Part of Riyad as-Salihin — Gardens of the Righteous (series completed)
· Lesson 176 of 190
Riyadh Al-Salehin | Episode (186) | Chapter on the prohibition of a person’s lineage to someone other than his father
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace be upon him.
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Chapter: The Prohibition of a Person Attributing Themselves to Someone Other Than Their Father or Claiming Allegiance to Other Than Their Masters.
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On the authority of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
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"Whoever knowingly claims to be the son of someone other than his own father,
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then Paradise is forbidden to him." Agreed upon.
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"Claims" means to falsely attribute oneself.
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said:
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"Do not turn away from your fathers, for whoever turns away from his father, it is an act of disbelief."
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Agreed upon.
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Among the benefits of the hadith is the prohibition of attributing oneself to other than one's father while knowing one's true lineage.
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Whoever does so while considering it lawful commits an act of disbelief that removes him from the fold of the Ummah.
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Islam is keen on preserving lineages and mandates the duty of honoring one's parents.
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On the authority of Yazid ibn Sharik ibn Tariq, who said:
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I saw 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, on the pulpit delivering a sermon.
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I heard him say: "By Allah, we have no book that we read
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except the Book of Allah and what is in this scroll."
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He unfolded it, and in it were the ages of camels and various matters regarding injuries.
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In it, he said, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
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"Madinah is a sanctuary between 'Ayr and Thawr.
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Whoever commits an innovation therein or harbors an innovator,
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upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all of mankind.
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Allah will not accept from him on the Day of Resurrection any obligatory or supererogatory deed."
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The protection (dhimmah) of the Muslims is one, which even the lowest among them may uphold.
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Whoever violates the protection of a Muslim, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all of mankind.
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Allah will not accept from him on the Day of Resurrection any obligatory or supererogatory deed.
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And whoever claims to be the son of someone other than his father or claims allegiance to other than his masters,
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upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all of mankind.
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Allah will not accept from him on the Day of Resurrection any obligatory or supererogatory deed.
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Agreed upon.
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"The protection of the Muslims" means their covenant and security.
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"Violates" means to break their covenant.
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"Obligatory" (sarf) refers to repentance, though it is also said to mean trickery.
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"Supererogatory" (adl) means ransom.
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"Ages of camels" refers to the specification of their ages for the payment of blood money in cases of homicide.
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'Ayr and Thawr are two mountains in the Prophetic city of Madinah.
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"Commits an innovation" (ahdatha) means to introduce a heresy.
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"Protection" (dhimmah) means the covenant.
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"Obligatory" (sarf) means the mandatory act.
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"Supererogatory" (adl) means the voluntary act.
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Among the benefits of the hadith:
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did not single out his family (Ahl al-Bayt) for any knowledge exclusive of the people.
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This is because he, peace be upon him, did not conceal anything from the people.
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The permissibility of writing down knowledge.
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And that some of the Sunnah was written down during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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The permissibility of cursing the people of innovation.
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The protection of the Muslims is equal,
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whether it is issued by one of them or more,
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whether they are noble or humble.
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If any Muslim grants security to a disbeliever and gives him a covenant,
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no one may violate it,
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because the Muslims are like a single soul.
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The prohibition of breaking a covenant and violating the protection of a Muslim.
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Whoever attributes himself to someone other than his true father,
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he is a claimant who disavows his own kin
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and attaches himself to others.
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Thus, he deserves to be prayed against, to be cast out and distanced from mercy.
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Madinah is a sanctuary between its two lava fields (harrahs) and its entire protected area.
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Its vegetation must not be cut,
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its game must not be startled,
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its lost property must not be picked up,
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and its trees must not be felled,
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except for a man to feed his camel.
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No weapon for fighting may be carried therein.
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This is how the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, declared it a sanctuary,
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just as Ibrahim, peace be upon him, declared Makkah a sanctuary.
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The permissibility of swearing an oath for emphasis,
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or to negate an incorrect matter.
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The prohibition of introducing innovations into the religion of Allah.
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And that the innovator is cast out from the mercy of Allah the Almighty.
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The prohibition of harboring the people of innovation and honoring them,
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because that is a breach in the religion and an exaltation of the corrupt.
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A clarification of the honor and virtue of Madinah.
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And for that reason, sin is magnified therein.
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On the authority of Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him,
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that he heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say:
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"There is no man who claims to be the son of someone other than his father,
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while knowing it, but he has committed an act of disbelief.
