Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (4-6) | Surah An-Nisa

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:05 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

0:08 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari.

0:14 Surah An-Nisa'.

0:18 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:23 “Let those fight in the way of Allah who sell the life of this world for the other. Whoso fighteth in the way of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, on him We shall bestow a vast reward.” (4:74)

0:31 “Let those fight in the way of Allah who sell the life of this world for the other. Whoso fighteth in the way of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, on him We shall bestow a vast reward.” (4:74)

0:39 ﴾We shall grant him a magnificent reward.﴿

0:45 Let those who sell their worldly life for the reward of the Hereafter fight in the cause of Allah's religion.

0:51 Their selling of it

0:53 is their spending of their wealth seeking Allah's pleasure,

0:56 and offering their lives for His sake in that cause.

0:59 And whoever fights in the cause of Allah seeking to establish the religion of Allah,

1:04 and is killed by the enemies of Allah,

1:06 or overcomes them and triumphs over them,

1:09 We shall bestow upon him a magnificent reward and recompense.

1:13 “How should ye not fight for the cause of Allah and of the feeble among men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Bring us forth from out this town of which the people are oppressors! Oh, give us from thy presence some protecting friend! Oh, give us from Thy presence some defender!” (4:75)

1:25 “How should ye not fight for the cause of Allah and of the feeble among men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Bring us forth from out this town of which the people are oppressors! Oh, give us from thy presence some protecting friend! Oh, give us from Thy presence some defender!” (4:75)

1:39 “How should ye not fight for the cause of Allah and of the feeble among men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Bring us forth from out this town of which the people are oppressors! Oh, give us from thy presence some protecting friend! Oh, give us from Thy presence some defender!” (4:75)

1:45 “How should ye not fight for the cause of Allah and of the feeble among men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Bring us forth from out this town of which the people are oppressors! Oh, give us from thy presence some protecting friend! Oh, give us from Thy presence some defender!” (4:75)

1:51 And what is the matter with you, O believers, that you do not fight in the cause of Allah,

1:56 and on behalf of the oppressed among the people of your religion,

1:59 whom the disbelievers have deemed weak and humiliated,

2:03 seeking to persecute them and turn them away from their religion,

2:07 consisting of men, women, and children,

2:10 who say in their supplication:

2:13 "O our Lord, bring us out of this town,

2:16 which is Mecca, whose people have wronged us,

2:20 and appoint for us from Yourself a protector to manage our affairs sufficiently,

2:24 and appoint for us from Yourself a helper to support us against those who have wronged us."

2:29 “Those who believe do battle for the cause of Allah; and those who disbelieve do battle for the cause of idols. So fight the minions of the devil. Lo! the devil's strategy is ever weak.” (4:76)

2:36 “Those who believe do battle for the cause of Allah; and those who disbelieve do battle for the cause of idols. So fight the minions of the devil. Lo! the devil's strategy is ever weak.” (4:76)

2:42 ﴾So fight the allies of Satan.﴿

2:47 “Those who believe do battle for the cause of Allah; and those who disbelieve do battle for the cause of idols. So fight the minions of the devil. Lo! the devil's strategy is ever weak.” (4:76)

2:53 Those who have believed in Allah and His Messenger

2:57 fight in obedience to Allah and according to the methodology of His religion;

3:01 whereas those who have rejected the oneness of Allah and denied His Messenger

3:05 fight in the way of obeying Satan, along his path and methodology.

3:10 So fight, O believers, against the allies of Satan!

3:15 Indeed, Satan's plotting—by rallying his allies among the disbelievers against the people of faith—

3:21 has ever been weak.

3:23 So do not fear the allies of Satan.

3:27 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muhammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.” (4:77)

3:35 ﴾And establish prayer and give zakat.﴿

3:40 ﴾Yet when fighting was ordained for them,﴿

3:44 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muhammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.” (4:77)

4:00 ﴾or even with greater fear.﴿

4:02 ﴾And they said, "Our Lord, why have You ordained fighting upon us?"﴿

4:07 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muhammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.” (4:77)

4:16 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muhammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.” (4:77)

4:19 “Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muhammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.” (4:77)

4:23 ﴾and you will not be wronged in the least.﴿

4:27 Have you not seen with insight, O Muhammad, those of your Companions to whom it was said,

4:33 when they asked you to petition your Lord to prescribe fighting upon them:

4:38 "Withhold your hands, refraining from fighting the polytheists,

4:43 and perform the prayer, and give zakat to those entitled to it"?

4:46 But when fighting, which they had previously requested, was prescribed for them,

4:51 suddenly a group of them feared the people who would fight them,

4:55 just as they should fear Allah, or with an even greater dread!

4:58 Out of anguish over fighting, they said:

5:01 "Why have You prescribed fighting upon us?

5:03 Why did You not grant us respite until they die upon their beds and in their homes?"

5:09 Say, O Muhammad, to these people:

5:12 "Your life in this world and your enjoyment of it is brief,

5:16 because it is fleeting,

5:18 whereas the bliss of the Hereafter is far better for whoever fears Allah;

5:21 and Allah will not diminish the rewards of your deeds even by the thread of a date-stone."

