Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 145 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (168) | The marriage of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, to Maimuna, may God be pleased with her
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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*Abridged Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*
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Authored by Shaykh Musa ibn Rashid Al-Azimi,
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May Allah preserve him.
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The Prophet's Entry into Makkah (peace be upon him)
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) arrived in Makkah,
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while most of the people of Makkah had gone out toward Mount Qu'ayqi'an,
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some stood near the Hijr (the curved wall of the Ka'bah),
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and others remained in their homes, fearing contagion, as they alleged.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) learned
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of the rumor Quraysh had circulated,
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so he ordered his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to perform *ramal* (trotting with short, quick steps).
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His Companions surrounded him, chanting the *talbiyah* along with him,
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guarding him against any harm from Quraysh.
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Both Shaykhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their *Sahih*s,
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and the wording is that of al-Bukhari,
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on the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his Companions arrived,
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and the polytheists said,
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'A delegation is coming to you whom the fever of Yathrib has weakened.'
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Thereupon, the Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered them to trot during the first three circuits,
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and to walk between the two corners (the Yamani Corner and the Black Stone).
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Nothing prevented him from commanding them to trot through all the circuits
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except consideration for them (to spare them hardship),
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while the polytheists watched from the direction of Qu'ayqi'an."
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Imam Muslim added in his *Sahih*:
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"The polytheists said,
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'Are these the ones you claimed fever had weakened?
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They are sturdier than so-and-so!'"
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In a narration by Imam Ahmad and Ibn Hibban with an authentic chain,
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on the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) proceeded
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until he entered the Mosque,
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while Quraysh sat near the Hijr.
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He wore his cloak with his right shoulder uncovered (*idtiba'*),
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then said to his Companions,
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'Let not the people see any sign of weakness in you.'
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That is, any feebleness.
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He then touched the Black Stone,
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proceeded, and when he became hidden from view by reaching the Yamani Corner,
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he walked to the Black Stone.
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Quraysh remarked,
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'They are bounding like gazelles!'"
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his *Sahih*
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on the authority of Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed Umrah,
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and we performed Umrah alongside him.
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When he entered Makkah,
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he performed *tawaf* (circumambulation) and we performed it with him;
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he went to al-Safa and al-Marwah, and we went there with him,
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and we were screening him from the people of Makkah lest anyone cast a missile at him."
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The Recitation of Poetry by Abdullah ibn Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him)
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Imam al-Tirmidhi recorded in his *Jami'* and Ibn Hibban in his *Sahih*,
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and the wording is that of al-Tirmidhi,
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with an authentic chain,
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on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered Makkah during the Fulfilled Umrah (*Umrat al-Qada'*),
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with Abdullah ibn Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) walking ahead of him,
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saying:
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'Clear out of his way, O children of the disbelievers!
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Today we strike you over its revelation,
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With a blow that removes heads from their resting places,
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And makes a close friend oblivious of his friend.'
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Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him,
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'O Ibn Rawahah!
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In the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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and in the Sanctuary of Allah, you recite poetry?'
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,
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'Leave him alone, O Umar!
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For it pierces them faster than the flight of arrows.'"
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The Prophet's Sacrificing of His Offering and Exiting Ihram
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When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) finished his *tawaf* and *sa'i*,
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he slaughtered his sacrificial offering and shaved his noble head.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not enter the Ka'bah.
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Both Shaykhs recorded in their *Sahih*s
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on the authority of Isma'il ibn Abi Khalid, who said:
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"I said to Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him),
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the Companion of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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'Did the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) enter the House during his Umrah?'
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He replied, 'No.'"
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Imam al-Nawawi said,
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"This is among the matters upon which they (the scholars) agree."
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The scholars said,
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"What is meant here is the Fulfilled Umrah,
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which took place in the seventh year of the Hijrah, prior to the Conquest of Makkah.
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The reason he (peace be upon him) did not enter it
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was the presence of idols and images inside the House,
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and the polytheists would not have permitted him to alter them.
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When Allah Almighty granted him the conquest of Makkah,
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he entered the House and prayed inside it,
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having removed the images prior to entering it; and Allah knows best."
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Al-Hafiz (Ibn Hajar) stated in *Fath al-Bari*,
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"It is plausible that entering the House was not stipulated in the treaty conditions;
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had he intended to enter it, they would have barred him, just as they barred him from staying in Makkah beyond three days,
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so he did not seek to enter it lest they bar him."
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The Departure of the Prophet (peace be upon him) from Makkah
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When the three days designated for the Muslims to enter Makkah and perform the Umrah had expired,
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in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah,
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Quraysh dispatched Huwaytib ibn Abd al-Uzza alongside a group of men from Quraysh
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to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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informing him that the three days of his stay in Makkah had ended.
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his *Sahih*
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on the authority of al-Bara' ibn Azib (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"When he entered it and the designated time had passed,
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they came to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and said,
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'Tell your companion to depart from us, for the term has expired.'
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So the Prophet (peace be upon him) departed."
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In the narration of Imam Muslim:
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"They said to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him),
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'This is the final day of your companion's term,
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so tell him to depart.'
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Ali informed him of that,
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and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,
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'Yes,' and he departed."
