Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 284 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (6-9) | Surah Al-An'am | Verses from (141) to (150)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-An'am.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals.” (6:141)
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"...and trellised..."
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“He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals.” (6:141)
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"...and olives and pomegranates, similar..."
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"...similar and dissimilar..."
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“He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals.” (6:141)
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“He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals.” (6:141)
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"...and do not commit excess..."
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"...Indeed, He does not like those who commit excess."
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Your Lord, O people,
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Has created gardens raised upon trellises made by people,
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And others untrellised, growing directly on the ground;
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Yet Allah causes them to rise, sprout, and grow.
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And He brought forth palm trees and crops of varying produce,
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As well as olives and pomegranates, similar in shape,
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Yet dissimilar in taste;
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For among them are the sweet and the sour.
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“He it is Who produceth gardens trellised and untrellised, and the date-palm, and crops of divers flavour, and the olive and the pomegranate, like and unlike. Eat ye of the fruit thereof when it fruiteth, and pay the due thereof upon the harvest day, and be not prodigal. Lo! Allah loveth not the prodigals.” (6:141)
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"And pay its due on the day of its harvest..."
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And do not commit excess in giving away
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Your wealth to the extent that it harms you.
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“And of the cattle (He produceth) some for burdens, some for food. Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed upon you, and follow not the footsteps of the devil, for lo! he is an open foe to you.” (6:142)
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"Eat of what Allah has provided for you..."
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"...and do not follow the footsteps of Satan..."
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"...Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy."
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And He brought forth from livestock beasts of burden,
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Such as camels that carry loads,
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And small livestock fit for bedding, which are the young camels
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That have not yet reached the size to carry loads.
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"Eat of what Allah has provided for you..."
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O believers,
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"...and do not follow the footsteps of Satan..."
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Lest you prohibit upon yourselves
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The good provisions Allah has provided,
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“Lo! the devil is an enemy for you, so treat him as an enemy. He only summoneth his faction to be owners of the flaming Fire.” (35:6)
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For he desires your destruction,
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And he has clearly shown his enmity to you.
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"Eight pairs:"
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"Of the sheep, two..."
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"...and of the goats, two..."
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"Say: 'Is it the two males...'"
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"'...He has forbidden, or the two females...'"
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"'...or the two females...'"
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"'...or that which contains...'"
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"'...the wombs of the two females?'"
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"'Inform me with knowledge...'"
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"'...if you are truthful.'"
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And from livestock We created
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Eight pairs:
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Of the sheep, two,
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And of the goats, two—
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Making a total of four.
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Say to them, O Muhammad:
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"Is it the two males that your Lord..."
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Has forbidden of the sheep and goats?
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If they claim that,
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They have demonstrated their ignorance,
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Because they make use of
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The meat and backs of the males.
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And if they say:
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"Our Lord has forbidden the two females"
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Of the sheep and goats,
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In that lies a refutation of their claim,
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Because they make use of
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The meat and backs of some of those females.
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And if they say:
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"Our Lord has forbidden..."
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"...that which the wombs of the two females contained,"
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Their argument is invalidated,
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Because they make use of
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Some of their males and females.
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Say to them, O Muhammad:
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"Inform me"
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With actual knowledge as to which of these
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Your Lord has forbidden to you,
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"If you are truthful."
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"And of the camels, two..."
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"...and of the cattle, two..."
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"Say: 'Is it the two males...'"
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"...He has forbidden..."
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"...or the two females..."
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"...or the two females..."
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"...or..."
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"...the two females..."
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"...or..."
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"...that which contained..."
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"...the wombs of the two females?..."
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"...Or..."
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"...were you witnesses..."
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"...when..."
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"...Allah enjoined this upon you?'..."
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"...So who is more unjust..."
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"...than one who invents..."
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"...a lie against Allah..."
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"...to mislead the people..."
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"...without knowledge?..."
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"...Indeed, Allah does not..."
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"...guide the wrongdoing people."
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"And of the camels, two..."
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"...and of the cattle, two..."
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These make four pairs.
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"Say: 'Is it the two males..."
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"...He has forbidden, or the two females..."
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"...or that which contained..."
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"...the wombs of the two females?'"
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Say to them, O Muhammad:
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"Did you speak based on knowledge that Allah..."
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Forbidden this—did He inform you of it,
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Or did His Messenger inform you?
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Or were you present before your Lord
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When He enjoined this upon you?
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For this which
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You claim cannot be known
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Except through divine revelation.
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Who, then, is more unjust to himself
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And further from the truth
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Than one who fabricates lies against Allah
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To turn people away from His path?
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Indeed, Allah does not guide to righteousness
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Anyone who fabricates falsehood and lies.
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"Say: 'I do not find...'"
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"'...in that which has been revealed to me...'"
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"'...anything forbidden to an eater...'"
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"'...who eats it...'"
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"'...unless it be...'"
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"'...carrion...'"
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"'...unless it be...'"
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"'...carrion, or spilled...'"
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"'...blood, or the flesh...'"
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"'...of swine...'"
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"'...or the flesh of swine...'"
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"'...for indeed, it is...'"
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"'...an abomination; or an impious offering...'"
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"'...or an impious offering...'"
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"'...dedicated to other than Allah.'..."
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"'...But whoever is forced by necessity...'"
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"'...without desiring it...'"
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"'...nor transgressing...'"
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"'...then indeed, your Lord is...'"