5:53 “Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muhammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?” (4:78)

5:58 ﴾What is the matter with these people that they scarcely understand any discourse?﴿

6:06 Wherever you may be, death will overtake you and you will die;

6:11 so do not despair of death and grow too weak to face your enemy,

6:16 for death will surely reach your souls,

6:19 even if you fortify yourselves against it within towering strongholds.

6:23 And if prosperity, victory, and conquest come their way,

6:26 they say, "This is from Allah and by His decree."

6:30 But if hardship in the form of defeat, wounds, and pain strikes them,

6:35 they say, "This is from Muhammad;

6:38 he mismanaged the affair and exercised poor judgment."

6:41 Say, O Muhammad, to these people:

6:44 "All of it is from Allah."

6:47 What is the matter with these people that they scarcely understand

6:51 the reality of what you convey to them:

6:53 that whatever strikes them of good or ill

6:57 is ultimately from Allah?

6:59 “Whatever of good befalleth thee (O man) it is from Allah, and whatever of ill befalleth thee it is from thyself. We have sent thee (Muhammad) as a messenger unto mankind and Allah is sufficient as Witness.” (4:79)

7:05 “Whatever of good befalleth thee (O man) it is from Allah, and whatever of ill befalleth thee it is from thyself. We have sent thee (Muhammad) as a messenger unto mankind and Allah is sufficient as Witness.” (4:79)

7:12 ﴾And We have sent you to the people as a messenger,﴿

7:17 ﴾and sufficient is Allah as a witness.﴿

7:22 Whatever prosperity and blessing reaches you, O Muhammad,

7:25 is from the bounty of Allah upon you;

7:28 and whatever hardship, difficulty, and adversity strikes you

7:31 is from yourself, due to a sin you have earned.

7:34 We have only made you, O Muhammad, a messenger:

7:38 if they accept what you were sent with, it is for their own benefit,

7:42 and if they reject it, the consequence falls upon themselves.

7:44 And Allah is sufficient as a witness over you regarding your conveyance of the message,

7:48 and over those to whom you were sent;

7:50 for indeed, neither your affair nor theirs is hidden from Him,

7:54 and He will fully recompense you and recompense them.

7:57 “Whoso obeyeth the messenger hath obeyed Allah, and whoso turneth away: We have not sent thee as a warder over them.” (4:80)

8:03 “Whoso obeyeth the messenger hath obeyed Allah, and whoso turneth away: We have not sent thee as a warder over them.” (4:80)

8:11 Whoever among you, O people, obeys Muhammad has indeed obeyed Me;

8:16 and whoever turns away from obeying you, O Muhammad, and shuns you,

8:20 We have not sent you over them as a keeper to monitor their deeds or hold them to account.

8:25 Rather, We only sent you to clarify for them what was revealed to them;

8:30 and sufficient are We as a preserver of their deeds,

8:33 and as an auditor to reckon them for those deeds.

8:35 ﴾And they say, "Obedience."﴿

8:39 “And they say: (It is) obedience; but when they have gone forth from thee a party of them spend the night in planning other than what thou sayest. Allah recordeth what they plan by night. So oppose them and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.” (4:81)

8:54 “And they say: (It is) obedience; but when they have gone forth from thee a party of them spend the night in planning other than what thou sayest. Allah recordeth what they plan by night. So oppose them and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.” (4:81)

8:59 “And they say: (It is) obedience; but when they have gone forth from thee a party of them spend the night in planning other than what thou sayest. Allah recordeth what they plan by night. So oppose them and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.” (4:81)

9:04 ﴾And sufficient is Allah as a Disposer of affairs.﴿

9:08 And they say to the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) whenever he commands them with an order:

9:15 "Your command is met with obedience."

9:17 Yet when they leave your presence, O Muhammad,

9:20 a faction among them plots by night contrary to what you tell them.

9:24 But Allah records what they alter of your words by night

9:28 in the records of their deeds, written down by His preserving angels.

9:32 So turn away, O Muhammad, from these hypocrites,

9:36 and entrust your affair entirely to Allah;

9:38 and Allah is sufficient for you as a Trustee in whatever He commands you,

9:41 and as a Protector and Helper for you.

9:44 ﴾Do they not then ponder the Qur'an?﴿

9:49 “Will they not then ponder on the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah they would have found therein much incongruity.” (4:82)

9:53 “Will they not then ponder on the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah they would have found therein much incongruity.” (4:82)

9:58 Do those who plot by night contrary to what you tell them, O Muhammad, not contemplate the Book of Allah,

10:05 so that they may realize Allah's proof against them regarding the obligation of obeying you,

10:09 and understand that the Revelation you brought them is truly from their Lord,

10:14 owing to the perfect consistency of its meanings and the harmony of its rulings?

10:17 For had it been from other than Allah,

10:20 its rulings would have differed and its meanings would have contradicted one another,

10:24 and parts of it would have exposed the invalidity of other parts.

