Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 307 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (2-19) | Surah Al-Baqarah | Verses from (272) to (282)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
0:00
In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari,
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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Baqarah.
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
0:23
“The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272)
0:32
“The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272)
0:40
“The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272)
0:47
“The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272)
0:57
You are not responsible, O Muhammad, for guiding the polytheists to Islam,
1:01
such that you should withhold voluntary charity from them,
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nor should you give it to them merely to induce them to enter Islam out of their need for it.
1:08
Rather, it is Allah who guides whom He wills among His creation to Islam,
1:13
granting them success to embrace it.
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So do not withhold charity from them.
1:17
And whatever wealth you spend in charity is for your own souls,
1:21
that it may be a stored treasure for you when you need it on the Day of Resurrection.
1:26
Whatever wealth you give in charity, you will receive its recompense in full,
1:30
and its reward will return to you complete and diminished in nothing.
1:34
For you will not be wronged regarding its reward,
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nor cheated of it or shortchanged,
1:39
rather, it is upon Allah to pay you your rewards and recompense in full for it.
1:44
“(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273)
1:59
“(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273)
2:11
“(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273)
2:23
“(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273)
2:32
And whatever wealth you give in charity,
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let it be for the poor whom their struggle against the enemy has confined,
2:40
keeping them from moving about for trade,
2:42
so that they are unable to conduct commerce,
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nor are they able to travel through the land and journey across countries
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seeking livelihood and pursuing earnings.
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One who does not know their true state would think them rich because of their dignified restraint from asking.
2:58
You recognize them, O Muhammad, by their outward signs and marks; they do not plead with people importunately.
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And whatever wealth you spend, O people,
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giving voluntary charity to the non-Muslim subjects under your covenant,
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or giving it to those whom your Lord commanded you to grant it to—
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namely, the poor who are constrained in the path of Allah—
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from that which Allah has made obligatory upon you from your wealth,
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then indeed, Allah is fully aware of it.
3:26
He records it for you and stores its reward with Him,
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until He renders to you your full wages for all of it
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and magnifies your recompense for it on the Day of Resurrection.
3:49
﴾they will have their reward with their Lord,﴿
3:56
﴾they will have their reward with their Lord,﴿
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﴾and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.﴿
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Whoever spends his wealth by night and by day,
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in secret and openly,
4:11
giving it in charity seeking the pleasure of Allah and pursuing His reward,
4:15
shall have the reward of his charity stored for him with his Lord,
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until He pays it to him in full on the Day of his Resurrection.
4:23
And there will be no fear upon him on the Day of Resurrection of His punishment,
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nor amid the terrors of His Day of Judgement,
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nor will he grieve when he arrives before Him,
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as he beholds the immense honor from Allah
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which He has prepared for him,
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over anything he left behind in the worldly life.
4:49
﴾Satan from [his] touch.﴿
4:52
“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
4:59
“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
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“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
5:12
“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
5:18
“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
5:25
﴾they will abide eternally therein.﴿
5:29
Those who consume usury
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will not rise in the Hereafter from their graves
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“Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275)
5:37
striking him down with madness.
5:40
This which We mentioned that will befall them on the Day of Resurrection—
5:44
of their repulsive state and the terror of their rising from their graves—
5:48
is because in the worldly life they used to lie and fabricate,
5:53
saying, "Trade which Allah permitted for His servants is just like usury."
5:58
That was because those who consumed usury among the people of the Pre-Islamic Ignorance,
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whenever the payment of a debt owed to one of them fell due,
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the debtor would say:
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"Grant me an extension of time, and I will increase your money."
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So it would be said to both of them when they did that:
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"This is usury; it is not lawful."
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They replied:
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"It is all the same to us whether we increase the amount at the inception of the sale
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or at the time the debt falls due."
6:24
Yet Allah permitted profits in trade, buying, and selling,
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and He forbade the usurious increase.
6:30
So whoever receives an admonition and warning from his Lord
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and desists from consuming usury,
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refraining from practicing it,
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may retain what he consumed and took in the past before the admonition and prohibition came from his Lord.
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And the affair of the one who used to consume it, after the admonition has reached him, is left to Allah regarding his protection and guidance:
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if He wills, He will protect him from consuming it and keep him steadfast in desisting from it,
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and if He wills, He will forsake him.
