Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 174 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (197) | The departure of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and his companions to Mina
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),
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Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-'Azimi, may Allah preserve him.
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The Departure of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and His Companions to Mina.
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In the late morning of Thursday, the eighth of Dhu al-Hijjah in the tenth year of the Hijrah,
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Which was the Day of Tarwiyah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) set out with the Muslims who were with him to Mina.
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Those who had exited ihram assumed ihram for Hajj; and when he reached Mina, he settled there.
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There he prayed Dhuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha', shortening the four-rak'ah prayers.
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He spent that night in Mina, which was the night preceding Friday.
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He prayed Fajr there on Friday morning, then lingered briefly until the sun had risen.
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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) who said:
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"When the Day of Tarwiyah arrived, they headed toward Mina and entered ihram for Hajj.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mounted his riding beast and prayed Dhuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, 'Isha', and Fajr there,
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Then he paused briefly until the sun rose."
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Imams al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud reported with an authentic chain of narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Dhuhr on the Day of Tarwiyah and Fajr on the Day of 'Arafah in Mina."
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The Departure of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and His Companions to 'Arafat.
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When the sun rose on Friday, the ninth of Dhu al-Hijjah,
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) proceeded toward 'Arafah, accompanied by the people, some chanting the Talbiyah and others chanting the Takbir,
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And he heard this without rebuking either group.
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The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] reported in their Sahihs on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Thaqafi, who said:
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"I asked Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) as we were journeying in the morning from Mina to 'Arafat about the Talbiyah:
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'How did you use to do it in the company of the Prophet (peace be upon him)?'
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He replied, 'The one reciting the Talbiyah would chant it without objection, and the one proclaiming the Takbir would do so without objection.'"
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In another wording in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad with an authentic chain,
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On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"We were with the Messenger of Allah on the morning of 'Arafah;
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Among us were those declaring the Takbir and those declaring the Tahlil,
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And neither was the one proclaiming the Takbir reproached for his Takbir, nor the one proclaiming the Tahlil for his Tahlil."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had already ordered a dome tent of woven hair pitched for him at Namirah,
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So he found the tent pitched and ready for him,
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And he lodged in it.
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Then, when the sun passed its meridian,
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He ordered his she-camel, al-Qaswa', to be brought, and she was saddled for him.
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He then rode until he reached the bottom of the valley in the land of 'Uranah,
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Where he addressed the people from his riding mount in a momentous, comprehensive sermon.
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In it, he laid down the foundations of Islam,
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Demolished the pillars of polytheism and pre-Islamic ignorance (Jahiliyyah),
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And reaffirmed the sanctity of inviolable things,
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The sacred rights that all religious traditions universally agreed upon prohibiting their violation:
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Namely, life, property, and honor.
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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih,
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On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered a tent made of hair
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To be pitched for him at Namirah.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) set forth,
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While Quraysh had no doubt that he would halt at al-Mash'ar al-Haram,
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Just as Quraysh used to do during the pre-Islamic Jahiliyyah.
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However, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) pressed on,
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Until he arrived at 'Arafat.
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He found that the tent had been pitched for him at Namirah,
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So he settled there until the sun crossed the meridian.
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He then ordered al-Qaswa', and she was saddled for him;
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He came to the basin of the valley and addressed the people,
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Saying: 'Indeed, your blood and your property are as sacred to you
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As the sanctity of this day of yours,
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In this month of yours,
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In this land of yours!
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Verily, everything of the affairs of Jahiliyyah is abolished beneath my two feet!
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The blood-vengeance of Jahiliyyah is abolished,
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And the first claim of blood from our own kin that I abolish
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Is the blood of Ibn Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith,
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Who was nursed among the Banu Sa'd
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And killed by Hudhayl.
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The usury (riba) of Jahiliyyah is abolished,
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And the first usury that I abolish from our own kin
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Is the usury of al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib;
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It is entirely waived!
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Fear Allah concerning women,
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For you have taken them under Allah's trust,
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And made intimacy with them lawful through the word of Allah.
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Your right over them is that they do not allow anyone you dislike onto your bedding.
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If they do that,
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Strike them with a non-severe blow.
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And their right over you is that you provide their sustenance and clothing in an honorable manner.
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I have left among you that which, if you adhere firmly to it, you will never go astray after me:
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The Book of Allah.
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You will be questioned about me;
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What will you say?'
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They replied:
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'We testify that you have conveyed the message, fulfilled the trust, and given sincere counsel!'
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Thereupon he pointed his index finger,
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Raising it toward the heaven and gesturing with it toward the people, saying:
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'O Allah, bear witness!
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O Allah, bear witness!'
