Part of A summary of the Prophet’s biography (the series is complete)
· Lesson 139 of 182
Summary of the Prophet’s biography | Episode (162) | The entry of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, with Safiyya, may God be pleased with her
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
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*The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*,
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authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid Al-'Azimi,
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may Allah preserve him.
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The Prophet's manumission of
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Safiyyah bint Huyayy,
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may Allah be pleased with her.
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, chose for himself
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from the spoils of Khaybar
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Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab,
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may Allah be pleased with her.
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She embraced Islam,
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so he emancipated her and married her,
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and he consummated the marriage with her on the way to Medina after she became lawful for marriage.
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The two Shaykhs [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] narrated in their two *Sahih*s
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from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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Dihyah, may Allah be pleased with him, came
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and said, "O Prophet of Allah,
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grant me a slave-girl from the captives."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,
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"Go and take a slave-girl."
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So he took Safiyyah bint Huyayy.
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Thereupon, a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
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and said, "O Prophet of Allah!
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You gave Dihyah Safiyyah bint Huyayy,
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the chief lady of Qurayzah and Al-Nadir;
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she is fit for none but you."
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So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,
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"Summon him with her."
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So he brought her.
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When the Prophet (peace be upon him) looked at her,
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he said,
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"Take another slave-girl from the captives."
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He said:
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And the Prophet (peace be upon him) freed her and married her.
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And the two Shaykhs narrated in their two *Sahih*s
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from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him,
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who said
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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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emancipated Safiyyah
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and made her emancipation her dowry.
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In another wording,
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Thabit Al-Bunani said,
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"O Abu Hamzah!"—
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which was the kunyah of Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him—
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"O Abu Hamzah, what did he give her as a dowry?"
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He replied,
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"Herself;
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he emancipated her and married her."
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Is the ruling of her dowry
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exclusive to the Prophet (peace be upon him)?
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There is a difference of opinion on this issue.
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Imam Al-Nawawi said:
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"And the statement,
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'He gave her herself as a dowry,'
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is differed upon regarding its meaning.
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The correct view adopted by the verifying scholars
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is that he emancipated her gratuitously without compensation or condition,
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then married her with her consent without a dowry.
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And this was among his unique privileges (peace be upon him):
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that it was permissible for him to marry without a dowry,
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neither immediately nor deferred,
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unlike anyone else."
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However, Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim held the view
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that this ruling is not among the exclusive privileges of the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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for he said:
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"Thus, it became a Sunnah for the Ummah until the Day of Resurrection
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that a man may emancipate his slave-woman
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and make her emancipation her dowry,
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whereby she becomes his wife through that.
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If he says,
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'I have emancipated my slave-woman
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and made her emancipation her dowry,'
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or says,
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'I have made the emancipation of my slave-woman her dowry,'
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the emancipation is valid through the marriage,
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and she becomes his wife without needing to renew the contract or require a guardian.
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This is the apparent view of Ahmad's school and many of the scholars of hadith.
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Yet a group said:
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'This was exclusive to the Prophet (peace be upon him),
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being among what Allah granted him specifically in marriage to the exclusion of the Ummah.'
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This is the view of the three Imams and those who agreed with them.
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The correct view is the first,
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because the default principle is non-exclusivity
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unless evidence is established for it.
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When Allah, Glorified be He, granted him the exclusive right to marry the woman who offered herself,
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He said regarding her:
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“O Prophet! Lo! We have made lawful unto thee thy wives unto whom thou hast paid their dowries, and those whom thy right hand possesseth of those whom Allah hath given thee as spoils of war, and the daughters of thine uncle on the father's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the father's side, and the daughters of thine uncle on the mother's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the mother's side who emigrated with thee, and a believing woman if she give herself unto the Prophet and the Prophet desire to ask her in marriage - a privilege for thee only, not for the (rest of) believers - We are Aware of that which We enjoined upon them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess - that thou mayst be free from blame, for Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (33:50)
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And He did not say this concerning the emancipated woman,
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nor did he (peace be upon him) state it
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so as to preclude the Ummah from emulating him in that.
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Moreover, Allah, Glorified be He, permitted him to marry the wife of his adopted son
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so that there would be no discomfort for the Ummah in marrying the wives of their adopted sons.
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This indicates that whenever he contracted a marriage,
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his Ummah may emulate him in it,
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so long as there does not come from Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him)
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a text specifying exclusivity and barring emulation.
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This is evident.
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The full establishment of this issue, the detailed presentation of its arguments,
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and the demonstration that the permissibility of such
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conforms to the foundational principles and sound analogy,
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belongs in another place;
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we have merely pointed it out as a reminder."
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The Prophet's consummation of marriage with Safiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her.
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Imam Al-Bukhari narrated in his *Sahih*
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from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) arrived at Khaybar,
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and when Allah granted him victory over the fortress,
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the beauty of Safiyyah bint Huyayy ibn Akhtab, may Allah be pleased with her, was mentioned to him.
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Her husband had been killed and she was a bride.
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So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) chose her for himself
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and departed with her
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until, when we reached Sadd Al-Rawha',
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she became lawful [her waiting period ended],
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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) consummated the marriage with her.
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In another wording in *Sahih Muslim*,
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Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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"Then he handed her over to Umm Sulaym to adorn her for him and prepare her."
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He said, "And I think he said: 'and observe her waiting period in her house.'"
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Imam Al-Nawawi said:
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"His saying 'she observes her waiting period' means she establishes the clearance of her womb (*istibra'*);
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for she was a captive whose womb must be confirmed clear,
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and he had her stay during the period of clearance in the house of Umm Sulaym.
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When the clearance period ended,
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Umm Sulaym prepared her and adorned her—
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that is, beautified and groomed her according to the custom of brides,
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using things that are not prohibited, such as tattooing or hair extensions,
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and other forbidden practices."
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) fed
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the people *hays* for the wedding feast of Safiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her.
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Imam Al-Bukhari narrated in his *Sahih*
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from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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"Until, when we reached Sadd Al-Sahba', she became lawful,
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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) consummated the marriage with her.
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He then prepared *hays* on a small leather mat
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and said to me, 'Invite those around you.'
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That was his wedding banquet (peace be upon him) for Safiyyah."
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And in the narration of Imam Muslim,
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Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made her wedding banquet
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from dates, dried curd (*aqit*), and clarified butter (*samn*)."
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Al-Hafiz said in *Al-Fath*:
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"There is no contradiction between the two,
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because these are the ingredients of *hays*."
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Ibn Hibban narrated in his *Sahih* with an authentic chain of transmission
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from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saw
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a greenish bruise around the eye of Safiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her.
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He asked, "O Safiyyah, what is this green bruise?"
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She replied, may Allah be pleased with her,
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"My head was in the lap of Ibn Abi Al-Huqayq while I was asleep,
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and I dreamed that a moon fell into my lap.
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I told him about it, and he slapped me,
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saying, 'Do you desire the king of Yathrib?!'"
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She said, "And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)
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had been the most detested of people to me:
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he had killed my husband, my father, and my brother.
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Yet he kept apologizing to me, saying,
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'Indeed, your father incited the Arabs against me,
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and he did such-and-such,'
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until that feeling vanished from my heart."
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*The Abridgment*
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*of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah)*.
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Though longing among people may endure,
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longing for you exceeds all measure.
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May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised,
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and lips move with remembrance.