

18:17 Uhud was specifically mentioned

18:19 because it is the greatest mountain in Medina,

18:21 and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

18:23 loved it,

18:25 and it loved him.

18:27 Among the benefits of the hadith:

18:30 First:

18:33 The encouragement to offer the funeral prayer over the deceased,

18:35 to follow his funeral procession,

18:37 and to attend his burial.

18:39 Second:

18:41 Highlighting the greatness of the reward for the funeral prayer

18:43 and attending the burial.

18:45 Third:

18:47 The hadith indicates that

18:49 the aforementioned reward

18:51 is attained only by the one who follows it

18:53 out of faith and anticipation of reward;

18:55 for attending it falls into three

18:57 categories:

18:59 seeking Allah's reward, reciprocating a favor,

19:01 or out of social apprehension.

19:04 Fourth:

19:06 Demonstrating the vastness of the bounty of Allah Almighty.

19:08 Chapter: A Believer's Fear

19:11 lest his good deeds become nullified

19:13 while he is unaware.

19:16 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud,

19:18 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

19:20 said:

19:22 "Reviling a Muslim is an act of wickedness,

19:24 and fighting him is an act of disbelief."

19:26 Commentary

19:29 on the hadith:

19:31 "Lest his good deeds become nullified,"

19:34 meaning that he is deprived of the reward for his deeds,

19:36 because one is not rewarded

19:38 except for that which was done with sincere devotion.

19:40 "Reviling" (sibab):

19:42 Insulting, which means

19:44 cursing and maligning someone's honor

19:46 with disparaging remarks.

19:48 "An act of wickedness" (fusuq): wicked disobedience (fisq)

19:50 is straying beyond the bounds of obedience.

19:53 Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

19:55 First,

19:58 the sacred prohibition against reviling a Muslim,

20:00 and that whoever does so is guilty of wickedness.

20:02 Second,

20:04 the inviolability of a Muslim's blood,

20:06 and that killing him is among the major sins.

20:08 Third,

20:10 in the hadith there is a refutation of the Murji'ah

20:12 in their claim

20:14 that no deed can ever be nullified

20:16 by any sin,

20:18 and that the faith of the disobedient and the obedient

20:20 are entirely equal.

20:24 On the authority of 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit,

20:26 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

20:28 came out to inform the people

20:30 of the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree),

20:32 but two Muslim men were quarreling.

20:34 He said:

20:36 "I came out to inform you

20:38 of the Night of Decree,

20:40 but so-and-so and so-and-so

20:42 were quarreling,

20:44 so the specific knowledge of it was taken away;

20:46 yet that may well be better for you.

20:48 Seek it, then,

20:50 in the seventh, the ninth, or the fifth."

20:52 Commentary on the hadith:

20:54 "They were quarreling,"

20:57 meaning they were disputing

20:59 and contending with one another.

21:01 "Two men":

21:03 They were 'Abdullah Ibn Abi Hadrad

21:05 and Ka'b Ibn Malik

21:07 (may Allah be pleased with them both).

21:09 "It was taken away,"

21:11 meaning the explicit disclosure and designation of it was lifted;

21:13 otherwise, the night itself remains

21:15 until the Day of Resurrection,

21:17 as evidenced by his saying (peace be upon him):

21:19 "Seek it."

21:21 Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

21:23 First,

21:25 the blameworthiness of quarreling and contention,

21:28 and that they are

21:30 a cause for general deprivation falling upon the public

21:32 due to the sin of specific individuals.

21:34 Second,

21:37 any gathering in which Satan is present

21:39 has blessing and goodness

21:41 lifted away from it.

21:43 Third,

21:45 in withholding the exact designation of the Night of Decree

21:47 lies an anticipated good,

21:49 as it yields greater reward

21:51 by serving as an incentive to increase

21:53 one's striving in seeking it out.

21:55 Fourth,

21:57 the hadith contains

21:59 an indication of the immense danger

22:01 of division and discord.

