Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 297 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (26-4) | Surat Al-Shu'ara | Verses from (181) to (227)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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The Compendium of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Shu'ara'.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“Give full measure, and be not of those who give less (than the due).” (26:181)
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◁And weigh with an even balance,▷
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◁and do not deprive people of their due,▷
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◁and do not spread corruption on the earth.▷
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“And keep your duty unto Him Who created you and the generations of the men of old.” (26:184)
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Give people their full and just measure;
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and do not be among those who diminish others' rightful dues.
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And weigh with a straight and just balance that does not defraud anyone for whom you weigh,
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and do not cheat people of their dues in measure or weight,
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nor spread corruption rampantly across the land.
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And fear, O people, the punishment of your Lord Who created you and created the earlier generations.
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◁They said, "You are only one of the bewitched;▷
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“Thou art but a mortal like us, and lo! we deem thee of the liars.” (26:186)
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“Then make fragments of the heaven fall upon us, if thou art of the truthful.” (26:187)
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They said: You are merely a person deceived, O Shu'ayb,
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nourished and sustained by food and drink just as we are nourished by them,
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and you are not an angel.
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You are nothing more than a human being like us, eating and drinking,
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and we do not consider you, in what you inform us of and call us to,
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anything but one of those who lie in what they say.
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So if you are truthful in what you claim—that you are Allah's messenger, as you allege—
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then cause fragments of the sky to fall down upon us.
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“He said: My Lord is Best Aware of what ye do.” (26:188)
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“But they denied him, so there came on them the retribution of the day of gloom. Lo! it was the retribution of an awful day.” (26:189)
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“But they denied him, so there came on them the retribution of the day of gloom. Lo! it was the retribution of an awful day.” (26:189)
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Shu'ayb said to his people:
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“He said: My Lord is Best Aware of what ye do.” (26:188)
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He fully encompasses all your deeds,
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and He will requite you for them.
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Yet his people denied him,
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“But they denied him, so there came on them the retribution of the day of gloom. Lo! it was the retribution of an awful day.” (26:189)
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which was a cloud that shaded them;
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and when they all gathered beneath it,
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it burst into flames over them and consumed them.
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Indeed, the punishment of the Day of the Shadow was the torment of an awful day.
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Consequently, most of them were not believers.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Almighty, the Merciful.
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Indeed, in Our punishment of the people of Shu'ayb
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there is surely a sign for your people, O Muhammad.
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And most of them were not believers, according to Our prior knowledge concerning them.
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And indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is the Almighty in His vengeance
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upon those of His enemies whom He punishes,
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and the Merciful toward those of His creation who repent.
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“And lo! it is a revelation of the Lord of the Worlds,” (26:192)
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“Which the True Spirit hath brought down” (26:193)
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“Upon thy heart, that thou mayst be (one) of the warners,” (26:194)
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◁in a clear Arabic tongue.▷
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“And lo! it is in the Scriptures of the men of old.” (26:196)
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And indeed, this Qur'an is a revelation from the Lord of the worlds.
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The Trustworthy Spirit, Gabriel, brought it down,
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and recited it to you, O Muhammad, until your heart took it firmly in,
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so that you might be among Allah's messengers who warn those of their people to whom they were sent,
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and so that you might warn your people in an Arabic tongue
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that makes it clear to anyone who hears it that it is indeed Arabic.
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And indeed, this Qur'an was mentioned in the scriptures of earlier peoples.
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“Is it not a token for them that the doctors of the Children of Israel know it?” (26:197)
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Was it not sufficient proof for these people who turn away from what comes to you, O Muhammad, of your Lord's remembrance,
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indicating that you are truly the messenger of the Lord of the worlds,
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that the scholars of the Children of Israel already know its truth and authenticity?
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“And if We had revealed it unto one of any other nation than the Arabs,” (26:198)
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“And he had read it unto them, they would not have believed in it.” (26:199)
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And even if We had revealed this Qur'an to one of the non-Arabs who could not speak,
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and he had recited this Qur'an to the disbelievers among your people, O Muhammad,
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they still would not have believed in it,
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because of the misery previously decreed for them in divine foreknowledge.
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This was solace from Allah to His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) concerning his people,
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so that his grief would not intensify over their turning away from him
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and their refusal to listen to this Qur'an.
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“Thus do We make it traverse the hearts of the guilty.” (26:200)
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“They will not believe in it till they behold the painful doom,” (26:201)
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“So that it will come upon them suddenly, when they perceive not.” (26:202)
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“Then they will say: Are we to be reprieved?” (26:203)
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Thus did We instill denial and disbelief into the hearts of the criminals;
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We did that to them so they would not believe in this Qur'an
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until they see the painful punishment in this present life,
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just as those nations whose stories Allah related in this Surah saw it.
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Thus, the painful punishment will overtake these deniers of the Qur'an suddenly,
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while they are entirely unaware of its coming beforehand,
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until it catches them unawares.
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Then they will say, "Will our punishment be deferred,
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and our lifespans extended so that we may repent?"
