Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 177 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (200) | Osama's army, may God be pleased with him, was sent to Ubna
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),
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authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid Al-Azimi, may Allah preserve him.
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The Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encampment at Al-Muhassab
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and his Farewell Circumambulation (Tawaf al-Wada').
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) departed from Mina on the last of the Days of Tashriq,
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and proceeded to Al-Muhassab, which is Al-Abtah, also known as Khayf Bani Kinanah.
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The two Sheikhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) narrated in their Sahihs, as did Abu Dawud—and the wording is Abu Dawud's—
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on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) only encamped at Al-Muhassab because it was more convenient for his departure,
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and it is not a required Sunnah;
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so whoever wishes may encamp there, and whoever wishes may not."
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Abu Rafi', may Allah be pleased with him, was in charge of the baggage of the Prophet (peace be upon him)—
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meaning, his luggage—
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so he pitched a tent,
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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) lodged in it.
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Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih
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on the authority of Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not command me to pitch camp at Al-Abtah when he left Mina,
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but I came and pitched a tent there for him,
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so he arrived and lodged there."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) remained at Al-Muhassab for the rest of that day and night,
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where he prayed Dhuhr, 'Asr,
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Maghrib, and 'Isha',
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and then took a brief sleep there.
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Imam Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih
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on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed Dhuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha',
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then took a brief sleep at Al-Muhassab,
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then rode to the House (the Ka'bah) and circumambulated it."
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Imam Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih,
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as did Imam Ahmad in his Musnad and Abu Dawud,
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and the wording is Ahmad's,
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on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Dhuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib, and 'Isha' at Al-Muhassab,
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then took a light slumber,
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then entered Makkah and circumambulated the House."
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Imam Al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih
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on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:
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"We departed from Mina and encamped at Al-Muhassab,
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so he summoned 'Abd al-Rahman"—
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meaning, the Prophet (peace be upon him) summoned 'Abd al-Rahman,
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the brother of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her)—
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"and said: 'Take your sister out and let her assume Ihram for 'Umrah;
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then, once both of you have finished your circumambulation,
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I will wait for you both right here.'"
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She said: "We returned in the middle of the night,
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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked:
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'Have you finished?' I said: 'Yes.'
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So he announced the departure among his Companions,
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and the people set out, along with those who had circumambulated the House before the Fajr prayer,
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and then he set out heading toward Madinah."
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In another wording in the two Sahihs,
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'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said:
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"When we had completed the Hajj,
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the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent me
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with 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with them both,
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to At-Tan'im,
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and I performed 'Umrah.
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He said: 'This is in place of your 'Umrah.'"
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She said: "Those who had assumed Ihram for 'Umrah circumambulated the House and walked between As-Safa and Al-Marwah,
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and then exited their Ihram,
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and subsequently performed another circumambulation after returning from Mina.
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As for those who combined Hajj and 'Umrah (Qiran),
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they performed only one circumambulation."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) granted a concession
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to menstruating women exempting them from the Farewell Circumambulation.
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The two Sheikhs narrated from 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"Safiyyah bint Huyayy had her menses after she had performed Tawaf al-Ifadah,
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so I mentioned her menstruation to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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'Is she going to hold us back?'
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I said: 'O Messenger of Allah,
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she had already performed Tawaf al-Ifadah and circumambulated the House,
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and then experienced her menses after the Ifadah.'
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
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'Then let her depart.'"
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Imam At-Tirmidhi said in his Jami':
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"The practice according to the scholars is based on this:
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if a woman performs Tawaf az-Ziyarah (Ifadah)
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and then has her menses,
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she may depart and owes nothing further;
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and this is the view of Ath-Thawri, Ash-Shafi'i,
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Ahmad, and Ishaq."
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The Return of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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to Madinah
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and his carrying Zamzam water with him.
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) departed
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from the lower part of Makkah (Kuda).
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their Sahihs
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on the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"When the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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arrived in Makkah,
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he entered from its upper part
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and departed from its lower part."
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Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said:
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"The duration of his stay (peace and blessings be upon him)
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in Makkah—
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from the time he entered it until he went out to Mina,
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to 'Arafah,
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to Muzdalifah,
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back to Mina,
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to Al-Muhassab,
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until he turned back to return—
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was ten days."
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their Sahihs
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on the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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returned from a military expedition, Hajj, or 'Umrah,
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he would proclaim Allah's greatness thrice on every elevated piece of ground,
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and then say:
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'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, without partner;
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“All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah; unto Him belongeth Sovereignty and unto Him belongeth praise, and He is Able to do all things.” (64:1)
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and He is over all things competent.
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We are returning, repenting,
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worshipping, prostrating,
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and praising our Lord.
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Allah fulfilled His promise,
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aided His servant,
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and defeated the confederates alone.'"
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Imam At-Tirmidhi narrated in his Jami',
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and Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak with a good (hasan) chain of transmission,
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on the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her),
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that she used to carry Zamzam water
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and would report that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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used to carry it as well.
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Dispatching the Army of Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) to Ubna.
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Imam Al-Bukhari said in his Sahih:
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"Chapter: The Prophet's (peace be upon him) dispatching of
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Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both)
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during his final illness in which he passed away."
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Ibn Hisham said:
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"It was the last expedition dispatched by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) urged
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the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to mount an expedition to the Levant (Al-Sham);
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that was on a Monday,
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four nights remaining in Safar,
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in the eleventh year of the Hijrah (11 AH).
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He placed Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) in command of this expedition,
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and his age (may Allah be pleased with him)
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was eighteen years.
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The two Sheikhs narrated in their Sahihs
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on the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dispatched an army
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and appointed Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) over them."
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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"Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) returned—
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meaning, he returned from the Farewell Pilgrimage—
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and resided in Madinah for the remainder of Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Safar,
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and conscripted the people for an expedition to the Levant,
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appointing over them Usamah, the son of his freedman Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both).
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He commanded him to let the cavalry tread upon
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the borders of Al-Balqa' and Ad-Darum in the land of Palestine.
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So the people prepared themselves,
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and the earliest Emigrants (Muhajirun) all rallied under Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both).
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Some people raised concerns regarding the command of Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both)
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due to his young age,
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and when word of that reached the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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he stood before the people to deliver a sermon, as will follow."
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"And As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was leading the people in prayer
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by explicit designation from him (peace be upon him),
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which was an exemption for him from Usamah's army,
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which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had prepared for the Levant to fight the Byzantines."
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Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) set out with his army
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and encamped at Al-Jurf,
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but he did not proceed to the Levant
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due to the onset of the Prophet's (peace be upon him) illness.
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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"While the people were in that state,
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the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began to suffer
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from the illness through which Allah took his soul,
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drawing him to what He intended for him of His honor and mercy."
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Imam Adh-Dhahabi said:
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"Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both)
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was appointed by the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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over an army to raid the Levant,
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and among the army were 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and the senior Companions;
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yet he did not march until the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away,
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whereupon As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) promptly dispatched them,
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and they raided Ubna in the region of Al-Balqa'."
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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).
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Though the longings of people for one another may stretch far,
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the longing for you has no bounded measure.
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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as morning dew rises,
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and as long as lips move in enduring remembrance.