Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 181 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (204) | The death of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace
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Transcript
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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*The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*,
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authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azimi,
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may Allah preserve him.
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The Passing of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
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Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated:
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In front of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),
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there was a small leather container or cup containing water.
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He began dipping his hands into the water,
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wiping his face with them, and saying:
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"There is no god but Allah;
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truly, death has its agonies."
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Then he raised his hand and began saying:
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"With the Highest Companion..."
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until his soul was taken and his hand inclined.
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The two Sheikhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] recorded in their *Sahihs*
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on the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
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used to say when he was in good health:
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'No prophet is taken in death
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until he sees his place in Paradise,
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and then he is given the choice.'
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So when the agony of death descended upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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while his head was resting on my thigh,
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he lost consciousness,
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and then regained it.
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He then fixed his gaze toward the ceiling of the room,
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and said:
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'O Allah! With the Highest Companion.'
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Thereupon I said to myself:
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'In that case, he will not choose us.'
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And I recognized that this was the hadith he used to narrate to us
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when he was in good health.
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Thus, the last words he spoke were:
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'O Allah! With the Highest Companion.'"
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The two Sheikhs recorded in their *Sahihs*
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on the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said:
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"I was supporting him against my chest"—
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or she said, "in my lap"—
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"and he asked for a basin.
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Then he sank limply in my lap,"
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meaning he tilted and bent
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due to the relaxation of his limbs
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at the moment of death,
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"so I did not realize that he had passed away."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad*
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with a good (*hasan*) chain of narration
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"While his head was on my shoulder,
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his head suddenly tilted toward mine,
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and I thought he needed something from my head.
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Then a cool drop came out from his mouth
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and fell onto the hollow of my throat,
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making my skin shudder.
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I thought he had merely fainted,
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so I covered him with a garment."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad*
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with an authentic (*sahih*) chain of narration
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away
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while his head was between my chest and my neck,
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and when his soul departed,
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I never smelled a fragrance sweeter than it."
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his *Sahih*
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said:
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"Indeed, it was among the blessings of Allah upon me
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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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passed away in my house, on my assigned day,
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between my chest and my neck,
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and that Allah mingled my saliva with his saliva
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at his death."
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The Time at Which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) Passed Away
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and His Age.
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away
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on Monday,
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the twelfth of the month of Rabi' al-Awwal,
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in the eleventh year of the Hijrah.
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Al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar] stated in *Fath al-Bari*:
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"His passing (peace be upon him) took place
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on a Monday without any disagreement,
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during Rabi' al-Awwal,
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which is virtually a consensus.
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According to Ibn Ishaq and the majority of scholars,
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it occurred on the twelfth day of it."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad*
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and Ibn Majah in his *Sunan* with an authentic chain of narration
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from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
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"The very last look I ever had of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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was when he lifted the curtain on Monday.
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I looked at his face, and it was radiant as if it were a leaf of the Mus-haf,
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while the people were standing behind Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) in prayer.
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Abu Bakr intended to step back,
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but the Prophet signaled to him to remain in his place,
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and then let the curtain fall.
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And he passed away at the end of that day."
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Ibn Ishaq said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away
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when the forenoon of that day had grown intense."
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Al-Hafiz stated in *Fath al-Bari*:
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"The two narrations are reconciled
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by noting that the expression 'the end of the day'
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refers to the beginning of the second half of the day,
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which occurs at midday (*zawal*).
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The intensification of the forenoon occurs just before midday
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and continues until the sun's decline is confirmed.
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Musa ibn Uqbah stated decisively,
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on the authority of Ibn Shihab,
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that he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
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passed away when the sun began to decline.
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The same was transmitted by Abu al-Aswad from Urwah,
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which supports the reconciliation I have pointed out."
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The age of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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on the day he passed away
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was sixty-three years.
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For the two Sheikhs recorded in their *Sahihs*
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on the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said:
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"The Prophet (peace be upon him) passed away when he was sixty-three years old."
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The two Sheikhs also recorded in their *Sahihs*
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from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was commissioned as a prophet at the age of forty;
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he remained in Mecca for thirteen years receiving revelation,
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then he was commanded to emigrate,
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so he resided after emigrating for ten years,
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and he passed away at the age of sixty-three."
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Imam al-Bayhaqi said:
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"The narration of the majority from Ibn Abbas stating sixty-three is the most authentic;
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they are more reliable and numerous.
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Their narration also conforms to the authentic narration from Urwah
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her),
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one of the two narrations from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him),
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and the authentic narration from Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him).
