Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (48-2) | Surah Al-Fath

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:05 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

0:08 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

0:12 Surah al-Fath.

0:16 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:23 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18)

0:26 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18)

0:32 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18)

0:35 He sent down tranquility upon them.

0:43 And rewarded them with a near victory.

0:47 And many spoils which they will take.

0:51 And Allah is Exalted in Might, All-Wise.

0:57 Allah has indeed been pleased, O Muhammad.

0:59 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18)

1:03 This refers to the pledge of allegiance of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

1:07 While the Messenger of Allah was at al-Hudaybiyah.

1:10 Your Lord knew, O Muhammad.

1:12 What was in the hearts of the believers.

1:14 Of sincerity of intention and patience alongside you.

1:16 So He sent down serenity and steadfastness upon them.

1:20 And compensated them in this world.

1:21 With a near victory, instead of the spoils of the people of Makkah.

1:25 This, according to some, refers to.

1:27 The conquest of Khaybar.

1:29 And Allah rewarded those.

1:30 Those who pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

1:36 With many spoils which they will take.

1:38 From the wealth of the Jews of Khaybar.

1:41 And Allah is possessor of might in His retribution.

1:44 Against those of His enemies whom He punishes.

1:47 Wise in His management of His creation, in whatever He wills of His decree.

1:53 “Allah promiseth you much booty that ye will capture, and hath given you this in advance, and hath withheld men's hands from you, that it may be a token for the believers, and that He may guide you on a right path.” (48:20)

1:56 You will take them.

1:58 He hastened this for you.

2:01 And restrained the hands of the people from you.

2:04 And that it may be a sign for the believers.

2:10 And guide you to a straight path.

2:15 Allah has promised you, O people, many spoils that you will take.

2:20 Which is every bounty.

2:22 That Allah has granted the believers from the wealth of the polytheists.

2:26 Such as the spoils of Hawazin and Ghatafan.

2:29 And Persia and Byzantium.

2:31 It has also been said.

2:33 These spoils are the spoils of Khaybar.

2:36 He hastened these spoils of Khaybar for you.

2:40 This is because the Muslims had not yet taken any spoils after al-Hudaybiyah.

2:44 Closer than the conquest of Khaybar and its spoils.

2:48 And Allah restrained the hands of the polytheists from you.

2:52 And that His restraining of their hands from your families.

2:56 Might be a sign and a lesson for those who believe in Him.

2:59 So that they may know that Allah is the One who undertakes their protection.

3:04 “And other (gain), which ye have not been able to achieve, Allah will compass it, Allah is Able to do all things.” (48:21)

3:08 “And other (gain), which ye have not been able to achieve, Allah will compass it, Allah is Able to do all things.” (48:21)

3:11 And Allah is over all things competent.

3:16 And your Lord promised you, O people.

3:20 The conquest of another land which you were not able to conquer.

3:24 Allah has encompassed it for its conquest.

3:26 Allah has encompassed it for you until He grants it to you.

3:31 And Allah is, over everything He wills of matters.

3:34 Possessor of power; nothing is impossible for Him.

3:39 “And if those who disbelieve join battle with you they will take to flight, and afterward they will find no protecting friend nor helper.” (48:22)

3:42 They would have turned their backs.

3:44 “And if those who disbelieve join battle with you they will take to flight, and afterward they will find no protecting friend nor helper.” (48:22)

3:51 And if those who disbelieved had fought you in Makkah.

3:54 They would have been defeated before you.

3:56 These defeated disbelievers would have found no protector.

3:59 To support them in fighting you.

4:01 Nor any helper to aid them against you.

4:04 Because Allah is with you.

4:06 “It is the law of Allah which hath taken course aforetime. Thou wilt not find for the law of Allah aught of power to change.” (48:23)

4:13 And you will never find in the Sunnah of Allah any change.

4:19 “It is the law of Allah which hath taken course aforetime. Thou wilt not find for the law of Allah aught of power to change.” (48:23)

4:24 For if these disbelievers had fought you.

4:27 Allah would have humiliated them until He defeated them before you.

4:31 Just as He did to their likes among the people of disbelief.

4:34 From the nations that passed away before them.

4:37 And you will never find, O Muhammad, in the Sunnah of Allah.

