Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 235 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (91) | Surat Al-Shams
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. Aqil Ibn Salim al-Shammar.
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Surah al-Shams (The Sun).
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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By the sun and its brightness.
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And by the moon as it follows it.
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And by the day as it reveals it.
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And by the night as it covers it.
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And by the sky and He who built it.
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And by the earth and He who spread it.
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And by the soul and He who proportioned it.
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And inspired it with its wickedness and its righteousness.
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Allah, may His praise be exalted, swears by the sun and its daylight.
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This is because the light of the visible sun is what constitutes the day.
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And by the moon as it follows the sun.
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And by the day as it reveals the sun through its illumination.
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And by the night as it covers the sun.
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Until it sets and the horizons grow dark.
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And by the sky and He who built it.
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It is also permissible to interpret this as referring to the sky and its construction.
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And by the earth and He who spread it out to the right, to the left, and on every side.
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And by the soul and He who proportioned it.
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Meaning, Himself.
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For He is the One who proportioned the souls and created them, perfecting their form.
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It is also possible that the meaning is:
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By the soul and its proportioning.
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And inspired it with its wickedness and its righteousness.
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He says:
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He made clear to it what it should perform or avoid, whether good or evil.
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And what constitutes obedience or disobedience.
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“He is indeed successful who causeth it to grow,” (91:9)
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“And he is indeed a failure who stunteth it.” (91:10)
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He has succeeded who has purified his soul.
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By increasing its goodness through cleansing it of disbelief and sins.
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And by rectifying it through righteous deeds.
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And he has failed in his pursuit.
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He did not attain what he sought and desired for his soul in terms of righteousness.
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He who has corrupted his soul, debased it, and lowered it.
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By abandoning it and withholding guidance from it.
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Until it committed sins and abandoned the obedience of Allah.
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Thamud denied [the truth] through their transgression.
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When the most wretched of them was sent forth.
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“And the messenger of Allah said: It is the she-camel of Allah, so let her drink!” (91:13)
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But they denied him and hamstrung her.
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“But they denied him, and they hamstrung her, so Allah doomed them for their sin and rased (their dwellings).” (91:14)
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And he does not fear the consequences thereof.
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The people of Thamud denied the punishment that Salih, peace be upon him, had promised them.
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That punishment was overwhelming, as it surged over them.
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When the most wretched of Thamud rose up.
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And he is Qudar Ibn Salif.
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Salih, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to them:
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Beware of the she-camel of Allah and her drink.
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He warned them specifically regarding the she-camel's share of water.
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Because he had previously conveyed to them, by the command of Allah:
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That the she-camel had a turn to drink on one day.
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And they had their turn to drink on a day other than the she-camel's day.
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Yet they denied Salih regarding the news he brought them.
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So their Lord destroyed them.
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This was due to their disbelief in Him and their denial of His messenger, Salih.
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And their hamstringing of His she-camel.
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He leveled the destruction upon them all.
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Not a single one of them escaped.
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And He does not fear the consequences of His destruction upon them.