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And whoever claims what is not his is not one of us,
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and let him take his seat in the Fire."
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"And whoever calls a man a disbeliever or says 'enemy of Allah,'
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and he is not so, it will return upon him."
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Agreed upon, and this is the wording of Muslim's narration.
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"Let him take his seat in the Fire,"
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meaning he takes his place in the Fire.
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"Calls a man a disbeliever,"
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meaning he says to him, "O disbeliever."
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"It will return upon him" means it reverts to him.
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Among the benefits of the hadith:
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The prohibition of denying one's known lineage
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and claiming another.
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The sin in this is contingent upon knowledge of the matter
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and the intention to perform it.
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The Shari'ah applies the term "disbelief" to certain sins
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to emphasize their gravity and confirm their prohibition.
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Whoever considers any of that lawful,
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he has disbelieved and cast off the yoke of Islam from his neck.
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The prohibition of all false claims,
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whether in knowledge, teaching, lineage, or allegiance.
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The prohibition of accusing Muslims of disbelief,
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or labeling them as enemies of Allah.
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Whoever does so to someone who does not deserve it,
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he is more deserving of it himself.
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Chapter: Warning Against Committing What Allah the Almighty
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or His Messenger, peace be upon him, has forbidden.
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Allah the Almighty says:
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“Make not the calling of the messenger among you as your calling one of another. Allah knoweth those of you who steal away, hiding themselves. And let those who conspire to evade orders beware lest grief or painful punishment befall them.” (24:63)
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“Make not the calling of the messenger among you as your calling one of another. Allah knoweth those of you who steal away, hiding themselves. And let those who conspire to evade orders beware lest grief or painful punishment befall them.” (24:63)
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And He says:
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"And Allah warns you of Himself."
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And He says:
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“Lo! the punishment of thy Lord is stern.” (85:12)
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And He says:
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“Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102)
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"Indeed, His seizure is painful and severe."
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,
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that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
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"Indeed, Allah the Almighty feels jealousy,
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and the jealousy of Allah
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is that a person commits what Allah has forbidden for him."
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Agreed upon.
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Chapter: What One Should Say and Do if They Commit a Forbidden Act.
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Allah the Almighty says:
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"And if an evil suggestion comes to you from Satan,
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then seek refuge in Allah."
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And He says:
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“Lo! those who ward off (evil), when a glamour from the devil troubleth them, they do but remember (Allah's Guidance) and behold them seers!” (7:201)
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And He says:
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“And those who, when they do an evil thing or wrong themselves, remember Allah and implore forgiveness for their sins - Who forgiveth sins save Allah only? - and will not knowingly repeat (the wrong) they did.” (3:135)
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“And those who, when they do an evil thing or wrong themselves, remember Allah and implore forgiveness for their sins - Who forgiveth sins save Allah only? - and will not knowingly repeat (the wrong) they did.” (3:135)
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“And those who, when they do an evil thing or wrong themselves, remember Allah and implore forgiveness for their sins - Who forgiveth sins save Allah only? - and will not knowingly repeat (the wrong) they did.” (3:135)
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"And they do not persist in what they have done while they know."
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“The reward of such will be forgiveness from their Lord, and Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever - a bountiful reward for workers!” (3:136)
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“The reward of such will be forgiveness from their Lord, and Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever - a bountiful reward for workers!” (3:136)
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"And excellent is the reward of the workers."
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And He says:
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"And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, that you might succeed."
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,
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from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said:
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"Whoever swears an oath and says in his oath, 'By al-Lat and al-'Uzza,'
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let him say, 'There is no god but Allah.'
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And whoever says to his companion, 'Come, let me gamble with you,'
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let him give charity."
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Agreed upon.
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"Gamble with you" means to bet with you.
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Among the benefits of the hadith:
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The obligation to turn back from sin if it is committed out of ignorance or a slip of the tongue.
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The prohibition of swearing by idols.
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And that it is something that removes the servant from the fold of the Ummah.
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The prohibition of gambling in all its forms and manifestations.
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Inviting others to sin is another sin.
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Whoever falls into a bad deed,
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he must follow it with a good deed,
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because good deeds wipe away bad deeds.
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The expiation for swearing by idols
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is saying, "There is no god but Allah."
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The expiation for inviting someone to bet is charity.
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Riyadh al-Salihin.