Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 117 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | H (138) | The marriage of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, to Zainab bint Jahsh, may God be pleased with her
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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*A Concise Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*.
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Authored by Shaykh Musa ibn Rashid Al-'Azimi,
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May Allah preserve him.
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The marriage of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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To Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married
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Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her),
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And on the morning of her wedding, the verse of the veil (Hijab) was revealed.
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That took place in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah
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Of the fifth year of the Hijrah.
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The wisdom behind the Prophet's marriage (peace be upon him)
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To Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her)
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Was to abolish the custom of adoption that was prevalent at that time, as Almighty Allah said: ﴿...so that there should be no difficulty for the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons when they have accomplished their desire of them. And Allah's command must be fulfilled.﴾
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Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: "Meaning, We only permitted you to marry her and brought this about so that no hardship should remain upon the believers regarding marrying the divorced wives of their adopted sons."
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That was because before his prophethood, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had adopted Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him), so he used to be called Zayd ibn Muhammad.
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But when Allah severed this lineage connection with His saying:
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“Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.” (33:4)
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“Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.” (33:4)
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﴿Call them by their fathers' names; that is more just in the sight of Allah...﴾
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He further clarified and reinforced this by bringing about the marriage of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her) after Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) had divorced her.
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For this reason, He said in the verse outlining unlawful relations: ﴿...and the wives of your sons who are from your own loins...﴾ to guard against the adopted son, for that practice was widespread among them.
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The proposal to Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her).
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) proposed to Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her), and she assumed that he (peace be upon him) wanted her for himself.
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When she learned that he wanted her for Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him), she refused.
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Imam Ibn Jarir al-Tabari narrated in his Tafsir with an authentic *mursal* chain on the authority of Qatadah regarding Allah Almighty's saying:
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“And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36)
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He said: This verse was revealed regarding Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her), who was the maternal cousin of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) proposed to her, so she consented, thinking that he was proposing to her for himself.
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But when she learned that he was proposing on behalf of Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him), she refused and objected.
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So Allah revealed: ﴿It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should have any choice about their affair...﴾
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He said: So after that, she complied and agreed.
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Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) remained married to Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) for nearly a year.
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Then he came to complain about her to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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Indeed, Imam al-Bukhari and al-Tirmidhi narrated—and the wording is al-Tirmidhi's—on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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When this verse was revealed: ﴿...and you concealed within yourself what Allah was to disclose...﴾ regarding Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her),
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Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) came complaining and intended to divorce her, seeking the Prophet's advice (peace be upon him).
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Keep your wife to yourself and fear Allah."
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Al-Hafiz said in *Fath al-Bari*: "In summary, that which the Prophet (peace be upon him) was concealing
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Was Allah's informing him that she would become his wife. What led him to conceal it
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Was fear of people saying, 'He married his son's wife.' But Allah willed to abolish the pre-Islamic practices regarding adoption
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Through a means that could not be more decisive in its abolition: namely, marrying the wife of one's adopted son.
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And this was performed by the leader of the Muslims so that it would be more readily accepted."
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Imam Muslim narrated in his *Sahih* on the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:
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When Zaynab's waiting period ('iddah) expired, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to Zayd:
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"Go and mention me to her." He said: So I set off until I came to her while she was fermenting her dough.
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He said: When I saw her, she appeared so grand in my eyes that I could not even look at her,
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Because the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had mentioned her. So I turned my back to her, turned on my heels,
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And said: "O Zaynab, rejoice! The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent me to mention you to her."
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She said: "I shall do nothing until I consult my Lord, Almighty and Glorious."
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So she stood in her place of prayer, and the Qur'an was revealed.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came and entered upon her without asking permission.
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Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his *Sahih* and al-Tirmidhi in his *Jami'*, and the wording is al-Tirmidhi's,
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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When this verse was revealed regarding Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her):
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﴿...So when Zayd had dissolved his marriage with her, We married her to you...﴾
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He said: She used to boast over the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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Saying: "Your families married you off, but Allah married me from above seven heavens!"
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The wedding feast (Walimah) of the Prophet (peace be upon him) for Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her).
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) held a wedding feast when he consummated his marriage with Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her).
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Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his *Sahih* on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) held a wedding feast when he consummated his marriage with Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her),
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Feeding the people bread and meat until they were completely satisfied.
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Imam Muslim narrated in his *Sahih* on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) never hosted a wedding feast for any of his wives that was larger or better than the feast he gave for Zaynab.
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Imam al-Nawawi said:
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"It is probable that the reason for this was gratitude for Allah's favor,
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In that Almighty Allah married her to him through divine revelation, without a guardian (*wali*) or witnesses, unlike his other wives.