4:40 Which He has established for His creation, any alteration.

4:43 “And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

4:47 “And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

4:52 “And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

4:54 That I might grant you victory over them.

4:57 Because Allah is All-Seeing of what you do.

5:03 Allah restrained the hands of the polytheists.

5:06 Who had gone out against the camp of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

5:11 At al-Hudaybiyah.

5:13 Seeking to catch them off guard to strike them.

5:16 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent for them.

5:21 And they were brought as captives.

5:23 Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) released them.

5:27 He had mercy on them and did not kill them.

5:30 And Allah is All-Seeing of your deeds and their deeds.

5:34 Nothing of them is hidden from Him.

5:38 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

5:41 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

5:44 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

5:48 And were it not for believing men.

5:51 And believing women.

5:53 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

5:59 That you might strike them, causing you harm without knowledge.

6:05 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

6:11 “These it was who disbelieved and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship, and debarred the offering from reaching its goal. And if it had not been for believing men and believing women, whom ye know not - lest ye should tread them under foot and thus incur guilt for them unknowingly; that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He will - If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved with painful punishment.” (48:25)

6:20 These polytheists of Quraysh.

6:22 Are those who denied the oneness of Allah.

6:25 And hindered you, O believers.

6:27 From entering the Sacred Mosque.

6:29 And hindered the sacrificial animals from reaching their place of slaughter.

6:33 And were it not for men of faith.

6:36 And women among them, O you who believe in Allah.

6:39 That you might trample them with your horses and foot soldiers.

6:42 Whom you did not know in Makkah.

6:44 And the polytheists had kept them from you.

6:47 So they were unable to come out to you.

6:50 So you would have killed them, and thus incurred harm from them for which you would be blamed.

6:56 Requiring you to pay the expiation for accidental killing.

7:00 So that Allah may admit into Islam from the people of Makkah whom He wills.

7:04 Before you enter it.

7:06 If those who were among the polytheists of Makkah had been distinct.

7:09 From the believing men and believing women.

7:12 Whom you did not know among them.

7:15 And they had come out from among them.

7:17 We would have killed those who remained therein with the sword.

7:20 Or we would have destroyed them with some of what pains them.

7:23 From Our immediate punishment.

7:25 “When those who disbelieve had set up in their hearts zealotry, the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance, then Allah sent down His peace of reassurance upon His messenger and upon the believers and imposed on them the word of self-restraint, for they were worthy of it and meet for it. And Allah is Aware of all things.” (48:26)

7:31 The pride of the Age of Ignorance.

7:36 Then Allah sent down His tranquility.

7:39 Upon His Messenger and upon the believers.

7:43 Then Allah sent down His tranquility.

7:46 Upon His Messenger and upon the believers.

7:49 And bound them to the word of righteousness.

7:55 “When those who disbelieve had set up in their hearts zealotry, the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance, then Allah sent down His peace of reassurance upon His messenger and upon the believers and imposed on them the word of self-restraint, for they were worthy of it and meet for it. And Allah is Aware of all things.” (48:26)

7:59 And Allah is of all things Knowing.

8:04 “When those who disbelieve had set up in their hearts zealotry, the zealotry of the Age of Ignorance, then Allah sent down His peace of reassurance upon His messenger and upon the believers and imposed on them the word of self-restraint, for they were worthy of it and meet for it. And Allah is Aware of all things.” (48:26)

8:08 The pride of the Age of Ignorance.

8:10 When Suhayl ibn Amr felt pride in his heart.

8:14 And refused to write in the treaty document.

8:17 Which was written in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

8:22 And the polytheists: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."

8:26 And that it be written in it: "Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah."

8:30 And he and his people refused.

8:32 To allow the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to enter.

8:35 That year.

8:37 So Allah sent down patience and serenity.

8:39 Upon His Messenger and upon the believers.

8:43 And bound them to the saying: "There is no god but Allah."

8:46 By which they protect themselves from the Fire.

8:49 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

8:52 And the believers were more entitled to the word of righteousness.

8:55 Than the polytheists and their people.

8:57 And Allah has ever been of all things Knowing.

9:01 Nothing that is to come is hidden from Him.

9:13 The Sacred Mosque, if Allah wills, in safety.