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"'...Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'"
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Say, O Muhammad,
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To these people: "I do not find
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In that which has been revealed to me of His Book
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Anything forbidden to
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An eater who eats it
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Among the things you claim He forbidden
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Of these livestock—
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“Say: I find not in that which is revealed unto me aught prohibited to an eater that he eat thereof, except it be carrion, or blood poured forth, or swineflesh - for that verily is foul - or the abomination which was immolated to the name of other than Allah. But whoso is compelled (thereto), neither craving nor transgressing, (for him) lo! thy Lord is Forgiving, Merciful.” (6:145)
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Except for carrion, or spilled blood that flows,
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Or the flesh of
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Swine, for it is impure
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And filthy;
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Or an animal slaughtered
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By the polytheists, the idolaters,
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Over which the name of an idol was invoked."
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"But whoever is forced by necessity"
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To eat what Allah has forbidden,
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Without desiring to eat it for pleasure,
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Nor seeking enjoyment in it,
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Nor transgressing in his eating by exceeding
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The limit Allah set
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That permitted it to him,
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Then there is no sin upon him
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In what he has done of that.
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For He conceals his fault by withholding
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Punishment for it,
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And He is Most Merciful in allowing
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Him to eat that in his time of need.
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Had He willed,
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He could have forbidden it to him and withheld
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It from him.
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"...or joined to a bone.
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Thus did We recompense them
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For their transgression,
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And indeed, We
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Are truthful."
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"And unto those who are Jews We forbade
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Every animal with undivided hoofs—among beasts
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And birds;"
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Namely, that which does not have cloven
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Toes, such as camels, ostriches,
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Geese, and ducks.
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"And We forbade unto the Jews
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Of cattle and sheep their fat,
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Except the fat of the flanks,
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Or what is attached to the back,"
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Such as the tail fat.
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Likewise, He did not forbid
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What is attached to the entrails,
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Which are the small intestines,
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Nor what is mixed with bone,
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Such as the fat of the tail fat, what is in the limbs,
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The flanks, and the head;
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Whatever is mixed
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With bone is lawful.
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"That is what We recompensed them with"
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By way of punishment for them,
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"And indeed, We are truthful"
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In this report of Ours concerning these
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Jews and what We forbade
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To them, whereas they are the liars
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In their claim,
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that this was only forbidden
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by Israel [Jacob] upon himself.
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If they deny you,
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then say, "Your Lord
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is possessed of mercy
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that is vast."
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Say, "Your Lord
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is possessed of vast mercy,
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and He does not avert
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His punishment from the people [who are guilty]."
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If these Jews deny you, O Muhammad,
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[peace be upon him],
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then say, "Your Lord
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is possessed of mercy toward us
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and toward whoever is a believer,
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and His mercy is vast,
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encompassing all of His creation,
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and He does not avert His might and His punishment
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from the people who have committed crimes,
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having acquired sins
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and perpetrated evil deeds."
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Those who
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associated partners with Allah will say, "If Allah had willed,
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we would not have
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associated partners, nor would
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our fathers,
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nor would
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our fathers, nor would we have
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forbidden
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anything." Just as they did,
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those who were
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before them denied, until
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they tasted Our punishment.
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Say, "Do you
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have any knowledge
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that you can bring forth
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for us?
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You follow
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nothing but conjecture,
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and you are
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doing nothing but lying."
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Those who
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associated partners with Allah will say,
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"If Allah had willed,
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we would not have made any partner for Allah,
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nor would our fathers have made
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that [forbidden] for Him,
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either by compelling us to believe,
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or by being gentle with us
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through His guidance."
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But He was pleased with what we are upon.
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Just as these people denied,
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O you polytheists, O Muhammad,
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likewise did those before them deny,
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from the wicked among the nations,
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until they provoked Our wrath,
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so We became angry with them,
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and We brought down upon them Our punishment,
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and they tasted it.
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Say, O Muhammad,
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"Do you have any knowledge for your claims,
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any certainty or proof,
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that you can show us
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and clarify?
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You are only saying what you say,
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O you polytheists,
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and you are not in all of that
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but fabricating
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falsehood against Allah,
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based on conjecture without certainty."
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Say, "To Allah belongs
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the conclusive argument.
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For had He willed,
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He would have guided you
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all."
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Say, "To Allah,
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who has forbidden you
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to associate anything with Him, belongs
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the conclusive argument,
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which reaches His intended purpose
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in its establishment against those who use it as an argument
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from among His creation,
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and cuts off their excuse
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once it reaches them."
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For had your Lord willed,
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He would have granted you all the success to agree
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upon singling Him out in worship
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and abandoning the following of the footsteps
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of Satan.
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But He did not will that,
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so He differentiated between His creation
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in what He willed for them;
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among them is the disbeliever,
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and among them is the believer.
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And [bring] your witnesses
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who testify
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that Allah
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has forbidden this.
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If
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they testify, do not testify
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with them,
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and do not follow
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the desires of those who
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denied Our signs,
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and those who do not believe,
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and those who
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do not believe in the Hereafter,
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while they
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equate others
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with their Lord.
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Say to them, O Muhammad,
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"Bring
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your witnesses who testify
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that Allah has forbidden
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for you what you claim."
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If they bring you witnesses,
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do not testify with them,
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for they are liars
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and false witnesses.
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And do not follow the desires of those who
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denied Our signs,
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and do not follow the desires of those who
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do not believe in the Hereafter,
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for while they deny the Resurrection,
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they equate idols
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and statues [with Allah],
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making them equal to Him,
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and taking them as rivals to Him,
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worshipping them instead of Him.
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The summary from
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the Tafsir of al-Tabari.