Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (130) | The siege of Banu Nadir and their surrender

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

0:13 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

0:17 Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi.

0:23 May Allah preserve him.

0:25 The Siege of Banu al-Nadir.

0:33 And their surrender.

0:35 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with his Companions toward the Banu al-Nadir.

0:42 He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina.

0:47 When the Jews of Banu al-Nadir saw him,

0:50 They fortified themselves within their strongholds.

0:53 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them for six nights.

0:58 He ordered that their palm trees be burned and cut down.

1:01 The two Sheikhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahih collections,

1:04 On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

1:07 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, burned and cut down the palm trees of Banu al-Nadir.

1:13 This was at al-Buwayrah.

1:15 It is a location belonging to the Banu al-Nadir.

1:17 Then it was revealed:

1:19 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5)

1:26 By the permission of Allah.

1:28 And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient.

1:32 Imam al-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a sound (sahih) chain of narration,

1:37 On the authority of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, regarding the saying of Allah the Almighty:

1:42 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5)

1:49 He said:

1:50 "Al-Linah" refers to the palm tree.

1:53 "And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient."

1:55 He said:

1:57 He brought them down from their strongholds.

1:59 And they were ordered to cut down the palm trees.

2:01 The siege intensified upon the Jews of Banu al-Nadir.

2:05 They became certain that their fortresses would not protect them from Allah.

2:09 Allah the Almighty cast terror into their hearts.

2:13 At that point, they sought a settlement with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for their departure (exile).

2:19 And that they could take whatever wealth and belongings their camels could carry,

2:24 Except for weapons.

2:26 Imam al-Qurtubi said in his Tafsir:

2:29 "Al-Jala'" (exile) means departing from one's homeland.

2:32 The difference between "al-Jala'" and "al-Ikhraj" (expulsion),

2:35 Even if their meanings are similar, lies in two aspects:

2:39 The first:

2:41 That "al-Jala'" occurs with one's family and children.

2:44 While "al-Ikhraj" may occur while the family and children remain.

2:49 The second:

2:51 That "al-Jala'" only applies to a group.

2:54 While "al-Ikhraj" applies to an individual or a group.

2:58 Al-Hakim recorded in al-Mustadrak with a fair (hasan) chain of narration,

3:02 On the authority of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

3:06 The expedition of Banu al-Nadir took place,

3:08 And they were a faction of the Jews,

3:11 Six months after the Battle of Badr.

3:15 Their dwellings and palm trees were in the outskirts of Medina.

3:20 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them,

3:24 Until they agreed to exile,

3:27 And that they could take whatever their camels could carry,

3:30 Of belongings and wealth,

3:32 Except for the "halqah," meaning weapons.

3:35 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

3:38 On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

3:42 The Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayza,

3:45 Fought against the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

3:48 So the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, exiled the Banu al-Nadir,

3:53 And left the Banu Qurayza and showed them favor,

3:56 Until the Banu Qurayza fought later on.

4:00 Then their men were killed, and their women, children, and wealth were divided among the Muslims.

4:12 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took possession of,

4:16 What the Jews of Banu al-Nadir left behind,

4:19 Of wealth and weapons.

4:21 It was exclusively for him.

4:23 And a portion of this "fay'" (spoils taken without fighting) in this expedition was allocated,

4:27 Specifically for the Muhajirun due to their poverty.

4:31 And he kept the rest for himself, peace be upon him.

4:35 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said:

4:38 The Banu al-Nadir's property,

4:40 Was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

4:44 For his emergencies and the interests of the Muslims.

4:47 He did not divide it into fifths,

4:50 Because Allah the Almighty granted it to him as "fay',"

4:53 And the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against it (i.e., it was taken without a formal battle).

4:58 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

5:02 On the authority of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

5:05 The wealth of Banu al-Nadir,

5:07 Was among what Allah granted as "fay'" to His Messenger, peace be upon him,

5:12 Which the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against.

