Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (24-4) | Surah Al-Nour

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:05 Summary of the Exegesis (Tafsir) of al-Tabari.

0:08 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

0:14 Surah al-Nur.

0:18 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:23 "And they swear by Allah their most solemn oaths that if you were to order them, they would surely go forth."

0:31 “They swear by Allah solemnly that, if thou order them, they will go forth. Say: Swear not; known obedience (is better). Lo! Allah is Informed of what ye do.” (24:53)

0:36 "Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do."

0:44 These individuals, who turn away from the judgment of Allah and His Messenger when called to it, swear by Allah

0:51 taking their most binding and solemn oaths:

0:54 "If you command us, O Muhammad, to go forth to fight your enemy, we will surely go forth."

0:59 Say to them: "Do not swear;

1:01 for this obedience of yours is well known to be false and dishonest.

1:06 Indeed, Allah is Fully Aware of what you do,

1:09 and nothing of it is hidden from Him,

1:12 and He will requite you for all of it."

1:16 “Say: Obey Allah and obey the messenger. But if ye turn away, then (it is) for him (to do) only that wherewith he hath been charged, and for you (to do) only that wherewith ye have been charged. If ye obey him, ye will go aright. But the messenger hath no other charge than to convey (the message) plainly.” (24:54)

1:20 “Say: Obey Allah and obey the messenger. But if ye turn away, then (it is) for him (to do) only that wherewith he hath been charged, and for you (to do) only that wherewith ye have been charged. If ye obey him, ye will go aright. But the messenger hath no other charge than to convey (the message) plainly.” (24:54)

1:29 "And if you obey him, you will be guided;

1:33 and the Messenger's duty is only to convey the message clearly."

1:39 Say, O Muhammad, to these people who swear by Allah:

1:43 "Obey Allah in what He has commanded you and forbidden you from,

1:47 and obey the Messenger.

1:49 But if you turn away and refuse to reflect,

1:51 the Messenger is only responsible for performing what he was commanded to do—conveying Allah's message to you.

1:57 And it is your duty, O people, to do what he has obliged you with, by following His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

2:05 If you obey the Messenger of Allah in what he commands and forbids you,

2:10 you will be guided and will attain the truth in your affairs.

2:13 It is not incumbent upon anyone sent by Allah with a message to a people

2:18 except to convey His message to them,

2:21 conveying it in a manner that clearly clarifies what Allah intended."

2:26 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

2:31 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

2:40 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

2:49 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

2:55 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

3:00 “Allah hath promised such of you as believe and do good work that He will surely make them to succeed (the present rulers) in the earth even as He caused those who were before them to succeed (others); and that He will surely establish for them their religion which He hath approved for them, and will give them in exchange safety after their fear. They serve Me. They ascribe no thing as partner unto Me. Those who disbelieve henceforth, they are the miscreants.” (24:55)

3:09 Allah has promised those among you who believe in Allah and His Messenger, O people,

3:14 and do righteous deeds,

3:16 obeying Allah and His Messenger in what they commanded and forbade,

3:21 that He will surely make them inherit the land of the polytheists, both Arabs and non-Arabs,

3:25 making them its kings and rulers,

3:29 just as He did for those before them among the Children of Israel,

3:33 when He destroyed the tyrants in the Levant

3:36 and made the Children of Israel its kings and inhabitants.

3:39 He will surely establish for them their religion which He has chosen for them,

3:43 and He will surely grant them in exchange security after their fear.

3:48 "They submit to Me in total obedience,

3:50 humbling themselves before My commands and prohibitions,

3:53 associating no partners in their worship of Me;

3:56 rather, they dedicate their worship sincerely to Me alone.

3:59 But whoever disbelieves after this blessing, those are the defiantly disobedient."

4:05 “Establish worship and pay the poor-due and obey the messenger, that haply ye may find mercy.” (24:56)

4:15 "And establish prayer, O people, maintaining its prescribed limits without neglecting it;

4:20 and pay zakat, which Allah has obligated upon you;

4:24 and obey the Messenger of your Lord in what he commands and forbids you,

4:28 so that your Lord may have mercy upon you and deliver you from His punishment."

4:34 “Think not that the disbelievers can escape in the land. Fire will be their home - a hapless journey's end!” (24:57)

4:39 “Think not that the disbelievers can escape in the land. Fire will be their home - a hapless journey's end!” (24:57)

4:46 Do not think, O Muhammad, that those who disbelieve in Allah can frustrate His purpose on earth if He intends to destroy them.

4:53 Their refuge after their destruction will be the Fire,

4:56 and wretched indeed is that final destination.

5:01 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

5:09 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

5:19 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

5:30 "...three times of privacy for you.

5:33 There is no blame upon you or upon them beyond these times..."

