Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (9-1) | Surat Al-Tawbah

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:03 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

0:07 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

0:12 Surah al-Tawbah.

0:15 “Freedom from obligation (is proclaimed) from Allah and His messenger toward those of the idolaters with whom ye made a treaty.” (9:1)

0:28 This is a declaration of disavowal from Allah and His Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had made a treaty.

0:37 Those who violated their treaty before its term had expired.

0:41 As for those who did not violate their treaty and did not support anyone against you,

0:46 Allah commanded that the treaty between Him and them be fulfilled until its term.

0:51 So travel freely throughout the land for four months, and know that you cannot escape Allah.

1:07 “Travel freely in the land four months, and know that ye cannot escape Allah and that Allah will confound the disbelievers (in His Guidance).” (9:2)

1:12 So travel throughout the land, safe from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his followers for four months.

1:21 And know, O polytheists, that if you travel through the land and choose that while persisting in your disbelief in Allah,

1:27 You will not be able to escape Him, for wherever you go, you are within His grasp and authority.

1:35 And know that Allah will humiliate the disbelievers and bequeath them shame in this world and the Fire in the Hereafter.

1:44 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

1:52 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

2:03 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

2:16 And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.

2:22 “And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

2:28 This refers to the Day of Sacrifice.

2:30 That Allah and His Messenger are free from any treaty with the polytheists after this pilgrimage.

2:36 If you repent from your disbelief, O polytheists, and return to the oneness of Allah,

2:42 That is better for you than persisting in polytheism.

2:46 But if you turn away from faith in Allah and refuse to do anything but persist in your polytheism,

2:52 Then be certain that you cannot escape Allah.

2:57 And inform, O Muhammad, those who denied your prophethood of a painful punishment that will befall them.

3:05 “Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

3:20 “Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

3:34 Indeed, Allah loves the righteous.

3:40 Except for those polytheists with whom you made a treaty, O believers,

3:46 And who did not fail you in anything regarding your treaty,

3:50 Nor did they support anyone against you from among your enemies,

3:53 By aiding them with their own selves and bodies.

3:56 So fulfill your treaty with them to the term you agreed upon.

4:00 And do not wage war against them until the expiration of their treaty term.

4:05 Indeed, Allah loves those who fear Him through obedience to Him,

4:09 By performing His obligatory duties and avoiding His prohibitions.

4:13 “Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5)

4:26 And seize them, besiege them, and lie in wait for them in every place of ambush.

4:32 “Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5)

4:40 Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

4:45 Then, when the remaining three sacred months have passed,

4:50 Which are Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and al-Muharram,

4:54 Regarding those who have no treaty, or those who had a treaty but violated it,

5:00 Or whose treaty was for an unspecified term,

5:04 Then kill the polytheists wherever you find them on earth,

5:08 Whether in the sacred territory or outside it, and during the sacred months or otherwise.

5:13 Take them captive, and prevent them from moving freely in the lands of Islam or entering Makkah.

5:19 And lie in wait for them at every path and observation point to kill or capture them.

5:25 But if they turn away from polytheism toward the oneness of Allah,

5:29 And perform what Allah has obligated upon them of prayer,

5:32 And give the zakat from their wealth to those entitled to it,

5:36 Then let them move freely in your lands and enter the Sacred House.

5:42 Indeed, Allah is Forgiving to those of His servants who repent,

5:45 And Merciful to them, in that He will not punish them for their past sins before their repentance.

5:51 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6)

5:56 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6)

6:05 Then escort him to his place of safety.

6:09 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6)

6:17 And if anyone among the polytheists seeks your protection, O Muhammad,

6:21 In order to hear the word of Allah from you,

6:23 Then grant him protection until he hears the word of Allah and you recite it to him.

6:28 Then return him after he has heard the word of Allah, if he refuses to embrace Islam,

6:33 To a place where he is safe,

6:35 Until he reaches his home.

6:37 You do this for them,

6:39 Because they are an ignorant people who do not understand the proof from Allah,

6:44 Nor do they know what they would gain by believing in Allah,

6:49 Nor the burden and sin they bear by abandoning faith in Allah.

6:54 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7)

7:03 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7)

7:13 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7)

7:18 Indeed, Allah loves the righteous.

7:23 How can there be, O believers, a treaty and protection from Allah and His Messenger for the polytheists,

7:32 To be fulfilled for them, while they are left to move freely in the lands?

7:38 Except for those who were granted a treaty near the Sacred Mosque,

7:42 From among those who remained true to their treaty,

7:44 And did not participate in violating what was between the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

7:50 And the Quraysh on the day of Hudaybiyyah.

7:53 “How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.” (9:7)

7:57 Indeed, Allah loves those who fear Him and are mindful of Him in performing His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions,

8:04 And who refrain from treachery regarding the treaties they have made.

8:09 “How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard not pact nor honour in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths the while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrongdoers.” (9:8)

8:18 “How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard not pact nor honour in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths the while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrongdoers.” (9:8)

8:32 How can these polytheists who violated their treaty have a treaty and protection,

8:38 When, if they were to prevail over you, they would not respect any kinship or treaty regarding you?

8:43 They give you with their tongues words contrary to the enmity they conceal within themselves.

8:50 Their hearts refuse to submit, and most of them are violators of your treaty,

8:57 Disbelieving in their Lord and departing from His obedience.