10:27 “And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).” (4:83)

10:34 ﴾they broadcast it.﴿

10:36 “And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).” (4:83)

10:41 “And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).” (4:83)

10:47 ﴾And were it not for the bounty of Allah upon you and His mercy...﴿

10:51 “And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).” (4:83)

10:56 And whenever there comes to this faction that plots by night

11:00 contrary to what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) says

11:05 any news regarding an expedition of Muslims engaged in battle—

11:09 whether stating that they are safe from their enemy

11:12 or expressing fear concerning their enemy—

11:14 they broadcast it and spread it among the people before the Messenger of Allah does.

11:20 But if they had only referred the matter that reached them regarding their enemy and the Muslims

11:24 back to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

11:27 and to their leaders,

11:29 and had remained silent and not disseminated the report that reached them,

11:33 so that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

11:37 or their authorities would be the ones to handle the news regarding it,

11:41 verifying it if it were true,

11:44 or refuting it if it were false,

11:47 those who could draw proper conclusions from among the authorities would have known it.

11:51 And were it not for Allah's favor upon you, O believers,

11:55 through His grace and guidance,

11:57 rescuing you from that with which He afflicted these hypocrites,

12:01 you would have been like them and followed Satan,

12:05 “And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).” (4:83)

12:08 broadcasting it, except for a few of them.

12:11 “So fight (O Muhammad) in the way of Allah Thou art not taxed (with the responsibility for anyone) except thyself - and urge on the believers. Peradventure Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. Allah is stronger in might and stronger in inflicting punishment.” (4:84)

12:18 ﴾and encourage the believers.﴿

12:22 “So fight (O Muhammad) in the way of Allah Thou art not taxed (with the responsibility for anyone) except thyself - and urge on the believers. Peradventure Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. Allah is stronger in might and stronger in inflicting punishment.” (4:84)

12:28 “So fight (O Muhammad) in the way of Allah Thou art not taxed (with the responsibility for anyone) except thyself - and urge on the believers. Peradventure Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. Allah is stronger in might and stronger in inflicting punishment.” (4:84)

12:36 So fight, O Muhammad, the enemies of Allah among the polytheists in defense of Islam;

12:41 Allah does not hold you responsible for what He has ordained upon you of fighting His enemy and yours

12:47 except to the extent of what He has tasked you with,

12:49 and urge the believers to fight those whom I have commanded you to fight,

12:54 so that Allah may perhaps restrain the military might of those who deny His oneness.

12:59 And Allah is far mightier in inflicting harm upon His enemy and far stronger in punishment.

13:04 So do not shrink from fighting them,

13:07 for I am lying in wait for them with overwhelming might, defeat, deterrent punishment, and retribution.

13:12 “Whoso interveneth in a good cause will have the reward thereof, and whoso interveneth in an evil cause will bear the consequence thereof. Allah overseeth all things.” (4:85)

13:22 “Whoso interveneth in a good cause will have the reward thereof, and whoso interveneth in an evil cause will bear the consequence thereof. Allah overseeth all things.” (4:85)

13:31 “Whoso interveneth in a good cause will have the reward thereof, and whoso interveneth in an evil cause will bear the consequence thereof. Allah overseeth all things.” (4:85)

13:37 Whoever becomes, O Muhammad, an aid adding strength to the solitary number of your Companions,

13:41 joining them in fighting their enemy,

13:44 will have from that support a share of Allah's reward.

13:49 And whoever joins and strengthens the solitary forces of the disbelievers against the believers in Him,

13:53 fighting alongside them, will bear a share of the burden and sin.

13:59 And Allah has ever been a Preserver and Witness over all things.

14:04 And it is not far-fetched that the verse was revealed concerning what we have mentioned,

14:09 and then broadly applied to everyone who intercedes or supports in good or evil.

14:13 “When ye are greeted with a greeting, greet ye with a better than it or return it. Lo! Allah taketh count of all things.” (4:86)

14:23 “When ye are greeted with a greeting, greet ye with a better than it or return it. Lo! Allah taketh count of all things.” (4:86)

14:30 And when you are greeted with prayers for a long life, survival, and safety,

14:35 then greet the one who prayed for you with a prayer better than that with which they greeted you.

14:40 “And unto each We have appointed heirs of that which parents and near kindred leave; and as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant, give them their due. Lo! Allah is ever Witness over all things.” (4:33)

14:45 Regarding whatever you do, O people, of obedience or disobedience,

14:49 He is ever watchful over you, so that He may recompense you fully for it.

14:56 ﴾Allah—there is no deity except Him.﴿

15:00 ﴾He will surely assemble you on the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt.﴿

15:08 “Allah! There is no Allah save Him. He gathereth you all unto a Day of Resurrection whereof there is no doubt. Who is more true in statement than Allah?” (4:87)

15:14 The only Deity worthy of worship, to Whom alone devotion is due,

15:18 will surely resurrect you after your death

15:21 and gather you all together at the station of reckoning,

15:25 wherein He will recompense people for their deeds; there is no doubt whatsoever in that reality.

15:31 And who is more truthful than Allah in discourse?

15:35 That is because a liar only lies

15:38 in order to procure some benefit through his lie or to ward off harm,

15:42 whereas Allah is the Creator of all benefit and harm.

Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (4-6) | Surah An-Nisa | Verses from (74) to (87)

Transcript