Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (107) | The Muslims descend upon the worldly enemy

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

0:13 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

0:17 Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi.

0:22 May Allah preserve him.

0:24 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, learns of the departure of the Quraysh and consults his companions.

0:35 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, learned that the Quraysh had set out to protect their caravan.

0:41 He consulted his Companions.

0:43 The Muhajirun spoke and spoke well.

0:46 Then he consulted them a second time.

0:50 Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih,

0:53 on the authority of Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

0:56 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

1:00 consulted [the people] when news reached him of Abu Sufyan’s approach.

1:04 In a narration by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad,

1:07 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

1:10 consulted the people on the day of Badr.

1:12 Abu Bakr spoke,

1:14 and he turned away from him.

1:16 Then Umar spoke,

1:18 and he turned away from him.

1:20 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih,

1:22 on the authority of Abdullah bin Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

1:27 Al-Miqdad said on the day of Badr:

1:29 "O Messenger of Allah,

1:31 we will not say to you as the Children of Israel said to Musa:

1:36 “They said: O Moses! We will never enter (the land) while they are in it. So go thou and thy Lord and fight! We will sit here.” (5:24)

1:39 'Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we are sitting right here.'"

1:41 "Rather, proceed, and we are with you."

1:44 It was as if the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was pleased.

1:49 In another wording by al-Bukhari and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad,

1:54 with the wording belonging to Ahmad:

1:56 Abdullah bin Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

1:59 "I witnessed a moment from al-Miqdad,

2:02 that I would love more than anything on earth to be the one who said it."

2:08 He said: He came to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

2:12 and he was a horseman.

2:14 He said:

2:16 "Rejoice, O Prophet of Allah!

2:18 By Allah, we will not say to you as the Children of Israel said to Musa, peace be upon him:

2:25 'Go, you and your Lord,

2:27 and fight; we are sitting right here.'

2:31 But by the One who sent you with the truth,

2:33 we will be before you,

2:35 and to your right, and to your left, and behind you,

2:39 until Allah grants you victory."

2:41 Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, consulted the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them.

2:48 He said:

2:50 "Advise me, O people!"

2:52 He was specifically intending the Ansar.

2:54 This is because they were the majority of the people,

2:56 and because when they pledged allegiance to him at al-'Aqabah,

2:58 they said: "O Messenger of Allah,

3:00 we are free from any obligation to protect you

3:02 until you reach our lands.

3:04 But once you reach us,

3:06 you are under our protection;

3:08 we will defend you with that which we defend

3:10 our own children and women."

3:12 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

3:14 feared that the Ansar

3:16 might not feel obligated to support him

3:18 except against those who attacked him in Madinah.

3:20 It was as if the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

3:22 feared that the Ansar

3:24 would only defend him against those who attacked him in Madinah

3:26 from among his enemies,

3:28 and that they were not obligated to march

3:30 with him against an enemy outside their own territory.

3:32 Then stood

3:34 Sa'd bin Mu'adh, may Allah be pleased with him,

3:36 and said:

3:38 "By Allah, it is as if you are intending us,

3:40 O Messenger of Allah!"

3:42 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

3:44 "Yes."

3:46 Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

3:48 "We have believed in you,

3:50 and affirmed you,

3:52 and testified that what you have brought

3:54 is the truth.

3:56 We have given you our

3:58 pledges and covenants

4:00 to hear and obey.

4:02 So proceed, O Messenger of Allah,

4:04 to whatever you intend, for we are with you.

4:06 By the One who sent you with the truth,

4:08 if you were to lead us

4:10 into this sea and plunge into it,

4:12 we would plunge into it with you;

4:14 not a single man among us would stay behind.

4:16 We do not dislike

4:18 that you lead us to meet our enemy.

4:20 We are steadfast in war,

4:22 and truthful in the encounter.

4:24 Perhaps Allah will show you

4:26 from us that which will gladden

4:28 your eyes.

4:30 So lead us forward with the blessing of Allah."

