Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 116 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (137) | The ruling of Saad bin Muadh, may God be pleased with him, regarding Banu Qurayza
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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A Summary of the Prophetic Biography.
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Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid Al-Azmi, may Allah preserve him.
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The arrival of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) and his judgment regarding Banu Qurayzah.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent for Sa'd ibn Mu'adh.
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He was brought riding on a donkey fitted with a pack-saddle made of palm fibers.
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An *ikaf* refers to a padded saddle rope assembly.
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He was helped onto it and surrounded by his people, who kept saying:
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"O Abu 'Amr!
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Remember your allies, your clients, and those who inflict damage on the enemy—
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—and those whom you know well!"
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But he did not utter a single word back to them,
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nor did he pay any attention to them.
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When he approached their quarters,
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he turned to his people and said:
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"The time has come for Sa'd not to care about the blame of any critic for the sake of Allah."
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When he appeared before the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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the Messenger of Allah said:
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"Stand up for your master and help him down."
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Then the Messenger of Allah said:
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"Pass judgment upon them."
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Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"My judgment regarding them is
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that their combatants be killed,
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their offspring taken as captives,
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and their wealth divided."
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The Messenger of Allah said:
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"You have judged among them with the judgment of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, and the judgment of His Messenger."
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In a narration by Imam Ahmad and At-Tirmidhi with an authentic chain of transmission,
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Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:
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"He ruled that their men be killed
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and that their women and children be spared,
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so that the Muslims could benefit from them."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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"You have struck upon Allah's judgment regarding them."
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In a narration by Al-Hakim with a fair chain of transmission,
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Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"The Messenger of Allah said:
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'Today he has judged among them with the judgment of Allah,
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which He decreed from above seven heavens.'"
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Allah Almighty spoke the truth when He said:
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“And He brought those of the People of the Scripture who supported them down from their strongholds, and cast panic into their hearts. Some ye slew, and ye made captive some.” (33:26)
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“And He brought those of the People of the Scripture who supported them down from their strongholds, and cast panic into their hearts. Some ye slew, and ye made captive some.” (33:26)
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"And He made you inherit their land, their homes, their wealth, and a land you had never trodden before. And Allah is over all things Competent."
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"And Allah is over all things Competent."
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Execution of the judgment regarding Banu Qurayzah.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered—
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—pursuant to the ruling regarding the Jews of Banu Qurayzah—
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that everyone among them who had reached puberty be killed, while whoever had not reached puberty be left alone.
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So their necks were struck in trenches dug in the market of Medina,
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and they numbered four hundred men.
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Imam Ahmad narrated in his *Musnad*, as well as At-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud with an authentic chain of transmission,
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on the authority of 'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi who said:
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"We were presented before the Prophet (peace be upon him) on the day of Qurayzah;
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whoever had grown pubic hair was killed, and whoever had not grown pubic hair was set free.
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I was among those who had not grown pubic hair, so I was set free."
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In a narration by Ibn Hibban in his *Sahih* with an authentic chain of transmission,
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'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi said:
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"I was among the first over whom Sa'd passed judgment.
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My father was brought, and I thought he would kill me.
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So they inspected my pubic area,
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and when they found that I had not grown pubic hair,
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they placed me among the captives."
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Imam At-Tirmidhi said in his *Jami'*:
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"And the practice among some of the people of knowledge is based upon this,
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for they regard the growth of pubic hair as reaching puberty
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if one's wet dream or age is unknown;
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this is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq."
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their *Sahihs*
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on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"The Jews of Banu An-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah
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waged war against the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him);
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so he exiled Banu An-Nadir
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and allowed Banu Qurayzah to remain, bestowing favor upon them,
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until Banu Qurayzah fought thereafter.
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So their men were killed,
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and their women and children were distributed among the Muslims."
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No woman from Banu Qurayzah was killed except one woman;
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indeed, none of the women of the Jews of Banu Qurayzah were killed
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except a single woman.
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Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and Al-Hakim narrated—
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and the wording is that of Al-Hakim—
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with a fair chain of transmission,
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on the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not kill
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any woman from Banu Qurayzah
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except one single woman.
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By Allah, she was sitting with me, laughing heartily,
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while the Messenger of Allah
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was executing their men with swords,
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when a caller called out her name:
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'Where is so-and-so?'