9:01 “They have purchased with the revelations of Allah a little gain, so they debar (men) from His way. Lo! evil is that which they are wont to do.” (9:9)

9:19 These polytheists have exchanged, by abandoning the following of the proofs Allah has established against them,

9:27 A small compensation—a little of the fleeting world—and have prevented people from entering Islam,

9:35 And have attempted to turn the Muslims away from their religion. Evil is the work they have been doing,

9:42 In trading disbelief for faith and misguidance for guidance.

9:49 “And they observe toward a believer neither pact nor honour. These are they who are transgressors.” (9:10)

10:04 These polytheists do not fear Allah, nor kinship, nor treaty, nor covenant, in killing a believer if they are able to do so.

10:14 And those are the ones who transgress against you with injustice and aggression.

10:20 “But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then are they your brethren in religion. We detail Our revelations for a people who have knowledge.” (9:11)

10:30 “But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then are they your brethren in religion. We detail Our revelations for a people who have knowledge.” (9:11)

10:37 But if these polytheists return to faith in Allah and His Messenger,

10:43 And establish the prescribed prayer with its requirements, and give the obligatory zakat to those entitled to it,

10:50 Then they are your brothers in Islam.

10:53 And We clarify the proofs and evidences of Allah to His creation for a people who know what We have clarified for them,

11:00 Unlike the ignorant who do not understand the clarification and the definitive verses of Allah.

11:06 “And if they break their pledges after their treaty (hath been made with you) and assail your religion, then fight the heads of disbelief - Lo! they have no binding oaths - in order that they may desist.” (9:12)

11:33 If these polytheists violate their treaties after they had pledged to you not to fight you nor support any of your enemies against you,

11:44 And they attack your religion of Islam, then fight the leaders of disbelief in Allah—for the leaders of disbelief have no treaty—so that they may cease attacking your religion and supporting others against you.

11:58 Will you not fight a people who broke their oaths, intended to expel the Messenger, and started the fight against you the first time? Do you fear them? But Allah has more right that you should fear Him, if you are believers.

12:30 Will you not fight, O believers, these polytheists who violated the treaty that was between you and them, and intended to expel the Messenger from among them, and indeed did expel him?

12:43 And they started the fight against you the first time on the day of Badr, and it is said they fought the allies of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, from the Khuza'ah tribe. Do you fear them and thus abandon fighting them? But Allah is more worthy of your fear—that you should fear His punishment for abandoning their jihad—if you acknowledge that fearing Allah is more worthy for you than fearing these polytheists.

13:12 Fight them; Allah will punish them by your hands, disgrace them, grant you victory over them, and heal the hearts of a believing people.

13:31 Fight, O you who believe in Allah and His Messenger, these polytheists; Allah will kill them by your hands, humiliate them through captivity and subjugation, grant you victory over them, and remove the ailment from the hearts of a people who believe in Allah and His Messenger by the killing of these polytheists at your hands.

13:51 And that ailment is the resentment they held in their hearts against them due to the harm and evil they used to inflict upon them.

14:01 “And He will remove the anger of their hearts. Allah relenteth toward whom He will. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (9:15)

14:16 And He will remove the anguish, grief, and distress from the hearts of these believing people regarding these polytheists who broke their oaths.

14:31 And Allah grants favor to whom He wills among His servants, guiding them to repentance through His success for them.

14:39 And Allah is All-Knowing of the secrets of His servants, Wise in the transformation of His servants from a state of disbelief to a state of faith, and from a state of faith to disbelief.

14:52 “Or deemed ye that ye would be left (in peace) when Allah yet knoweth not those of you who strive, choosing for familiar none save Allah and His messenger and the believers? Allah is Informed of what ye do.” (9:16)

15:18 Or do you think, O believers, that Allah will leave you without testing you,

15:24 By which He distinguishes the people of His allegiance—the mujahidin among you in His cause—

15:29 Who do not take, other than Allah, His Messenger, or the believers,

15:35 As confidants from among the polytheists, revealing their secrets to them?

15:40 And Allah is well-acquainted with what you do.

15:43 And Allah will reward you for that.

15:47 “It is not for the idolaters to tend Allah's sanctuaries, bearing witness against themselves of disbelief. As for such, their works are vain and in the Fire they will abide.” (9:17)

16:02 “It is not for the idolaters to tend Allah's sanctuaries, bearing witness against themselves of disbelief. As for such, their works are vain and in the Fire they will abide.” (9:17)

16:18 Those are the ones who bear witness against themselves of disbelief.

16:21 Those are the ones whose deeds have become worthless.

16:24 And in the Fire they will abide forever, neither living nor dead.

16:30 “He only shall tend Allah's sanctuaries who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and observeth proper worship and payeth the poor-due and feareth none save Allah. For such (only) is it possible that they can be of the rightly guided.” (9:18)

16:43 And established prayer, gave zakat, and feared none but Allah.

16:55 “He only shall tend Allah's sanctuaries who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and observeth proper worship and payeth the poor-due and feareth none save Allah. For such (only) is it possible that they can be of the rightly guided.” (9:18)

17:04 The mosques of Allah are only maintained by those who believe in the oneness of Allah,

17:10 Believe in Allah's resurrection of the dead on the Day of Resurrection,

17:14 Establish the prescribed prayer with its requirements, and pay the obligatory zakat,

17:20 And fear no punishment for their disobedience except from Allah.

17:24 It is those who are worthy of being among those whom Allah has guided to the truth and to the attainment of what is correct.

17:32 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (9-1) | Surat Al-Tawbah | Verses from (1) to (18)

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