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◁Do they really seek to hasten Our punishment?▷
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“Hast thou then seen, if We content them for (long) years,” (26:205)
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“And then cometh that which they were promised,” (26:206)
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“(How) that wherewith they were contented naught availeth them?” (26:207)
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Do these polytheists really seek to hasten Our punishment,
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by saying: "We will not believe you until you make the sky fall down upon us in pieces, as you have claimed"?
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“Hast thou then seen, if We content them for (long) years,” (26:205)
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Then, when the punishment they were promised arrives on account of their disbelief in Our signs and their rejection of Our Messenger,
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of what avail to them will be the delay We granted in their lifespans,
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and the worldly pleasures with which We let them enjoy this life,
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seeing that they did not repent of their polytheism?
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Did Our letting them enjoy life benefit them in the least?
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Rather, it only harmed them by increasing their burden of sins.
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“And We destroyed no township but it had its warners” (26:208)
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“For reminder, for We never were oppressors.” (26:209)
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And We never destroyed any town among those described in these Surahs
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except after sending messengers to warn them of Our wrath,
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as a reminder to them and an admonition pointing toward that which contained their salvation from Our punishment.
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And We were never unjust in destroying them.
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“The devils did not bring it down.” (26:210)
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“It is not meet for them, nor is it in their power,” (26:211)
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“Lo! verily they are banished from the hearing.” (26:212)
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The devils did not bring this Qur'an down to Muhammad,
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nor is it fitting for the devils to descend with it upon him,
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nor are they ever capable of bringing it down.
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Indeed, the devils are strictly barred from overhearing the Qur'an in the realm of heaven where it is kept;
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how then could they ever be capable of bringing it down?
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“Therefor invoke not with Allah another god, lest thou be one of the doomed.” (26:213)
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So do not invoke, O Muhammad, any deity alongside Allah,
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lest there befall you of punishment what befell those who disobeyed Our command and worshipped others beside Us.
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◁And warn your nearest kinsfolk,▷
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“And lower thy wing (in kindness) unto those believers who follow thee.” (26:215)
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“And if they (thy kinsfolk) disobey thee, say: Lo! I am innocent of what they do.” (26:216)
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And warn your kinsfolk from among your people who are closest to you in relation,
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and caution them against Our punishment;
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and lower your wing in gentleness and kind speech to those believers who follow you.
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But if your closest kinsfolk disobey you, O Muhammad,
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then say to them: "I am innocent of the idolatry you practice."
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“And put thy trust in the Mighty, the Merciful.” (26:217)
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“Who seeth thee when thou standest up (to pray)” (26:218)
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◁and your movement among those who prostrate.▷
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◁Indeed, He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.▷
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And rely upon the Almighty in His retribution against His enemies,
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the Merciful to those who turn to Him in repentance and abandon their sins,
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Who sees you when you stand in prayer,
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and sees your movement among those who follow your lead in prayer, through standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
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Indeed, your Lord is the All-Hearing of your recitation, O Muhammad, and your remembrance during your prayer,
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the All-Knowing of what you do in it, and of what those moving along with you do.
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So recite the Qur'an with measured care in it and observe its proper bounds,
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for you are ever under your Lord's watchful sight and hearing.
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“Shall I inform you upon whom the devils descend?” (26:221)
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“They descend on every sinful, false one.” (26:222)
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“They listen eagerly, but most of them are liars.” (26:223)
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Shall I inform you, O people, upon whom the devils descend?
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They descend upon every lying, slanderous, and sinful person.
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The devils pass on what they hear,
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which is what they eavesdropped upon when it was spoken in the heavens,
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delivering it to every lying sinner among their human allies.
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And most of those upon whom the devils descend
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are liars in what they utter and report.
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◁And as for the poets, it is the deviants who follow them.▷
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◁Do you not see that they wander aimlessly in every valley,▷
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“And how they say that which they do not?” (26:226)
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◁except those who believe and do righteous deeds,▷
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◁and remember Allah often,▷
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◁and remember Allah often,▷
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“Save those who believe and do good works, and remember Allah much, and vindicate themselves after they have been wronged. Those who do wrong will come to know by what a (great) reverse they will be overturned!” (26:227)
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◁and the wrongdoers will soon come to know what kind of return they will have.▷
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Indeed, the poets of the polytheists are followed by the misguided among mankind,
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the rebellious devils, and the disobedient jinn.
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Do you not see, O Muhammad, that the poets venture into every avenue of speech,
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like someone wandering aimlessly with no set purpose,
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swerving away from the truth and the path of right guidance?
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For they praise a people falsely and satirize others with lies and slander,
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except those who believe and do righteous deeds,
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and remember Allah abundantly in their speech,
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and defend themselves against the polytheist poets who satirized them unjustly,
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responding to the insults that were directed at them.
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And those who wronged themselves through their polytheism against Allah among the people of Mecca will soon come to know
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what final destination they will return to,
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and what ultimate abode they will reach after their deaths,
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for they will end up in a Fire whose blaze is never extinguished and whose flames never subside.