Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 182 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (205) | Prayers for the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his burial
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),
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Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azmi, may Allah preserve him.
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Preparing, Washing, and Shrouding the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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When Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was pledged allegiance as Caliph,
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The family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) turned to preparing and washing his noble body,
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And they differed regarding how to proceed.
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, and Abu Dawud in his Sunan with a good chain of narration,
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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"When they intended to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), they differed concerning him,
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Saying: 'By Allah, we do not know what to do:
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Should we strip the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) of his garments as we strip our dead, or should we wash him with his clothes on?'"
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She said:
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"So when they differed, Allah cast a slumber upon them,
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Until, by Allah, there was not a single man among them whose chin was not resting on his chest, fast asleep.
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She said:
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Then a voice addressed them from the corner of the house, though they did not know who it was,
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Saying:
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'Wash the Prophet (peace be upon him) while his clothes are on him.'
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She said:
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So they sprang up,
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And washed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) while he was wearing his shirt,
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Pouring water and lotus leaves (sidr) over him, and gently rubbing him over the shirt."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence,
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"When the people gathered to wash the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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There was no one in the house except his family:
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His uncle al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib,
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'Ali ibn Abi Talib,
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Al-Fadl ibn al-'Abbas,
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Qutham ibn al-'Abbas,
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Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah,
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And Salih, his freed slave—
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That is, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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When they had resolved to begin washing him,
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Aws ibn Khawli al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) called out from behind the door—
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He was one of Banu 'Awf ibn al-Khazraj,
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And a veteran of Badr—
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Calling out to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him),
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Saying to him:
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'O 'Ali, I adjure you by Allah and by our share in the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)!'
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'Ali said to him, 'Enter.'
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So he entered,
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And attended the washing of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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Though he did not directly handle anything in his washing."
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He said:
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"'Ali leaned him against his chest while he was wearing his shirt,
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And al-'Abbas, al-Fadl, and Qutham
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Were turning him along with 'Ali ibn Abi Talib,
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While Usamah ibn Zayd and Salih, their freed slave, poured the water.
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'Ali began washing him,
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And not a single flaw or sign of decomposition
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Such as is usually seen on a deceased person was seen on the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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While 'Ali kept saying:
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'May my father and mother be ransomed for you! How pure and sweet you are, alive and dead!'"
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When they finished washing the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)—
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And he was washed with water and lotus leaves—
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They dried him,
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And then shrouded him in three garments.
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The two Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahihs,
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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded
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In three white Sahuli garments
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Made of cotton,
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Containing neither a shirt nor a turban."
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Imam at-Tirmidhi said in his Jami':
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"Various narrations have been reported
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Regarding the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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And the hadith of 'A'ishah
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Is the most authentic of the narrations reported concerning the shroud of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
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And the practice is according to the hadith of 'A'ishah
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Among the majority of the people of knowledge
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From the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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And others."
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The Funeral Prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was shrouded,
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Permission was given to the people to pray over him individually,
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With no one leading them as an imam.
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad
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With an authentic chain of narration,
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On the authority of Abu 'Usayb (may Allah be pleased with him),
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That he witnessed the funeral prayer over the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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They asked, "How shall we pray over him?"
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He replied, "Enter in groups, wave after wave."
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He said: "So they would enter from this door,
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Pray over him,
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And then exit through the other door."
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"This practice—
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Namely, their praying over him (peace be upon him) individually,
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Without anyone leading them—
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Is a matter of consensus, without any difference of opinion."
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The Burial of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was buried in the exact spot where he passed away.
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad and at-Tirmidhi in his Jami',
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With a chain that is authentic through its collective routes and supporting reports,
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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away,
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They differed regarding his burial.
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Thereupon Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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'I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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Something that I have never forgotten;
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He said:
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"Allah never takes the soul of a Prophet except in the very place where he loves to be buried."
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Bury him in the spot of his bed.'"
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Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in ash-Shama'il with an authentic chain of narration,
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On the authority of Salim ibn 'Ubayd al-Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"They said to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him):
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'O companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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Is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to be buried?'
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He replied, 'Yes.'
