Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 91 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (112) The Battle of Banu Qaynuqa
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi.
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May Allah preserve him.
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The Expedition of Banu Sulaym.
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When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, arrived in Medina,
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returning from Badr,
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he had finished that campaign at the end of the month of Ramadan.
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He stayed there for only seven nights
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before setting out himself to confront the Banu Sulaym.
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He reached one of their watering holes,
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known as al-Kudr.
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He remained there for three nights,
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then returned to Medina,
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without encountering any resistance.
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The Expedition of Banu Qaynuqa'.
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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'Asim bin 'Umar bin Qatadah narrated to me
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that the Banu Qaynuqa'
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were the first of the Jews to break the covenant between them and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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and they waged war between the battles of Badr and Uhud.
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When the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa' saw
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that Allah, glory be to Him, had granted His Messenger, peace be upon him,
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and the believers a resounding victory on the field of Badr,
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and that they had gained honor, power, and awe in the hearts of both near and far,
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their rage became apparent.
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They openly displayed hostility and malice,
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and made their transgression and harm manifest.
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The Hafiz said in al-Fath:
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They were the first of the Jews to break the covenant,
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the Banu Qaynuqa'.
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He fought them in Shawwal after the Battle of Badr.
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Abu Dawud narrated in his Sunan,
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and Ibn Ishaq in the Seerah, with a chain of narration (isnad) that is sound (hasan) due to supporting evidence,
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and the wording is that of Abu Dawud:
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, defeated the Quraysh on the day of Badr
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and arrived in Medina,
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he gathered the Jews in the marketplace of Banu Qaynuqa'.
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He said:
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"O assembly of Jews,
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embrace Islam before you are struck by what struck the Quraysh."
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They replied:
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"O Muhammad,
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do not be deceived by yourself just because you killed a group of Quraysh;
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they were inexperienced and did not know how to fight.
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If you were to fight us,
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you would realize that we are the real men,
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and that you have never encountered the likes of us."
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Allah then revealed regarding this:
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“Say (O Muhammad) unto those who disbelieve: Ye shall be overcome and gathered unto Hell, an evil resting-place.” (3:12)
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up to His saying, the Exalted:
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“There was a token for you in two hosts which met: one army fighting in the way of Allah, and another disbelieving, whom they saw as twice their number, clearly, with their very eyes. Thus Allah strengtheneth with His succour whom He will. Lo! herein verily is a lesson for those who have eyes.” (3:13)
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"at Badr,"
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"and another [party] of disbelievers."
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The Siege of Banu Qaynuqa'.
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Then their expulsion.
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When the Banu Qaynuqa' broke the covenant with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, marched out against them,
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and appointed Abu Lubabah,
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Bashir bin 'Abd al-Mundhir, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy over Medina.
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He entrusted the banner of the Muslims to Hamzah bin 'Abd al-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him.
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He besieged them for fifteen nights,
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until Allah cast terror into their hearts.
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They surrendered to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, gave orders regarding them,
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and they were bound.
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Then 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul stood up
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and spoke to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, on their behalf, pressing him repeatedly,
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because they were his allies.
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So he granted them to him.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered that they be expelled from Medina
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and that they should not dwell near him there.
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They departed for Adhri'at in the Levant.
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The two Sheikhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) narrated in their Sahih collections
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on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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The Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah
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waged war against the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, expelled the Banu al-Nadir,
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and spared the Banu Qurayzah, showing them favor,
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until the Banu Qurayzah fought after that.
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Then their men were killed,
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and their women, children, and wealth were divided among the Muslims,
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except for some who joined the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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so he granted them safety and they embraced Islam.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, expelled all the Jews of Medina:
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the Banu Qaynuqa', who were the people of 'Abdullah bin Salam,
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the Jews of Banu Harithah, and every Jew who was in Medina.
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The Expedition of al-Sawiq (The Barley Meal) or Qarqarat al-Kudr.
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The Expedition of al-Sawiq took place in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the second year of the Hijrah.
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Al-Sawiq is a food made from ground wheat and barley.
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It was named as such because it is easily swallowed.
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Ibn Hisham said in the Seerah:
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It was called the Expedition of al-Sawiq, according to what Abu 'Ubaydah narrated to me,
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because the most common thing the people threw away from their provisions was al-Sawiq.
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The Muslims came upon a large amount of al-Sawiq,
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so it was called the Expedition of al-Sawiq.
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Al-Qarqar is flat land.
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Al-Kudr is a watering hole belonging to the Banu Sulaym.
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When the remnants of the polytheists returned from Badr, burning with vengeance,
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Abu Sufyan vowed
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that no water would touch his head for the purpose of ritual purification (janabah)
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until he had fought Muhammad, peace be upon him.
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He set out with two hundred riders from the Quraysh,
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until he reached the Banu al-Nadir under the cover of night.
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He spent one night with Sallam bin Mishkam, the Jew,
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who gave him wine to drink,
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and confided in him the news of the people,
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meaning he informed him of their situation.
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Then he left at the end of the night until he reached his companions.
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He sent men from the Quraysh,
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and they came to a part of Medina
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called al-'Arid.
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They set fire to some palm trees there.
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They found a man from the Ansar and an ally of his,
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and killed them.
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Then they turned back and retreated.
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The departure of the Prophet, peace be upon him, in pursuit of them.
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When this reached the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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he called his companions to arms,
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and set out with two hundred men from the Muhajirun and the Ansar
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in their tracks, pursuing them.
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Abu Sufyan and his companions began to lighten their load,
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casting away their bags of al-Sawiq,
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which were the bulk of their provisions.
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The Muslims began to collect them,
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and thus it was called the Expedition of al-Sawiq.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, reached Qarqarat al-Kudr,
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but did not catch up with Abu Sufyan.
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Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned to Medina.
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He had been away for five days.
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A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).
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The longing of the worlds for some of them has grown,
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for the longing towards you has no limit.
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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised,
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and lips move with the remainder.