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—repeating it three times."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, as did al-Tirmidhi,
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And Ibn Ishaq in the Seerah,
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With the wording belonging to Ibn Ishaq,
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Via a sound (hasan) chain of narration,
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On the authority of 'Amr ibn Kharijah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:
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"'Attab ibn Asayd dispatched me
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To the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding an errand,
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While the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was standing at 'Arafah.
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I conveyed the message to him,
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Then stood beneath the she-camel of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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With her saliva literally dripping onto my head,
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And I heard him saying:
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'O people!
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Indeed, Allah has given every possessor of a right their due right,
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So no bequest is permissible for an heir.
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The child belongs to the marriage bed,
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And for the adulterer is the stone.
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Whoever claims descent from someone other than his father, or affiliates himself to masters other than his legitimate patrons,
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Upon him will be the curse of Allah, the angels, and all humanity together;
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Allah will accept neither mandatory nor voluntary worship from him.'"
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) combined the Dhuhr and 'Asr prayers
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And his standing at 'Arafah.
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Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"Then the adhan was called,
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Followed by the iqamah, and he prayed Dhuhr;
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Then another iqamah was called, and he prayed 'Asr,
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Without performing any prayer between them.
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mounted his camel
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Until he reached the place of standing (al-Mawqif).
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He positioned the belly of his she-camel al-Qaswa' facing the large rocks,
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Placed the pedestrian path before him,
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And faced the Qiblah.
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He remained standing thus until the sun had set
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And the yellow twilight subsided slightly until the solar disc had fully disappeared."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded
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The people to move away from the bottom of the valley of 'Uranah,
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Emphasizing that 'Arafah was not restricted solely to his particular place of standing.
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Al-Tahawi recorded in Sharh Mushkil al-Athar with an authentic chain,
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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''Arafah, in its entirety, is a place of standing,
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But avoid the basin of 'Uranah.'"
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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih,
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On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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'I have stood here,
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But all of 'Arafah is a place of standing.'"
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Imams al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah recorded with an authentic chain,
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On the authority of Yazid ibn Shayban, who said:
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"Ibn Mirba' al-Ansari came to us
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While we were halting at the standing place,
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At a spot far removed from where 'Amr was positioned,
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And he announced:
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'I am the emissary of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to you,
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Who says:
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"Remain steadfast upon your ritual sites,
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For you are continuing upon an inheritance from the legacy of Abraham."'"
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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Devoted himself at 'Arafah entirely to supplication (du'a),
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Raising his hands continuously in his supplication.
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad with an authentic chain,
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On the authority of Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"I was riding behind the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) at 'Arafat,
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And he raised his hands, supplicating.
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His she-camel stumbled,
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Causing her nose-rein to fall,
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So he gathered the rein with one of his hands
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While keeping his other hand raised in supplication."
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The Revelation of the Words of Allah the Exalted:
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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Allah revealed to His Messenger (peace be upon him),
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While he was standing at 'Arafah,
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His words, the Exalted:
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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"And completed My favor upon you,
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] reported in their Sahihs
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On the authority of Tariq ibn Shihab,
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From the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him),
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That a Jewish man said to him:
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"O Commander of the Faithful!
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There is a verse in your Book that you recite;
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Had it been revealed to us, the community of Jews,
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We would have taken that day as a recurring festival (Eid)."
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'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked:
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"Which verse?"
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He replied: "'This day I have perfected for you your religion,
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And completed My favor upon you,
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"We know full well that day
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And the very place where it was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):
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It was while he was standing at 'Arafah on a Friday."
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir stated:
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"This is among the greatest blessings of Allah the Exalted
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Bestowed upon this Ummah,
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Since He perfected their religion for them,
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So they have no need for any other religion,
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Nor for any prophet besides their Prophet,
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May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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For this reason, Allah the Exalted made him the Seal of the Prophets,
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And dispatched him to mankind and the jinn alike.
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There is no lawful matter except what he declared lawful,
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No unlawful matter except what he declared unlawful,
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And no religion except what he legislated.
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Everything he conveyed is absolute truth and veracity,
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Containing neither falsehood nor breach of promise,
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Just as Allah the Exalted said:
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'And the word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice.'
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That is, true in what it informs, and just in all commands and prohibitions.
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Thus, when He perfected the religion for them,
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His favor upon them was fully completed.
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It is for this reason that He said:
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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'And completed My favor upon you,
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“Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3)
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Meaning: Be well-pleased with it for yourselves,
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For it is the religion that Allah loved and was pleased with,
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and with which He sent the most noble of the honorable Messengers,
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and revealed with it the most sublime of His books.
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Abridgment of the Prophetic biography (Seerah):
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Though the longing of people for one another may endure,
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longing for you surpasses all bounds.
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May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised,
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and as long as lips move in remembrance of the Everlasting.