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She said: 'By Allah, it is I!'
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I said: 'Woe to you, what is wrong with you?'
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She replied: 'By Allah, I am to be killed.'
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I asked: 'Why?'
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She said: 'Because of an act I committed.'"
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Ibn Hisham stated in his *Seerah*:
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"She was the one who threw the millstone upon Khallad ibn Suwayd (may Allah be pleased with him) and killed him.
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So she was taken away and her neck was struck.
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I shall never forget my wonder at her good cheer and frequent laughter,
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even though she knew she was to be executed."
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The death of the great leader,
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Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him).
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Allah, Almighty and Glorious, answered
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the supplication of His righteous servant, Sa'd ibn Mu'adh,
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granting him joy and comforting his heart regarding the Jews of Banu Qurayzah.
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So when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) finished
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executing their men,
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Sa'd's wound burst open again, and he passed away (may Allah be pleased with him).
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Imam Ahmad narrated in his *Musnad* and At-Tirmidhi in his *Jami'* with an authentic chain of transmission,
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on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"When he finished executing them,
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his vein ruptured, and he passed away."
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their *Sahihs*
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on the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"Sa'd supplicated:
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'O Allah, You know that there is no one against whom I would love to strive for Your cause more
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than a people who denied Your Messenger (peace be upon him) and expelled him.
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O Allah, I believe You have brought the war between us and them to an end.
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If there remains any further warfare with the Quraysh,
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keep me alive for it so that I may strive against them for Your cause;
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but if You have brought the war to an end, then cause my wound to burst and let my death be in it.'
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So it burst from his lower neck—that is, his collarbone area—
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and nothing alerted the people
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in the tent of Banu Ghifar inside the mosque
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except the blood flowing toward them.
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They exclaimed: 'O people of the tent,
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what is this coming to us from your side?'
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There was Sa'd, his wound profusely bleeding,
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and he passed away from it (may Allah be pleased with him)."
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Then Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) was carried
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after his funeral preparations were completed,
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and the angels carried his bier alongside the people.
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His bier was remarkably light because the angels were carrying it.
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Imam At-Tirmidhi and Al-Hakim narrated with an authentic chain of transmission,
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on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"When the bier of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh was carried,
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the hypocrites said:
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'How light his bier is!'
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They added: 'That is only because of his judgment regarding Banu Qurayzah.'
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News of this reached the Prophet (peace be upon him), so he said:
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'No,
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rather the angels were carrying him.'"
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their *Sahihs*—
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and the wording is that of Al-Bukhari—
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on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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'The Throne shook at the death of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh.'"
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Imam Adh-Dhahabi said:
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"The Throne is a creation of Allah subjected to His command;
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whenever He wills it to shake,
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it shakes by the will of Allah.
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Allah endowed it with a feeling of love for Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him),
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just as the Almighty placed a feeling in Mount Uhud
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of love for the Prophet (peace be upon him)."
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And the Almighty said:
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“And assuredly We gave David grace from Us, (saying): O ye hills and birds, echo his psalms of praise! And We made the iron supple unto him,” (34:10)
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And He said:
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“The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein praise Him, and there is not a thing but hymneth His praise; but ye understand not their praise. Lo! He is ever Clement, Forgiving.” (17:44)
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Then He generalized, saying:
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“The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein praise Him, and there is not a thing but hymneth His praise; but ye understand not their praise. Lo! He is ever Clement, Forgiving.” (17:44)
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"And this is the truth."
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In *Sahih Al-Bukhari*,
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there is the statement of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him):
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"We used to hear the food praising Allah while it was being eaten."
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This is a vast subject whose path is through faith.
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The revelation of Surat Al-Ahzab.
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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"And Allah Almighty revealed regarding the matter of the Trench
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and the matter of Banu Qurayzah, from the Qur'an,
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Surat Al-Ahzab,
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mentioning in it the trial that descended,
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His favor upon them,
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and His sufficiency for them when He relieved them of that distress
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after the foolish claims made by the hypocrites.
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A Summary of the Prophetic Biography.
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Though the longing of people for one another may grow long,
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the yearning for you knows no bounds.
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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised,
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and lips move to pronounce the remaining words.