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It is also the view of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab,
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Amir al-Sha'bi,
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and Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)."
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Imam al-Nawawi said:
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"Sixty-three is the most authentic and well-known view;
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Muslim recorded it here in the narrations of Aisha,
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Anas, and Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them).
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The scholars have agreed that sixty-three is the most correct."
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"As for his stay (peace be upon him) in Medina for ten years,
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there is no disagreement regarding it.
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As for his stay in Mecca after the advent of prophethood,
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the well-known view is thirteen years,
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because he (peace and blessings be upon him)
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received revelation when he was forty years old,
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and passed away at the age of sixty-three according to the correct view."
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The Magnitude of the Calamity.
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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:
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"The affliction grew severe with his passing (peace be upon him),
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the tragedy was immense, the matter momentous,
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and the Muslims were devastated by the loss of their Prophet (peace be upon him)."
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Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad* with a good chain of narration
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"Umar and al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with them both) came,
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asked for permission to enter, and I permitted them,
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pulling the veil over myself.
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Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) looked at him
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and said: 'O, what a deep faint!
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How severe is the unconsciousness of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)!'
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Then he stood up.
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When they approached the door,
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al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
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'O Umar, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has died.'
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Umar said: 'You lie!
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Rather, you are a man overcome by confusion'—
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meaning enveloped by it—
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'Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) will not die
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until Allah, Mighty and Majestic, eradicates the hypocrites.'"
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In another wording in *Sahih al-Bukhari*,
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Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said:
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"Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up saying:
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'By Allah, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has not died!
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Allah will surely send him back,
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and he will certainly cut off the hands and feet of some men!'"
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The Arrival of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him).
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Then Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived—
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he who was supported and granted victory first and last,
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outwardly and inwardly—
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so he straightened the deviation and proclaimed the truth.
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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his *Sahih*
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from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:
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"Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived riding his horse from his dwelling in al-Sunh
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until he dismounted.
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He entered the mosque
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and did not speak to anyone
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until he entered upon Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her).
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He then headed directly toward the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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who was covered with a striped Yemeni cloak.
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He uncovered his face,
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bent over him, kissed him,
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and wept.
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He then said:
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'May my father and mother be ransomed for you, O Prophet of Allah!
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By Allah, Allah will never combine two deaths upon you;
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as for the death that was decreed for you, you have now tasted it.'"
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The Sermon of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to the People.
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Then Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, came out to the people
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and informed them of the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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Indeed, Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih
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from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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Abu Bakr came out
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while 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, was speaking to the people,
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so he said,
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"Sit down, O 'Umar."
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But 'Umar refused to sit.
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So the people turned toward Abu Bakr and left 'Umar.
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Thereupon, Abu Bakr said:
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"To proceed:
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Whoever among you used to worship Muhammad, peace be upon him,
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then Muhammad has surely died;
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and whoever worships Allah,
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then Allah is Ever-Living and does not die."
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Allah Almighty said:
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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"If he were to die or be killed,
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would you turn back on your heels?
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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And Allah will reward the grateful."
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Ibn Abbas said:
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"The people began to weep bitterly with sobs."
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He said:
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"By Allah, it was as if the people did not know that Allah had revealed this verse
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until Abu Bakr recited it,
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and all the people learned it from him,
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so that I did not hear a single person who was not reciting it."
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And 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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"By Allah, as soon as I heard Abu Bakr recite it,
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I was utterly stunned and paralyzed until my legs could no longer carry me,
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and I collapsed to the ground.
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When I heard him recite it,
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I realized that the Prophet, peace be upon him, had indeed died."
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And Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih as a mu'allaq report
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from 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said:
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"Neither of their two speeches was delivered except that Allah brought benefit through it.
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'Umar struck fear into the people, among whom were hypocrites,
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and Allah thereby subdued them.
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Then Abu Bakr guided the people clearly to true guidance,
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making known to them the duty incumbent upon them,
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and they went forth reciting:
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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'If he were to die or be killed,
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would you turn back on your heels?
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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“Muhammad is but a messenger, messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. Will it be that, when he dieth or is slain, ye will turn back on your heels? He who turneth back on his heels doth no hurt to Allah, and Allah will reward the thankful.” (3:144)
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And Allah will reward the grateful.'"
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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah):
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"Though the longing of people for one another may endure,
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the longing for you exceeds all bounds.
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May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised,
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and as long as the Baqi' [remains],
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and lips move [in your remembrance]."