22:03 Fifth,

22:05 it guides a person to scrutinize

22:07 his actions and safeguard them from anything

22:09 that invalidates them.

22:12 Chapter: Gabriel's Questioning of the Prophet

22:14 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

22:16 Concerning Faith (Iman), Islam,

22:18 and Excellence (Ihsan).

22:20 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah

22:23 (may Allah be pleased with him):

22:25 One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

22:27 was sitting

22:29 openly before the people,

22:31 when a man approached him,

22:33 walking on foot,

22:35 and said, "O Messenger of Allah,

22:37 what is faith?"

22:39 He replied, "Faith

22:41 is to believe in Allah, His angels,

22:43 His Messengers,

22:45 the meeting with Him,

22:47 and to believe in the Final Resurrection."

22:49 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

22:51 what is Islam?"

22:53 He replied,

22:55 "Islam is to worship Allah

22:57 and associate nothing with Him,

22:59 to establish prayer,

23:01 to pay the obligatory

23:03 zakat, and to fast

23:05 Ramadan."

23:07 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

23:09 what is excellence?"

23:11 He replied, "Excellence

23:13 is to worship Allah as though you

23:15 see Him, and if

23:17 you do not see Him, then truly

23:19 He sees you."

23:21 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

23:23 when is the Hour?"

23:25 He replied, "The one questioned

23:27 about it knows no better than the questioner.

23:29 However,

23:31 I will inform you of its portents:

23:33 when the female slave gives birth

23:35 to her mistress,

23:37 that is among its portents;

23:39 and when the barefoot,

23:41 naked ones become the leaders of the people."

23:43 And in another narration:

23:45 "When the female slave gives birth to her master;

23:47 and when the destitute shepherds

23:49 of black camels vie with one another

23:51 in building lofty structures—

23:53 that is among its portents.

23:55 It is among five things that none knows

23:57 except Allah:

24:00 ◁Indeed, Allah alone possesses

24:02 knowledge of the Hour, and sends down

24:04 the rain, and knows

24:06 what is in the wombs...▷"

24:08 Then the man turned away and left.

24:10 The Prophet said,

24:12 "Bring him back to me!"

24:14 They went to bring him back,

24:16 but they could see nothing.

24:18 Thereupon he said,

24:20 "That was Gabriel;

24:22 he came to teach the people

24:24 their religion."

24:27 Commentary on the hadith:

24:30 The hadith of Gabriel

24:32 is called the core foundation of the Sunnah.

24:34 "Openly,"

24:36 meaning visible to them, seated in their company.

24:38 "The Final Resurrection":

24:40 a person's birth

24:42 is a emergence from the womb,

24:44 and their gathering from the grave

24:46 is an emergence from the earth;

24:48 thus the resurrection was specified as "the Final"

24:50 to distinguish it.

24:52 "To worship Allah,"

24:54 meaning to obey Him, devoting worship purely to Him,

24:56 while following in it His Messenger

24:58 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

25:00 "And to pay zakat,"

25:03 meaning to distribute it

25:05 to those entitled to receive it.

25:07 "The Hour,"

25:09 meaning the Day of Resurrection.

25:11 "Its portents,"

25:13 its signs.

25:16 "Her mistress,"

25:18 meaning her master.

25:20 "The barefoot and naked,"

25:22 meaning those who possess nothing.

25:24 The meaning is

25:26 that the impoverished and destitute

25:28 will have worldly wealth opened up for them,

25:30 so they will vie in constructing lofty buildings

25:32 and become the leaders of mankind.

25:34 "None knows them

25:36 except Allah,"

25:38 meaning He has kept their knowledge exclusively to Himself.

25:40 "That was Gabriel":

25:42 angels take form

25:44 in the shapes of human beings.

25:46 "To teach the people their religion,"

25:48 meaning the foundational principles of their religion

25:50 and its overarching doctrines.

25:53 Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

25:55 First,

25:58 regarding "Islam" and "faith":

26:00 when they are mentioned together in a single hadith,

26:02 Islam applies to the outward

26:04 actions,

26:06 while faith pertains to inward deeds.

