Part of Riyad as-Salihin — Gardens of the Righteous (series completed)
· Lesson 130 of 190
Riyadh Al-Salehin | Episode (140) | Chapter on the obligation and virtue of Hajj
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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The Book of Hajj.
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Chapter: The Obligation and Excellence of Hajj.
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Allah the Almighty says:
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“Wherein are plain memorials (of Allah's guidance); the place where Abraham stood up to pray; and whosoever entereth it is safe. And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither. As for him who disbelieveth, (let him know that) lo! Allah is Independent of (all) creatures.” (3:97)
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“Wherein are plain memorials (of Allah's guidance); the place where Abraham stood up to pray; and whosoever entereth it is safe. And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither. As for him who disbelieveth, (let him know that) lo! Allah is Independent of (all) creatures.” (3:97)
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On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both:
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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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Islam is built upon five [pillars]:
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The testimony that there is no god but Allah,
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And that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,
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Establishing prayer,
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Giving zakat,
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Pilgrimage to the House (Hajj),
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And fasting Ramadan.
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Agreed upon.
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delivered a sermon to us and said:
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"O people,
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Allah has ordained Hajj upon you, so perform Hajj."
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A man asked:
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"Is it every year, O Messenger of Allah?"
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He remained silent,
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Until the man repeated it three times.
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Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"If I had said 'yes,' it would have become obligatory,
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And you would not have been able to fulfill it."
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Then he said:
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"Leave me as I have left you,
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For those who came before you were destroyed
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By their excessive questioning
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And their disagreement with their prophets.
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So if I command you to do something,
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Perform of it as much as you are able,
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And if I forbid you from something,
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Then avoid it."
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Narrated by Muslim.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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Hajj is not obligatory upon the legally responsible person
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Except once in a lifetime, by textual evidence and consensus.
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There is no legal ruling before the arrival of the Shari'ah.
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Matters about which silence is maintained
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Retain their original state of permissibility.
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The default state for things and worldly customs
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Is permissibility.
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As for acts of worship,
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Their basis is restriction to what is prescribed.
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Prohibition is more stringent than command,
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Because the prohibition allows for no concession in committing any part of it,
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While the command is qualified by one's ability.
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Whoever is unable to perform the entirety of a commanded act but is capable of a part of it,
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Shall perform what he is able to,
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And that is what is required of him.
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The hadith is evidence of the tolerance and ease of Islam,
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And that its fundamental principle is the removal of hardship from the Ummah.
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The compassion of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for his Ummah,
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And that their suffering is grievous to him,
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He is concerned for them,
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And to them, he is kind and merciful.
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was asked:
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"Which deed is best?"
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He said:
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"Faith in Allah and His Messenger."
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It was asked:
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"Then what?"
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He said:
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"Jihad in the cause of Allah."
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It was asked:
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"Then what?"
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He said:
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"An accepted Hajj (mabrur)."
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Agreed upon.
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The 'mabrur' Hajj is one in which the performer commits no sin.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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The permissibility of referring to faith in Allah and His Messenger as a 'deed'.
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Clarification of the ranks of virtuous deeds.
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Whoever performs jihad for other than the cause of Allah,
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His deed is rejected.
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say:
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"Whoever performs Hajj and does not engage in sexual relations (rafath) or commit sin (fusuq),
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Returns as the day his mother bore him."
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Agreed upon.
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'Rafath' is sexual intercourse,
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And it also refers to allusions to it,
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And to obscenity in speech.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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Hajj purifies the soul from acts of obscenity and sin.
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An accepted Hajj is among the expiations for sins and misdeeds.
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A human is born without sins, cleared of faults,
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For he does not bear the sin of another.
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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him:
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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"An 'Umrah to an 'Umrah is an expiation for what is between them,
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And an accepted Hajj has no reward other than Paradise."
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Agreed upon.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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The recommendation to perform many 'Umrahs.
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Scholars agree on the permissibility of 'Umrah on all days
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For one who is not currently engaged in the rites of Hajj.
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The permissibility of performing 'Umrah before Hajj.
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Hajj is of a higher rank than 'Umrah.
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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:
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I said, "O Messenger of Allah,
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We consider jihad to be the best of deeds;
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Shall we not then perform jihad?"
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He replied, "But the best jihad is an accepted Hajj."
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Narrated by al-Bukhari.
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"We consider" means we believe and know.
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There is a difference in the vocalization of the word.
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The most likely is with a damma on the 'kaf' (nara),
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Addressing the women.
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In another narration,
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It is with a kasra on the 'kaf' and an added alif before it (la-kinna),
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In the sense of a corrective conjunction.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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Hajj is the jihad of women,
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Though it involves no combat.
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The virtues of jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah are numerous and well-attested.
