Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 299 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (7-10) | Surah Al-A'raf | Verses from (189) to (206)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-A'raf.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189)
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And He created from it his mate.
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And He created from it his mate.
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That he might find comfort in her.
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“He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189)
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So she passed by him.
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And when she became heavy, they both called upon Allah, their Lord:
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"If You grant us a righteous child,"
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"If You grant us a righteous child,"
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"We will surely be among the grateful."
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“He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189)
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He is Adam.
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And He created from it his mate, Hawwa' (Eve).
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That he might find intimacy with her to fulfill his needs and desire.
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So when he covered her, and he fulfilled his need with her.
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She conceived a light burden.
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The fluid that Hawwa' carried in her womb from Adam was light.
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Such is the nature of a woman's pregnancy with a man's fluid; it is light upon her.
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And she continued with the fluid.
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She stood and sat with it.
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And she completed the pregnancy.
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But when that which was in her womb became heavy.
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And her labor drew near.
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Adam and Hawwa' called upon their Lord and said:
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"O our Lord,"
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And they swore:
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"If You give us a righteous child,"
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In terms of physical stature and religion,
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And intellect and character,
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"We will surely be among the grateful."
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But when He gave them a righteous child.
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“But when He gave unto them aright, they ascribed unto Him partners in respect of that which He had given them. High is He Exalted above all that they associate (with Him).” (7:190)
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Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him.
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When Allah provided them with a righteous son.
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They assigned Him partners in the naming,
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Not in the worship of what He had provided them.
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This is Allah, Blessed and Exalted, declaring His own transcendence,
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And magnifying Himself above what the falsifiers say about Him.
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And they invoke alongside Him other gods and idols.
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'Ikrimah said:
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Adam and Hawwa' did not commit shirk (polytheism).
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It was that no child of theirs would survive.
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So Satan came to them and said:
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"If it pleases you that a child should live for you,"
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"Then name him 'Abd al-Harith (Servant of the Harith/Satan)."
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“Attribute they as partners to Allah those who created naught, but are themselves created,” (7:191)
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While they are created.
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Do they associate in the worship of Allah,
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Worshipping alongside Him that which creates nothing,
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While Allah creates them and brings them into existence?
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For pure worship belongs only to the Creator,
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Not to the created.
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While they are created.
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“And cannot give them help, nor can they help themselves?” (7:192)
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They cannot help themselves.
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Do these polytheists associate,
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In the worship of Allah,
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That which is unable to help them,
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If Allah intends harm for them?
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Nor is it capable, if harm is intended for it,
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Of helping itself or warding off harm from itself.
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Allah, Blessed and Exalted, expresses wonder at His creation,
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At the grave error of those who associate,
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Others with Him in worship.
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And if you call them to guidance,
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They will not follow you.
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It is the same for you whether you call them,
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Or you remain silent.
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Among its characteristics is,
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That you, O people,
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If you call them to the straight path,
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They will not follow you,
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Because they do not comprehend anything.
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So how can he guide you to righteousness,
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Who, if called to righteousness,
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And made to know it, would not understand?
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How then can one worship that which has this characteristic?
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Indeed, those you call upon besides Allah,
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Are servants like yourselves.
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So call upon them,
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And let them answer you,
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If you are truthful.
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Indeed, those you call upon, O polytheists,
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As gods besides Allah,
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Are subjects to your Lord,
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Just as you are subjects to Him.
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So if you are truthful,
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That they can harm or benefit,
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Then let them respond to your supplication,
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When you call upon them.
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“Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195)
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Or do they have hands with which they strike?
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“Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195)
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“Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195)
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Say: "Call upon your partners,"
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"Then plot against me,"
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"And give me no respite."
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Do these idols of yours, O people,
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Have feet with which they walk,
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So they may strive with you and for you in your needs?
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Or do they have hands with which they strike,
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So they may defend you and help you with them,
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Against those who intend evil toward you?
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“Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195)
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So they might inform you of what they witnessed and saw,
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Of that which you are absent from.
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“Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195)
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So they might tell you what they heard that you did not.
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Say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists:
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"Call upon your partners whom you have made,"
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"As partners to Allah in worship,"
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"Then plot against me, you and them,"
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"And do not delay your plotting and scheming."
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He, the Almighty, knows,
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That they will never harm Him,
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And that He has protected him from them.
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"Indeed, my protector is Allah, who,"
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"Sent down the Book,"
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"And He protects the righteous."
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"And those you call upon besides Him,"
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"Cannot help you,"
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"Cannot help you,"
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"Nor can they help themselves."
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Say to them: "My protector and helper is Allah,"
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"Who sent down the Book upon me with the truth,"
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"And He is the one who protects those who are righteous in their deeds through their obedience."