26:08 Second:

26:10 spiritual excellence (ihsan) in this hadith

26:12 refers to perfecting acts of worship,

26:14 observing the rights of Allah,

26:16 and maintaining awareness of Him.

26:18 Third:

26:20 urging toward total sincerity in worship

26:22 and the mindful awareness of Allah Almighty

26:24 across all of its forms,

26:26 accompanied by humble reverence,

26:28 submission, and presence of heart.

26:30 Fourth:

26:32 part of the proper etiquette of a scholar,

26:34 when asked about what he does not know,

26:36 is to say: "I do not know."

26:38 Fifth:

26:41 the Hour has portents,

26:43 some of which have already passed while others remain.

26:45 Sixth:

26:47 this hadith

26:49 encompasses an explanation of all

26:51 the duties of the religion;

26:53 indeed, all disciplines of the Shariah

26:55 trace back to it.

26:59 Chapter: The Virtue of One Who Safeguards

27:02 His Religion.

27:04 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, who said:

27:06 I heard the Messenger of Allah,

27:08 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

27:10 say: "The lawful is clear,

27:12 and the unlawful is clear,

27:14 and between them are doubtful matters

27:16 that many

27:18 of the people do not know.

27:20 So whoever avoids doubtful matters

27:22 safeguards his religion

27:24 and his honor;

27:26 and whoever falls into doubts—"

27:28 In another narration:

27:30 "So whoever abandons that which appears doubtful to him

27:32 regarding sin

27:34 will be all the more forsaking of what is plainly sinful;

27:36 and whoever ventures into what

27:38 he suspects to be a sin

27:40 is on the verge of committing

27:42 what is plainly forbidden."

27:44 And sins are the sanctuary of Allah;

27:46 "like a shepherd who grazes his flock around

27:48 a private pasture, nearly

27:50 encroaching upon it.

27:52 Truly, every king possesses

27:54 a sanctuary, and indeed

27:56 the sanctuary of Allah on His earth

27:58 is His prohibitions. Truly,

28:01 in the body there is a lump of flesh:

28:03 if it is sound,

28:05 the entire body is sound;

28:07 and if it is corrupt,

28:09 the entirety of it is corrupt.

28:11 Truly, it is the heart."

28:14 Commentary on the Hadith:

28:16 "Clear"

28:18 means beyond doubt.

28:21 "Doubtful matters"

28:23 means obscure or ambiguous issues

28:25 unknown to many people,

28:27 though the scholars

28:29 recognize them.

28:31 "Avoids"

28:33 means stays clear of.

28:35 "Safeguards his religion and his honor"

28:37 means his religion remains safe from anything that impairs

28:39 or diminishes it,

28:41 and his honor remains safe from anything that dishonors it.

28:43 "Nearly"

28:45 means comes close to.

28:47 "Encroaching upon it"

28:49 means falling into it.

28:51 "A private pasture" refers to lands

28:53 preserved exclusively by rulers,

28:55 designated as pastures for their own livestock,

28:57 around which they threaten anyone who nears them.

28:59 "His prohibitions"

29:01 are those matters that the Law has expressly established

29:03 as forbidden.

29:06 "A lump of flesh"

29:08 denotes a piece of meat.

29:10 Key Benefits of the Hadith:

29:12 First:

29:15 the hadith encompasses

29:17 the rulings of the lawful, the unlawful,

29:19 and ambiguous matters,

29:21 along with what rectifies hearts and what corrupts them,

29:23 and the direct dependence

29:25 of physical actions upon them.

29:27 Second:

29:29 it is incumbent upon every legally accountable person

29:31 to exert full effort in rectifying his heart

29:33 and guiding the soul

29:35 toward noble character,

29:37 so as to achieve the purity of his heart

29:39 and its righteousness.

Summary of Sahih Al-Bukhari | Episode (6) | Book of Faith - 4

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