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That is why ‘A’ishah believed it was the best deed.
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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her:
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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"There is no day on which Allah frees more of His servants from the Fire
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Than the day of ‘Arafah."
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Narrated by Muslim.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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The virtue of the day of ‘Arafah,
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And that it is a day in which Allah draws near to His servants,
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Forgiving them and having mercy upon them,
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Answering their supplications,
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And freeing their necks from the Fire.
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The recommendation to fill the day of ‘Arafah with acts of obedience, dhikr, and recitation of the Qur'an,
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As well as seeking forgiveness and turning in repentance to Allah the Almighty.
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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:
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That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
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"An 'Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to a Hajj,
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Or a Hajj with me."
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Agreed upon.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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'Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj in reward,
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Not that it takes its place in fulfilling the obligation.
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The reward of a deed increases with the increased nobility of the time,
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Just as it increases with the presence of the heart and the sincerity of intention.
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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:
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That a woman said:
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"O Messenger of Allah,
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Allah’s obligation of Hajj upon His servants
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Has reached my father when he is a very old man,
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He cannot sit firmly on a mount.
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Shall I perform Hajj on his behalf?"
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He said, "Yes."
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Agreed upon.
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And on the authority of Laqit Ibn ‘Amir, may Allah be pleased with him:
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That he came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said:
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"My father is a very old man,
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He cannot perform Hajj, nor 'Umrah, nor travel."
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He said:
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"Perform Hajj and 'Umrah on behalf of your father."
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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.
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'Al-za'n'
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Means traveling and setting out for Hajj and 'Umrah.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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Whoever is unable to perform Hajj
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Is required to appoint someone else to do it on his behalf,
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And he is not excused for neglecting this if he is capable of it.
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Interpretation of 'ability' (istita'ah):
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It is not limited to provisions and a mount only,
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But also relates to wealth and physical capacity.
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On the authority of al-Sa'ib Ibn Yazid, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
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I performed Hajj with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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During the Farewell Pilgrimage,
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While I was seven years old.
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Narrated by al-Bukhari.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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If a child who has not reached puberty performs Hajj,
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It counts as a voluntary act for him.
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On this, the scholars have agreed,
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Because it is established from Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:
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"Any child whose family performs Hajj with him, then he reaches puberty,
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He must perform another Hajj."
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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:
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That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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Met a caravan at al-Rawha',
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And said, "Who are the people?"
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They said, "The Muslims."
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They asked, "Who are you?"
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He said, "The Messenger of Allah."
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A woman lifted a child and said,
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"Is there a Hajj for this one?"
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He said, "Yes, and you have a reward."
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Narrated by Muslim.
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Al-Rawha' is a place near Medina,
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Thirty-six miles away from it.
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From the benefits of the hadith:
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Some of the people of Islam
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Might recognize the person of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
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The permissibility of asking about a group,
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And the permissibility of identifying oneself to the questioner.
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The child has the reward of Hajj,
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And his mother receives a reward equal to his.
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Because she is the cause of that.
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For the one who guides to good is like the one who performs it.
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The reward for a voluntary Hajj is recorded for the child.
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Yet it does not suffice him for the obligatory Hajj.
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On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,
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that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
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performed Hajj upon a simple saddle.
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And it was a pack-camel.
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Narrated by al-Bukhari.
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A saddle (rahl).
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Meaning everything prepared for travel.
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Such as the baggage container and the camel's mount.
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The intent is that the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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performed Hajj on the camel's saddle frame without a litter.
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A pack-camel (zamilah).
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Meaning the camel upon which food and baggage are carried.
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Among the benefits of the hadith:
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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did not have
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during the Farewell Pilgrimage a separate pack-camel
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to carry his baggage and food.
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Rather, that was carried with him on his own mount.
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Thus, his mount served as his pack-camel.
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This demonstrates the humility of the Prophet, peace be upon him,
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and his detachment from worldly goods while setting out for Hajj.
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Among his supplications during this journey was:
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"O Allah, make it a Hajj in which there is no showing off and no seeking of reputation."
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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:
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'Ukaz, Mijannah, and Dhu al-Majaz
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were markets during the pre-Islamic period.
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The people felt it sinful to trade during the pilgrimage seasons.
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Then it was revealed: ﴾There is no sin upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord﴿
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during the Hajj seasons.
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Narrated by al-Bukhari.
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"Felt it sinful" means they felt uneasy and feared falling into sin.
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Among the benefits of the hadith:
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It is evidence that the Companions would not perform an action
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if they feared it might result in sin,
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even if it held benefit for them, until they understood the wisdom behind it.
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The permissibility of trade during Hajj.
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And that this is among the benefits in which there is no harm.
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Riyad al-Salihin.