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"And those you call upon, O polytheists,"
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"Besides Allah, from among the gods,"
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"Cannot help you,"
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"Nor are they able to help themselves."
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So which of them is more worthy of worship,
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And more deserving of divinity?
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"And if you call them to guidance,"
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"They do not hear."
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"And you see them looking at you,"
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"While they do not see."
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Say to the polytheists:
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"And if you call, O polytheists,"
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"Your gods to rectitude,"
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"To the right path,"
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"They will not hear your call."
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And you see, O Muhammad, the gods of these polytheists,
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Facing you, yet they do not see you,
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Because they have no sight.
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Take what is easy, enjoin what is right,
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And turn away from the ignorant.
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Adopt what is easy from the character of people,
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And abandon harshness toward them.
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And enjoin what is right,
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Which is everything Allah has commanded of deeds.
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And turn away from the ignorant.
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And if an evil suggestion from Satan comes to you,
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Then seek refuge in Allah.
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Indeed, He is Hearing, Knowing.
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And if a rage from Satan makes you angry,
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Hindering you from turning away from the ignorant,
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And inciting you to retaliate against them,
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Then seek refuge in Allah from his suggestion.
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Indeed, Allah is Hearing of the ignorance of the ignorant toward you,
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And of your seeking refuge in Him from his suggestion,
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And He changes that from the speech of His creation.
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Knowing what will remove from you the suggestion of Satan,
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And other matters of His creation.
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Indeed, those who fear Allah,
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“Lo! those who ward off (evil), when a glamour from the devil troubleth them, they do but remember (Allah's Guidance) and behold them seers!” (7:201)
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Remember.
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“Lo! those who ward off (evil), when a glamour from the devil troubleth them, they do but remember (Allah's Guidance) and behold them seers!” (7:201)
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Indeed, those who fear the punishment of Allah,
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If a touch of evil from Satan befalls them,
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From anger or whispering,
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That which hinders them from the obligatory right of Allah upon them,
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They remember the punishment and reward of Allah,
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And they perceive the truth and act upon it,
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And they abandon the obedience of Satan.
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Then they are those who see the guidance of Allah,
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And they desist from what the tempter of Satan called them to.
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“Their brethren plunge them further into error and cease not.” (7:202)
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Then they do not fall short.
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And the brothers of the devils,
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The devils lead them on and increase them in error,
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Then they do not fall short of what was fallen short of,
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By those who feared their Lord.
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And Satan increases him forever,
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So the human does not fall short of anything in committing immoralities,
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Because of the leading on from Satan.
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“And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203)
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They say: "Why have you not contrived it?"
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“And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203)
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“And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203)
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And a mercy for a people who believe.
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And if you do not bring, O Muhammad,
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To these polytheists a sign from Allah,
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They say: "Have you not chosen and selected it,"
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"From your own self?"
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Say, O Muhammad:
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"That is not for me,"
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"Nor is it permissible for me to do so,"
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"Because Allah has only commanded me,"
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"To follow what is revealed to me from Him."
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This Qur'an is a proof against you,
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And a clarification for you,
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And a clarification that guides the believers,
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To the straight path,
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And a mercy by which Allah has shown mercy to His believing servants,
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Saving them through it from misguidance and destruction,
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For a people who believe and attest to the Qur'an,
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That it is the revelation of Allah and His inspiration.
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And when the Qur'an is recited,
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Then listen to it and pay attention,
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That you may receive mercy.
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And when the Qur'an is recited to you, O believers,
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then lend it your ears,
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so that you may understand its verses,
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and listen to it attentively,
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so that you may grasp its meaning and reflect upon it,
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that your Lord may have mercy upon you,
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by your taking heed of its admonitions,
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“And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205)
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in humble supplication and with reverence,
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“And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205)
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“And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205)
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in the mornings and in the evenings.
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“And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205)
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And remember your Lord within yourself, O you who listen and attend to the Qur'an,
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and take heed of what is contained in the verses of the Qur'an.
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Do so with humility and submissiveness toward Allah,
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and with fear of Allah, lest He punish you for any shortcoming
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that may occur on your part in taking heed and drawing lessons from it.
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And call upon Allah with your tongue in secret,
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not in loud speech, in the early mornings and the evenings,
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and do not be among the heedless
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when the Qur'an is recited, ignoring its warnings and lessons.
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“Lo! those who are with thy Lord are not too proud to do Him service, but they praise Him and prostrate before Him.” (7:206)
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They glorify Him and prostrate before Him.
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Do not be arrogant, O you who listen and attend to the Qur'an,
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regarding the worship of your Lord,
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for those who are with your Lord among His angels
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do not disdain to show Him humility and reverence,
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and they exalt their Lord and pray to Allah.
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So you, too, should pray to Him,
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and exalt Him through worship,
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just as those who are with Him among His angels do.
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This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.