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They asked, 'Where?'
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He (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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'In the place where Allah took his soul,
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For Allah would not take his soul except in a blessed and pure place.'"
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad,
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And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with a good chain of narration,
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away,
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There was a man in Medina who used to dig graves with a side niche (lahd),
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And another who dug straight trench graves (darh).
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So they said:
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'Let us seek guidance from our Lord (istikharah) and send for both of them,
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And whichever of them arrives first, we shall leave the work to him.'
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So messengers were sent to both of them,
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And the one who dug the side niche (lahd) arrived first,
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So they dug a lahd grave for the Prophet (peace be upon him)."
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Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih with a sound chain of narration,
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"Those who entered the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) were
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Al-'Abbas, 'Ali, and al-Fadl;
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And a man from the Ansar leveled the bricks of his niche,
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The same one who had prepared the niches for the martyrs on the day of Badr."
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The Sheikh commented in the footnote:
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"He was Abu Talhah Zayd ibn Sahl al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him)."
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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih,
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"There was placed in the grave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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A red velvet cloth."
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Imam at-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a good chain of narration,
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On the authority of Shuqran (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"By Allah, it was I who spread the velvet cloth beneath the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the grave."
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Ibn Majah recorded with a chain that is good due to corroborating evidence,
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"Shuqran, his freed slave, took a velvet cloth
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That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to wear,
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And placed it in the grave,
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Saying: 'By Allah, no one shall ever wear it after you!'
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So it was buried alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."
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The burial of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took place on Wednesday night,
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Late in the night on the eve of Wednesday.
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"The correct view is that he (peace be upon him) remained through the rest of Monday and the entirety of Tuesday, and was buried on Wednesday night."
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Imam as-Sindi said:
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"The reason for delaying his burial (peace be upon him)
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Was due to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) being occupied with momentous affairs,
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Such as the pledge of allegiance, whose delay was feared to cause tribulations (fitnah)."
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The Exclusive Distinctions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Concerning His Shroud and Grave.
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Imam adh-Dhahabi said:
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"As for his being buried in the room of 'A'ishah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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It is exclusive to him,
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Just as he was exclusively distinguished by having a velvet cloth spread beneath him in his grave niche,
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And as he was exclusively distinguished by having the people pray over him individually without an imam,
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For he remained their imam alive and dead, in this world and the Hereafter;
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And as he was exclusively distinguished by having his burial delayed for two days,
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Whereas delaying burial is disliked for his Ummah,
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Because his noble body was safe from physical change, unlike the rest of us;
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Furthermore, they delayed it so that all of them could pray over him inside his room,
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Which took a long time to accomplish;
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And also because they hesitated during the first half of the first day regarding his death,
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Until Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived from as-Sunh.
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These were the reasons for the delay."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with an authentic chain of narration,
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"I never saw a day more radiant or more beautiful
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Than the day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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And Abu Bakr entered Medina,
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And I witnessed his death,
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And I never saw a day darker or more sorrowful
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Than the day on which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad,
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And Ibn Majah in his Sunan with an authentic chain of narration,
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"When the day came that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered Medina,
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Everything in it was illuminated,
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But when the day came that he died, everything in it turned dark.
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And no sooner had we dusted off our hands from burying the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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Than we felt a profound change in our hearts."
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih,
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) said when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away:
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'O my father! He has answered the call of a Lord Who summoned him!
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O my father! The Garden of Firdaws is now his abode!
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O my father! To Gabriel we announce his death!'
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I say: 'To Allah we belong and to Him we shall return.'
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And we bear witness before Allah, Exalted and Glorified is He,
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That His Messenger (peace be upon him) delivered the message,
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and he fulfilled the trust, gave sincere counsel to the Ummah,
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and left us upon the clear, illuminated path,
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whose night is as bright as its day.
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May the peace, blessings, and grace of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad,
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and upon all his family and Companions.
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An Abridgment of the Prophetic biography (Seerah):
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If people's longing for one another endures,
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then the yearning for you is beyond all measure.
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May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised,
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and whenever lips move
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with the enduring remembrance of Allah.