4:32 The Messenger of Allah,

4:34 peace be upon him, was pleased

4:36 by the words of Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him.

4:38 Then he said:

4:40 "March and rejoice,

4:42 for Allah has promised me

4:44 one of the two parties.

4:46 By Allah, it is as if I am now

4:48 looking at the places where the people will fall."

4:50 The Muslims' encampment

4:54 at the nearer side of the valley,

4:56 and the disbelievers

4:58 at the farther side of the valley.

5:00 Then the Messenger of Allah,

5:02 peace be upon him, marched

5:04 until he encamped with his army

5:06 at the nearer side of the valley,

5:08 close to Badr.

5:10 And the disbelievers of Quraysh encamped

5:12 at the farther side of the valley,

5:14 and neither party knew the location of the other.

5:16 As for Abu Sufyan,

5:18 he reached the seashore

5:20 and escaped with the caravan.

5:22 Allah the Exalted says:

5:24 ﴾When you were on the nearer side

5:26 and they were

5:28 on the farther side,

5:30 and the caravan was below you.

5:32 If you had made an appointment,

5:34 you would have differed in the appointment,

5:36 but that Allah might accomplish

5:38 a matter already destined,

5:40 that he who perished

5:42 “When ye were on the near bank (of the valley) and they were on the yonder bank, and the caravan was below you (on the coast plain). And had ye trysted to meet one another ye surely would have failed to keep the tryst, but (it happened, as it did, without the forethought of either of you) that Allah might conclude a thing that must be done; that he who perished (on that day) might perish by a clear proof (of His Sovereignty) and he who survived might survive by a clear proof (of His Sovereignty). Lo! Allah in truth is Hearer, Knower.” (8:42)

5:44 and he who lived

5:46 might live upon evidence.

5:48 And indeed, Allah

5:50 is Hearing and Knowing.﴿

5:52 Ibn Ishaq said

5:55 in the Tafsir of this verse:

5:57 "That is, so that he who disbelieved might disbelieve

5:59 after the proof [was established],

6:01 having seen the signs and lessons,

6:03 and he who believed might believe

6:05 upon the same."

6:07 The scholar Ibn Kathir said,

6:09 commenting on the Tafsir of Ibn Ishaq:

6:11 "This is a good interpretation.

6:13 He elaborated on this,

6:15 saying that Allah the Exalted is saying:

6:17 'I gathered you

6:19 with your enemy in one place

6:21 without an appointment,

6:23 so that I might grant you victory over them,

6:25 and raise the word of truth

6:27 over falsehood, so that the matter

6:29 would become manifest, the proof

6:31 conclusive, and the evidence

6:33 brilliant, leaving no room

6:35 for anyone to have an excuse or doubt.'

6:37 Then,

6:39 he who perished would perish—

6:41 meaning, he who persists in disbelief

6:43 while having clear insight

6:45 that he is in the wrong,

6:47 due to the proof having been established against him.

6:49 And he who lived would live—

6:51 meaning, he who believes would believe

6:53 based on clear evidence,

6:55 that is, proof and insight."

6:57 The Messenger of Allah,

7:00 peace be upon him,

7:02 sent his Companions to

7:04 Badr.

7:07 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, sent

7:09 Ali bin Abi Talib,

7:11 al-Zubayr bin al-'Awwam,

7:13 and Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas,

7:15 may Allah be pleased with them,

7:17 among a group of the Companions to

7:19 the wells of Badr to seek

7:21 news of the Quraysh.

7:23 Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad,

7:25 with a sound chain of narration,

7:27 on the authority of Ali bin Abi Talib,

7:29 may Allah be pleased with him, that he said:

7:31 "We found there

7:33 two men from among them:

7:35 a man from Quraysh,

7:37 and a servant of 'Uqbah bin Abi Mu'ayt.

7:39 As for the Qurayshi, he escaped,

7:41 but we captured the servant of 'Uqbah.

7:43 We began asking him:

7:45 'How many are the people?'