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Al-Hakim recorded in *Al-Mustadrak* with a good (*hasan*) chain
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on the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:
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"Huwaytib ibn Abd al-Uzza came to him
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among a group of Quraysh on the third day,
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and they said to him, 'Your term has indeed expired,
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so depart from us.' And he departed."
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Imam al-Nawawi said, "If it is asked:
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'How did they prompt them to ask them
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to depart and fulfill the condition?'
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The answer is that this request
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occurred shortly before the three days had fully elapsed,
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whereas the intention of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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and his Companions was to set out
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right upon the completion of the three days.
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The disbelievers acted out of precaution for themselves
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and demanded departure shortly before the completion of the three days,
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and they departed right as it ended,
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in fulfillment of the condition;
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for they would not have remained
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even had their departure not been demanded."
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The Prophet's Ruling (peace be upon him)
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Concerning the Daughter of Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him)
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) departed
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from Makkah,
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and the daughter of Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib followed them,
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may Allah be pleased with her,
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whereupon Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) took her.
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad*
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and al-Hakim in his *Mustadrak* with a good chain
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on the authority of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"When we departed from Makkah,
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the daughter of Hamzah followed us,
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calling out—
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meaning she called out to the Prophet (peace be upon him)—
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'O uncle! O uncle!'
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So I took her by the hand and handed her to Fatimah,
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saying, 'Take charge of your cousin.'
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When we arrived in Madinah,
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Zayd, Ja'far, and I disputed over her custody.
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I said, 'I took her,
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and she is the daughter of my uncle.'
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Zayd said, 'She is the daughter of my brother.'
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Ja'far said, 'She is the daughter of my uncle,
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and her maternal aunt is married to me.'
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said
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to Ja'far, 'You resemble my physical appearance
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and my character.' And he said to Zayd,
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'You are our brother and our freed slave.'
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And he said to me, 'You are of me
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and I am of you. Entrust her to
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her maternal aunt, for the maternal aunt holds the status of the mother.'
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I said, 'Will you not marry her, O Messenger of Allah?'
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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,
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'She is the daughter of my brother through fosterage.'"
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Benefits Derived from the Hadith
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Al-Hafiz (Ibn Hajar) stated in *Fath al-Bari*:
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"Among the benefits derived from the hadith are:
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First, the exaltation of maintaining ties of kinship,
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such that prominent figures would contest with one another
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in order to uphold them;
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second, that the judge should explain the evidence of the ruling to the litigant;
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third,
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that the litigant may present his argument;
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fourth, and from it is deduced that the maternal aunt
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is given precedence in child custody over the paternal aunt,
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because Safiyyah bint Abd al-Muttalib
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was alive at that time;
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and since she was given precedence over the paternal aunt despite the latter being
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the closest female agnatic relative (*'asabah*)..."
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The Marriage of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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to Maymunah,
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may Allah be pleased with her.
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When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) departed
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from Makkah,
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he married the Mother of the Believers, Maymunah bint al-Harith,
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may Allah be pleased with her,
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and she was the last wife married by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded
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on the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father),
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who said, "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) married
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Maymunah during the Fulfilled Umrah."
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Imam Muslim
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and Ibn Hibban recorded in their *Sahih*s,
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and this wording is recorded by Ibn Hibban,
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on the authority of Maymunah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:
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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, married me
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at Sarif while both were not in ihram,"
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meaning neither of them was in the state of ritual consecration,
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"after we had departed from Mecca."
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Imam Ahmad and al-Tirmidhi also narrated with a sound chain
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from Abu Rafi', the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),
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that he said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) married
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Maymunah while he was not in ihram,
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and he consummated the marriage with her while not in ihram,
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and I was the emissary between the two of them."
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Imam al-Tirmidhi stated:
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"They differed regarding the Prophet's (peace be upon him) marriage
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to Maymunah, because the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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married her on the road to Mecca."
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Some of them said
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he married her while not in ihram,
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but the news of her marriage only became public when he was in ihram;
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then he consummated the marriage with her while not in ihram at Sarif,
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on the road to Mecca,
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where the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) consummated the marriage with her
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and where she was ultimately buried.
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Imam al-Nawawi said:
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"The Prophet (peace be upon him) married her
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while not in ihram;
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this is how the majority of the Companions narrated it."
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Imam Ibn al-Qayyim observed:
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"Scholars differed regarding whether he (peace be upon him)
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married Maymunah while outside the state of ihram or in ihram.
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Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his father, said
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that he married her while in ihram,
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whereas Abu Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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'He married her while outside ihram,
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and I was the emissary between them.'
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Abu Rafi's view is stronger and more preponderant
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for several reasons."
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Ibn al-Qayyim then cited seven reasons
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for giving preference to Abu Rafi's account.
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir stated:
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"The majority of scholars prioritized this hadith
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over the statement of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father),
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because she was the subject of the event,
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and she knows best."
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[From] The Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah):
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Though the longing of creation
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for one another may endure,
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the yearning felt for you
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knows no boundless measure.
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May Allah shower His blessings upon you
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as long as the call to prayer is raised,
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and as long as lips
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are moved
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in remembrance of the Everlasting.