5:17 Thus, it was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

5:22 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

5:25 On the authority of Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

5:29 A man would offer some palm trees to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

5:34 Until he conquered Qurayza and al-Nadir.

5:37 After that, he would return them to them.

5:41 Abu Dawud recorded in his Sunan with a sound (sahih) chain of narration,

5:45 On the authority of a man from the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said:

5:50 The palm trees of Banu al-Nadir were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

5:56 Allah gave them to him and singled him out with them.

5:59 He said: "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them..."

6:05 “And that which Allah gave as spoil unto His messenger from them, ye urged not any horse or riding-camel for the sake thereof, but Allah giveth His messenger lordship over whom He will. Allah is Able to do all things.” (59:6)

6:09 Meaning without fighting.

6:12 So the Prophet, peace be upon him, gave most of it to the Muhajirun,

6:17 And divided it among them.

6:19 And he divided a portion of it for two men from the Ansar who were in need.

6:24 Ibn Ishaq named them in the Seerah:

6:27 Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujana,

6:30 Simak bin Kharasha, may Allah be pleased with them both.

6:34 He did not divide it for anyone else from the Ansar besides them.

6:38 And what remained of it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

6:43 Which is in the hands of the descendants of Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her.

6:50 The revelation of Surah al-Hashr.

6:53 Ibn Ishaq said:

6:55 Surah al-Hashr was revealed in its entirety regarding the Banu al-Nadir.

7:01 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih,

7:04 On the authority of Sa'id bin Jubayr, who said:

7:07 I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

7:10 "Surah al-Hashr?"

7:12 He said: "It was revealed regarding the Banu al-Nadir."

7:16 In another wording in Sahih al-Bukhari,

7:19 Sa'id bin Jubayr said:

7:21 I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

7:24 "Surah al-Hashr?"

7:26 He said: "Say: Surah al-Nadir."

7:30 Al-Hafiz (Ibn Hajar) said in al-Fath:

7:32 It is as if he disliked naming it "al-Hashr" (The Gathering),

7:35 So that one would not think it refers to the Day of Resurrection.

7:39 Rather, what is intended here is the expulsion (hashr) of the Banu al-Nadir.

7:43 The Battle of Badr al-Akhirah.

7:49 It is called Badr al-Sughra (The Minor Badr),

7:51 Because no fighting occurred in it.

7:54 It is also called Badr al-Maw'id (The Badr of the Appointment),

7:57 Due to the appointment Abu Sufyan made on the day of Uhud,

8:00 To meet at Badr the following year.

8:03 And it is called the Third Badr.

8:06 The other Battle of Badr took place,

8:09 In Sha'ban of the fourth year of the Hijra.

8:13 Abu Sufyan had made an appointment upon his departure from the Battle of Uhud,

8:17 With the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

8:20 To fight in the following year after Uhud,

8:23 At Badr.

8:25 When Sha'ban of the following year arrived,

8:28 In the fourth year of the Hijra,

8:31 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went out,

8:34 For his appointment with fifteen hundred men.

8:38 He stayed there for eight days,

8:41 Waiting for the polytheists.

8:44 Abu Sufyan went out from Mecca with two thousand men.

8:47 When he reached Marr al-Zahran,

8:50 He said to those with him:

8:53 "This year is a year of drought,

8:56 And I have decided to return with you."

8:59 So they turned back and broke the appointment.

9:02 Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned,

9:05 To the Prophetic city of Medina,

9:08 After the people had heard of his march.

9:12 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

9:15 If the longing of the worlds grows,

9:18 For some of them,

9:21 Then the longing toward you,

9:24 Its extent cannot be encompassed.

9:27 May Allah send blessings upon you,

9:31 As long as the call to prayer is raised,

9:34 And moved,

9:37 With the remainder,

9:40 Of the lips.

Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (130) | The siege of Banu Nadir and their surrender

Transcript