5:39 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

5:44 "Thus does Allah make clear to you the verses,

5:49 and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise."

6:20 None of you may enter during these times except with permission.

6:23 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

6:25 “O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you at three times (before they come into your presence): Before the prayer of dawn, and when ye lay aside your raiment for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. Three times of privacy for you. It is no sin for them or for you at other times, when some of you go round attendant upon others (if they come into your presence without leave). Thus Allah maketh clear the revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:58)

6:31 These are three times of privacy for you,

6:33 because you remove your garments during them and are in private with your families.

6:39 There is no sin upon you, O heads of households, nor upon those whom your right hands possess—male or female servants—

6:46 nor upon children among you who have not yet reached puberty,

6:49 if they enter without permission at times other than these three times of privacy.

6:52 They are those who move about among you frequently.

6:55 By "those who move about among you,"

6:57 it means that they enter and leave their masters' and relatives' presence in their homes morning and evening without asking permission,

7:05 moving about freely among them,

7:07 some of you attending upon others at times other than these three specific periods.

7:12 Just as I have explained to you, O people, the rulings of seeking permission in this verse,

7:17 so too does Allah make clear to you all His signs, proofs, and religious laws.

7:23 Allah is All-Knowing of what benefits His servants, All-Wise in His management of them.

7:31 “And when the children among you come to puberty then let them ask leave even as those before them used to ask it. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (24:59)

7:41 "Thus does Allah make clear to you His verses,

7:45 and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise."

7:51 When your young children and relatives reach puberty,

7:55 they must not enter upon you at any time except with permission—

8:00 neither during the three times of privacy nor at any other time—

8:04 just as adults among a man's children and free relatives must seek permission.

8:09 In this manner, Allah makes clear to you His verses and religious laws,

8:14 just as He clarified to you the ruling regarding these children seeking permission after reaching puberty.

8:19 Allah is All-Knowing of what rectifies His creation and all other matters,

8:24 All-Wise in the governance of His creation.

8:28 "And women past childbearing age who do not expect marriage—

8:35 those who have no hope or desire for marriage—

8:39 there is no blame upon them if they discard their outer garments,

8:46 there is no sin upon them if they remove their outer garments,

8:52 provided they do not display their adornment.

8:56 But to modestly refrain is better for them,

9:01 and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."

9:06 Elderly women who no longer bear children due to old age,

9:11 and who no longer desire husbands,

9:14 bear no sin if they lay aside their outer garments—

9:18 which refers to the outer wrap worn over the headcovering (khimar)

9:21 and the cloak worn over regular clothes.

9:25 There is no harm for them to lay these aside in the presence of male mahrams (unmarriageable kin)

9:30 or non-mahram strangers,

9:32 provided that in removing them they do not intend

9:35 to display their underlying adornment to men.

9:39 However, if they modestly refrain from removing their outer cloaks and wraps

9:43 and continue to wear them, that is better for them than laying them aside.

9:47 Allah is All-Hearing of what you utter with your tongues,

9:51 All-Knowing of what your breasts conceal.

10:03 "There is no blame upon the blind, nor upon the lame, nor upon the sick,

10:07 nor upon yourselves..."

10:09 “No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

10:12 "...or the houses of your fathers,

10:15 or the houses of your mothers,

10:18 or the houses of your brothers,

10:21 or the houses of your sisters,

10:24 or the houses of your paternal uncles,

10:27 or the houses of your fathers,

10:30 or the houses of your paternal uncles,

10:33 or the houses of your paternal uncles,

10:36 or the houses of your paternal aunts,

10:39 or the houses of your maternal uncles,

10:42 or the houses of your maternal aunts,

10:45 or the houses of your maternal aunts,

10:48 “No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

10:51 or your friends.

10:54 “No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

10:58 ...or in scattered groups.

11:01 So when you enter houses,

11:04 greet yourselves...

11:07 greet yourselves...

11:10 “No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

11:13 ...a blessed and good greeting.

11:16 Thus does Allah make clear to you

11:19 the verses, that you may understand."

11:25 There is no restriction on the blind,

11:28 nor on the sick,

11:31 nor upon you, O people, if you eat from your own houses,

11:34 or from the houses of your fathers,

11:37 or from the houses of your mothers,

11:40 or from the houses of your brothers,

11:43 or from the houses of your sisters,

11:46 or from the houses of your paternal uncles,

11:49 or from the houses of your paternal aunts,

11:52 or from the houses of your maternal uncles,

11:55 or from houses whose keys you possess,

11:58 or from the houses of your friends, provided they permit you to do so,

12:02 whether in their absence or in their presence.

12:05 Thus, Allah has removed hardship from the Muslims

12:08 regarding eating together as a group if they wish,

12:11 or separately as individuals if they prefer.