6:56
But whoever returns to consuming usury after the prohibition,
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those are the companions of the Fire;
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meaning the Fire of Hell, wherein they will abide eternally.
7:13
Allah obliterates usury, wiping it out,
7:17
and He multiplies the reward of charities for their giver, causing them to grow for him.
7:22
And Allah does not like any persistent, ungrateful disbeliever in his Lord who clings to his denial,
7:27
deeming lawful the consuming and feeding of usury,
7:30
a habitual sinner who persists in sin concerning what He forbade of consuming usury and illicit wealth.
7:44
As for those who believed in Allah and in His Messenger, and in what he brought from their Lord
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regarding the prohibition of usury and its consumption and other matters,
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and performed righteous deeds and established prayer,
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“Lo! those who believe and do good works and establish worship and pay the poor-due, their reward is with their Lord and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” (2:277)
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they will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.
8:11
They did not deem usury or its consumption lawful, among other prohibitions,
8:14
and they performed righteous deeds and established the obligatory prayer within its prescribed limits, performing it according to its Sunnahs,
8:21
and gave the obligatory zakat due upon their wealth;
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they shall have the reward of that for their deeds, their faith, and their charity.
8:30
And no fear will there be upon them on that Day of His punishment for whatever occurred from them previously in their Ignorance,
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nor will they grieve over having abandoned the consumption of usury in the worldly life;
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for their abandoning of what they left behind in this worldly life
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was solely seeking His pleasure in the Hereafter,
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so they attained what they were promised for forsaking it.
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O you who have believed in Allah and in His Messenger,
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fear Allah for your own souls,
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and be conscious of Him by obeying Him,
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and forgo seeking whatever remains due to you of surplus over the principal of your capital that was yours before you engaged in usury,
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if you truly affirm your faith in speech
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and confirm what your tongues have professed through your actions,
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O people of obedience to Allah and His Messenger!
9:42
“And if ye do not, then be warned of war (against you) from Allah and His messenger. And if ye repent, then ye have your principal (without interest). Wrong not, and ye shall not be wronged.” (2:279)
9:49
But if you do not give up what remains of usury,
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then be apprised and certain of a war from Allah.
9:57
But if you repent and abandon the consumption of usury,
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then you shall have your principal sums from the debts owed to you by the people,
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without the increase that you newly introduced.
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You will not be wronged by taking your principal sums,
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nor will the debtor who pays you that deprive you of a right due to you from him,
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because whatever was in excess of your principal sums was never your rightful due.
10:21
“And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances, then (let there be) postponement to (the time of) ease; and that ye remit the debt as almsgiving would be better for you if ye did but know.” (2:280)
10:28
“And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances, then (let there be) postponement to (the time of) ease; and that ye remit the debt as almsgiving would be better for you if ye did but know.” (2:280)
10:33
﴾if you only knew.﴿
10:38
And if any of your debtors is in hardship regarding your principal sums
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that were owed to you before the usurious transaction,
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then grant them respite until a time of ease.
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And that you remit your principal sums as charity to this debtor in hardship
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is better for you than granting him respite until a time of ease,
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if you truly know the virtue inherent in charity
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and the reward Allah has made obligatory for whoever relieves his debtor in hardship.
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And beware, O people, of a Day when you will be returned to Allah,
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lest you meet Him with misdeeds that will ruin you,
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or with disgraceful deeds that will humiliate you,
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tearing away your veils of concealment.
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Then every soul will be compensated in full on that Day
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for whatever evil or good it put forward and earned;
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neither a small matter nor a great one will be omitted therein,
11:44
of good or evil, except that it will be brought forth,
11:47
and they will not be wronged.
11:49
And how could one be wronged who is recompensed for an evil deed with only its like,
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and for a good deed with ten times its like?
11:56
Nay, rather, justice was dealt to you, O wrongdoer,
11:59
and He was gracious to you, conferring excess favor and abundant bounty,
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O doer of good!