9:19 “Allah hath fulfilled the vision for His messenger in very truth. Ye shall indeed enter the Inviolable Place of Worship, if Allah will, secure, (having your hair) shaven and cut, not fearing. But He knoweth that which ye know not, and hath given you a near victory beforehand.” (48:27)

9:24 You do not fear.

9:27 “Allah hath fulfilled the vision for His messenger in very truth. Ye shall indeed enter the Inviolable Place of Worship, if Allah will, secure, (having your hair) shaven and cut, not fearing. But He knoweth that which ye know not, and hath given you a near victory beforehand.” (48:27)

9:29 “Allah hath fulfilled the vision for His messenger in very truth. Ye shall indeed enter the Inviolable Place of Worship, if Allah will, secure, (having your hair) shaven and cut, not fearing. But He knoweth that which ye know not, and hath given you a near victory beforehand.” (48:27)

9:35 Allah has indeed fulfilled the vision for His Messenger Muhammad.

9:39 That he and his Companions would enter.

9:41 The Sacred House of Allah in safety.

9:44 With some having their heads shaved and others having their hair shortened.

9:48 Not fearing the people of polytheism.

9:50 So Allah knew what you did not know.

9:53 And that is His knowledge of what was in Makkah.

9:55 Of believing men and women.

9:58 Whom the believers did not know.

10:01 And if you had entered it that year.

10:04 You would have trampled them with horses and foot soldiers.

10:06 So Allah granted His Messenger (peace be upon him).

10:10 And those who were with him from the people of the Pledge of Ridwan.

10:14 A near victory.

10:15 Other than their entering the Sacred Mosque.

10:18 And other than the fulfillment of the vision of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

10:23 The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah and the conquest of Khaybar were before that.

10:28 It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth.

10:34 To manifest it over all religion.

10:38 And sufficient is Allah as a Witness.

10:42 It is He who sent His Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him).

10:47 With the clear evidence.

10:49 To invalidate all false religions through it.

10:52 At that time, Islam will manifest over all religions.

10:56 Your Lord makes you a witness, O Muhammad, over Himself.

11:01 That He will manifest the religion with which He sent you.

11:04 And sufficient is He as a Witness.

11:06 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

11:12 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

11:20 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

11:29 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

11:35 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

11:39 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

11:46 It grew thick and stood upon its stalk.

11:51 Delighting the sowers, that He may enrage the disbelievers by them.

11:57 Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds.

12:02 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

12:08 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

12:11 And those with him from his Companions who are with him upon his religion.

12:15 Stern against the disbelievers.

12:18 Merciful among themselves.

12:21 You see them bowing sometimes to Allah in their prayer, and prostrating sometimes.

12:27 Seeking by their bowing and prostration.

12:30 And their sternness toward the disbelievers and mercy toward one another.

12:35 By favoring them and admitting them into His Paradise.

12:38 And that their Lord is pleased with them.

12:41 “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. And those with him are hard against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves. Thou (O Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship), seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. The mark of them is on their foreheads from the traces of prostration. Such is their likeness in the Torah and their likeness in the Gospel - like as sown corn that sendeth forth its shoot and strengtheneth it and riseth firm upon its stalk, delighting the sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with (the sight of) them. Allah hath promised, unto such of them as believe and do good works, forgiveness and immense reward.” (48:29)

12:46 This description which I have described to you.

12:49 Of the description of the followers of Muhammad (peace be upon him) who are with him.

12:54 Their description in the Torah.

12:56 And their description in the Gospel of Jesus.

12:59 Is the description of a plant that produced its offshoots and strengthened them.

13:03 So the plant grew thick.

13:05 And the plant stood upon its stalk.

13:08 This plant delights those who planted it.

13:11 Likewise is the likeness of Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Companions.

13:16 And the gathering of their numbers until they increased and grew.

13:19 And their affair grew thick like this plant.

13:22 To enrage the disbelievers by them.

13:24 Allah has promised those who were truthful to Allah and His Messenger.

13:28 And acted upon what Allah commanded them, forgiveness for their past sins.

13:33 And a great reward, and that is Paradise.

13:37 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (48-2) | Surah Al-Fath | Verses from (18) to (29)

Transcript