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The correct, well-known position of our school among our companions is the validity of his marriage (peace be upon him) without a guardian or witnesses,
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Because there was no need for that in his case (peace be upon him).
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And this disagreement applies to wives other than Zaynab;
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As for Zaynab, her case is explicitly stated by text, and Allah knows best."
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Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his *Sahih* on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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The Prophet's marriage (peace be upon him) to Zaynab bint Jahsh was celebrated with bread and meat,
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And I was sent as an inviter to the food.
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A group would come, eat, and leave,
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Then another group would come, eat, and leave.
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I kept inviting people until I could find no one left to invite.
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The Revelation of the Verse of Hijab.
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When the people had finished eating, groups of them remained sitting and chatting in the house of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
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Imam Muslim narrated in his *Sahih* on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him):
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"And groups of them remained sitting and chatting in the house of the Messenger (peace be upon him),
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While the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was sitting,
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And his wife was turning her face toward the wall.
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They overstayed their welcome and became a burden upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) went out,
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Greeted his wives, and then returned.
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When they saw that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had returned,
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They realized that they had overstayed their welcome,
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So he said: They rushed to the door and all went out.
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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came and drew the curtain,
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And he entered, staying inside for only a short while before coming out again,
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And this verse was revealed."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came out and recited the verses to the people:
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“O Ye who believe! Enter not the dwellings of the Prophet for a meal without waiting for the proper time, unless permission be granted you. But if ye are invited, enter, and, when your meal is ended, then disperse. Linger not for conversation. Lo! that would cause annoyance to the Prophet, and he would be shy of (asking) you (to go); but Allah is not shy of the truth. And when ye ask of them (the wives of the Prophet) anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. And it is not for you to cause annoyance to the messenger of Allah, nor that ye should ever marry his wives after him. Lo! that in Allah's sight would be an enormity.” (33:53)
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“O Ye who believe! Enter not the dwellings of the Prophet for a meal without waiting for the proper time, unless permission be granted you. But if ye are invited, enter, and, when your meal is ended, then disperse. Linger not for conversation. Lo! that would cause annoyance to the Prophet, and he would be shy of (asking) you (to go); but Allah is not shy of the truth. And when ye ask of them (the wives of the Prophet) anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. And it is not for you to cause annoyance to the messenger of Allah, nor that ye should ever marry his wives after him. Lo! that in Allah's sight would be an enormity.” (33:53)
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﴿...Indeed, that was troubling the Prophet, and he was shy of dismissing you...﴾
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And the two Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) narrated in their *Sahihs*
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On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said:
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In the morning after his wedding to Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her)—
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And he had married her in Madinah—
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) invited the people to a meal during the forenoon.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sat down, and some men remained sitting with him after the rest of the people had left,
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Until the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood up and walked, and I walked with him
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Until he reached the apartment of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
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Then, thinking that they had left, he returned, and I returned with him.
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But they were still sitting in their place, so he returned, and I returned with him a second time
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Until he reached the door of 'A'ishah's apartment (may Allah be pleased with her).
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Then he returned, and I returned with him, and behold, they had stood up and left.
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So he drew a curtain between me and himself, and the verse of Hijab was revealed.
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Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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"I am the most knowledgeable of people regarding these verses."
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Thus, the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) were veiled.
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Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said:
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"These wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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Are the Mothers of the Believers solely in terms of prohibition [of marriage] and sacred honor,
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Not in terms of unmarriageable kinship (*mahramiyyah*).
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Therefore, no one is permitted to be alone with them or to look at them;
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Rather, Allah commanded them to observe the veil
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From anyone who is forbidden to marry them among those who are not their blood relatives
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Or who do not share a foster-suckling relationship with them.
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For Almighty Allah said:
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﴿And when you ask [his wives] for something...﴾
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“O Ye who believe! Enter not the dwellings of the Prophet for a meal without waiting for the proper time, unless permission be granted you. But if ye are invited, enter, and, when your meal is ended, then disperse. Linger not for conversation. Lo! that would cause annoyance to the Prophet, and he would be shy of (asking) you (to go); but Allah is not shy of the truth. And when ye ask of them (the wives of the Prophet) anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. And it is not for you to cause annoyance to the messenger of Allah, nor that ye should ever marry his wives after him. Lo! that in Allah's sight would be an enormity.” (33:53)
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Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"It was fitting for the verse of Hijab to be revealed during this wedding,
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To safeguard her and her sisters among the Mothers of the Believers,
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And that was in concurrence with the inclination of 'Umar."
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*A Concise Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*.
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Though the longing of the worlds for one another has grown long,
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The longing for you knows no bounds.
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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised,
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And lips move with the remaining words of remembrance.