12:28
﴾a scribe [to write] in justice.﴿
12:31
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
12:35
﴾as Allah has taught him.﴿
12:38
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
12:42
﴾And let him fear Allah, his Lord,﴿
12:48
﴾and not leave anything out of it.﴿
12:51
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
12:55
﴾of limited understanding or weak﴿
12:57
﴾or unable to dictate himself,﴿
13:05
﴾then let his guardian dictate in justice.﴿
13:09
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
13:13
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
13:16
﴾then a man and two women﴿
13:20
﴾from those whom you accept of witnesses,﴿
13:28
﴾so that if one of them errs,﴿
13:35
﴾the other can remind her.﴿
13:38
﴾And the witnesses should not refuse﴿
13:42
﴾when they are called.﴿
13:44
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
13:47
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
13:51
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
13:55
﴾and more suitable for testimony,﴿
13:59
﴾and more likely that you will not doubt,﴿
14:02
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
14:12
﴾which you conduct among yourselves,﴿
14:16
﴾which you conduct among yourselves,﴿
14:18
﴾there is no blame upon you﴿
14:21
﴾if you do not write it.﴿
14:23
﴾And take witnesses when you conclude a contract.﴿
14:27
“O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282)
14:36
﴾And if you do so,﴿
14:38
﴾indeed, it is grave disobedience in you.﴿
14:43
﴾And fear Allah.﴿
14:46
﴾And Allah teaches you,﴿
14:50
﴾and Allah is Knowing of all things.﴿
14:55
O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger,
14:59
when you conduct a sale on credit or make a purchase deferred to a known, agreed-upon time among yourselves,
15:06
then write down the debt that you have contracted for a specified term, whether arising from a sale or a loan.
15:12
And let a scribe write the debt document with truth and justice,
15:16
in a manner that does not prejudice the rights of the creditor or diminish them;
15:20
so let the scribe write.
15:22
And let the debtor dictate the document detailing what he owes of the debt,
15:26
and let the dictating debtor who owes the right fear Allah, his Lord,
15:31
and beware of His punishment if he shortchanges the creditor of any of his rightful due,
15:36
lest he be held accountable for it where he cannot repay it except from his good deeds,
15:41
or by carrying some of the creditor's sins.
15:44
But if the debtor who owes the money is ignorant of the proper terms he must dictate to the scribe,
15:51
or is feeble or unable to dictate the document,
15:55
then let his guardian dictate the right in full truth and justice.
15:58
And call to witness over your rights two witnesses
16:02
from among your free Muslim men, excluding your slaves,
16:06
and excluding your free non-Muslims.
16:09
And if there are not two men,
16:11
then let there be a man and two women for the testimony,
16:15
from among the upright whose religious commitment and integrity are accepted,
16:18
so that one of the two women may remind the other if she errs.
16:22
And the witnesses should not refuse to answer when they are called to establish and deliver the testimony before an authority or a judge.
16:30
And do not become weary, O you who enter into transactions on credit for a term,
16:35
of writing down the right, whether it is small or great, along with its due date,
16:39
for writing is more precise in recording both the term and the amount.
16:43
That writing down of the debt until its term
16:46
is more just in the sight of Allah,
16:48
more upright for establishing testimony,
16:50
and nearer to preventing you from doubting the testimony.
16:53
Unless it be a transaction conducted with spot cash, hand to hand,
16:58
in which case there is no blame on you for not writing down their rights against their debtors,
17:03
because each one of them—meaning the buyers and the sellers—
17:08
receives what is due to him before they part company,
17:11
so there is no need for them to write it down.
17:14
But take witnesses over both the small and great of your transactions regarding your rights,
17:19
whether immediate or deferred, spot cash or on credit.
17:23
And let neither of them be harmed by the one who requests the writing or calls for the testimony:
17:28
such as insisting that the scribe write for him while he is occupied with his own affairs,
17:34
or insisting that the witness come forward to testify while he is not free.
17:39
And if you cause harm to the scribe or the witness, defying what you were forbidden,
17:43
it is indeed an act of sin and disobedience.
17:46
Fear Allah, O you who enter into debts, regarding the scribes and witnesses, lest you harm them,
17:52
and regarding all other limits set by Allah, lest you neglect them.
17:56
He makes clear to you what is due to you and what is incumbent upon you, so act accordingly.
18:01
And Allah is All-Knowing of all things, including your deeds and everything else;
18:05
He keeps full account of them to recompense you for them.