7:47 He would say:

7:49 'By Allah, they are many in number,

7:51 and their might is great.'

7:53 The Muslims would

7:55 beat him whenever he said that,

7:57 until they brought him to the Prophet,

7:59 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

8:01 He asked him,

8:03 "How many are the people?"

8:05 He replied, "By Allah, they are many in number,

8:07 and their might is great."

8:09 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, strove

8:11 to get him to disclose their exact number,

8:13 but he refused.

8:15 Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

8:17 asked him,

8:19 "How many camels do they slaughter?"

8:21 The term 'juzur' is the plural of 'jazur',

8:23 which refers to a camel.

8:25 He replied, "Ten

8:27 every day."

8:29 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

8:31 "The people are a thousand,

8:33 for every camel

8:35 suffices a hundred and their followers."

8:37 In another narration in Sahih Muslim,

8:39 and the Musnad of Imam Ahmad,

8:41 and the Sunan of Abu Dawud,

8:43 on the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,

8:45 he said:

8:47 They came upon the water-carriers of Quraysh,

8:49 among whom was a black slave

8:51 belonging to the family of al-Hajjaj.

8:53 The Companions of

8:55 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, seized him,

8:57 and began asking him,

8:59 "Where is Abu Sufyan?"

9:01 He would say,

9:03 "By Allah, I have no

9:05 knowledge of his affairs,

9:07 but this is Quraysh

9:09 that has come,

9:11 and among them are Abu Jahl,

9:13 and 'Utbah and Shaybah, the two sons of Rabi'ah,

9:15 and Umayyah Ibn Khalaf."

9:17 Whenever he told them this,

9:19 they would beat him.

9:21 He would cry, "Leave me! Leave me!

9:23 I will tell you."

9:25 Then, when they let him go,

9:27 he would say, "By Allah, I have no

9:29 knowledge of Abu Sufyan,

9:31 but this is Quraysh that has arrived,

9:33 and among them are Abu Jahl,

9:35 and 'Utbah and Shaybah, the two sons of Rabi'ah,

9:37 and Umayyah Ibn Khalaf;

9:39 they have arrived."

9:41 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

9:43 was praying and heard all of this.

9:45 When he finished,

9:47 he said, "By the One

9:49 in whose hand is my soul, you

9:51 beat him when he tells you the truth,

9:53 and you leave him alone when

9:55 he lies to you.

9:57 This is Quraysh that has arrived

9:59 to defend Abu Sufyan."

10:01 I say:

10:03 The beating by the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them,

10:05 of the slave of the family of al-Hajjaj

10:07 is evidence of their aversion

10:09 to fighting,

10:11 as Allah the Exalted said:

10:13 ﴾And [remember] when Allah promised you

10:15 one of the two groups

10:17 that it would be yours,

10:19 and you wished that

10:21 the one unarmed

10:23 would be yours.﴿

10:25 And Allah intends

10:27 to establish the truth

10:29 by His words

10:31 and to eliminate the disbelievers.

10:33 The Hafiz,

10:35 Ibn Kathir, said:

10:37 The Companions of

10:39 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, disliked that,

10:41 and they wished

10:43 that it had been the caravan of Abu Sufyan,

10:45 as it was near to them,

10:47 so that they might seize it,

10:49 because it was lighter in burden

10:51 than fighting the mobilized army of Quraysh,

10:53 due to their great might

10:55 and their preparation for that.

10:57 They said, "They beat them both;

10:59 and when the pain of the beating becomes too much for them,

11:01 they say, 'We belong to Abu Sufyan,'

11:03 and when they stop

11:05 beating them and ask them again,

11:07 they say, 'We belong to Quraysh.'"

11:09 A summary

11:12 of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

11:28 May Allah send blessings upon you

11:30 as long as the call to prayer is raised,

11:32 and may you be moved

11:34 by the remainder

11:36 of the healing.

Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (107) | The Muslims descend upon the worldly enemy

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