12:14 So when you enter houses,

12:17 extend greetings of peace to one another,

12:20 greeting each other

12:23 with a blessed and good greeting,

12:26 because of the abundant reward it contains.

12:29 In this manner, Allah explains to you the landmarks of your religion,

12:32 clarifying them for you

12:35 so that you may comprehend Allah's commands, prohibitions, and etiquette.

12:38 "The true believers are only those

12:42 who believe in Allah and His Messenger,

12:45 and who, when they are with him

12:48 on a collective matter..."

12:51 “They only are the true believers who believe in Allah and His messenger and, when they are with him on some common errand, go not away until they have asked leave of him. Lo! those who ask leave of thee, those are they who believe in Allah and His messenger. So, if they ask thy leave for some affair of theirs, give leave to whom thou wilt of them, and ask for them forgiveness of Allah. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (24:62)

12:54 "...Indeed, those who ask your permission—

12:57 those are the ones who believe

13:00 in Allah and His Messenger.

13:03 So when they ask your permission for some...

13:06 “They only are the true believers who believe in Allah and His messenger and, when they are with him on some common errand, go not away until they have asked leave of him. Lo! those who ask leave of thee, those are they who believe in Allah and His messenger. So, if they ask thy leave for some affair of theirs, give leave to whom thou wilt of them, and ask for them forgiveness of Allah. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (24:62)

13:09 ...of their affairs, give permission to whom you will among them, and ask forgiveness for them

13:12 from Allah. Indeed, Allah is

13:15 Forgiving and Merciful."

13:18 The true believers, complete in their faith,

13:21 are only those who sincerely believe in Allah and His Messenger;

13:25 and who, when they are with the Messenger of Allah

13:28 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on a matter

13:31 that gathers them all together—such as war in his presence,

13:34 a prayer gathered for,

13:37 or consultation regarding a matter that has arisen—

13:40 do not depart from the gathering they assembled for

13:43 until they seek permission from

13:46 the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

13:49 Indeed, those who do not depart, O Muhammad,

13:52 when they are with you on a collective matter,

13:55 except with your permission—

13:58 those are the ones who truly believe

14:01 in Allah and His Messenger with genuine faith.

14:04 So when they ask your permission, O Muhammad—

14:07 those who do not leave your presence except with your permission—

14:10 for some pressing personal needs that arise for them,

14:13 grant permission to depart to whom you will among them,

14:16 and pray to Allah for them that He bestow His favor upon them

14:19 by pardoning any shortcomings between Him and them.

14:22 Indeed, Allah is Forgiving of the sins of His servants

14:25 who repent, Merciful toward them,

14:28 refraining from punishing them for their sins after their repentance.

14:31 "Do not make the calling of

14:35 the Messenger among you

14:38 like the calling of one of you to another...

14:41 “Make not the calling of the messenger among you as your calling one of another. Allah knoweth those of you who steal away, hiding themselves. And let those who conspire to evade orders beware lest grief or painful punishment befall them.” (24:63)

14:44 ...He knows those of you who slip away

14:47 stealthily under cover.

14:50 So let those beware who oppose...

14:53 “Make not the calling of the messenger among you as your calling one of another. Allah knoweth those of you who steal away, hiding themselves. And let those who conspire to evade orders beware lest grief or painful punishment befall them.” (24:63)

14:56 ...a trial,

14:59 or that there strike them a punishment

15:02 painful."

15:06 Beware of invoking his displeasure against you by doing something wrong,

15:09 lest he pray against you for it and you perish.

15:12 So do not address or summon him

15:15 as you address anyone else among the people,

15:18 for his supplication is answered.

15:21 Indeed, O you who slip away from your Prophet

15:24 without his permission, hiding yourselves stealthily from him,

15:27 even if the action of whoever does this among you remains hidden

15:30 from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

15:33 Allah fully knows it.

15:36 Let anyone among you who does so beware,

15:39 lest a trial from Allah afflict them,

15:42 or a painful punishment strike them in this immediate worldly life,

15:45 so that a seal is placed upon their hearts,

15:48 and they fall into disbelief in Allah.

15:52 Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.

15:55 “Lo! verily unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. He knoweth your condition. And (He knoweth) the Day when they are returned unto Him so that He may inform them of what they did. Allah is Knower of all things.” (24:64)

15:58 He knows what state you are upon,

16:01 and on the Day they are returned to Him,

16:04 He will inform them of all that they did.

16:07 And Allah is of every

16:10 single thing fully Knowing.

16:13 Unquestionably, to Allah belongs

16:17 the dominion of all the heavens and the earth,

16:20 so it is not fitting for a servant to oppose

16:23 his Master's command and disobey Him.

16:26 He surely knows what you are upon regarding your obedience

16:29 to what He has commanded you and forbidden you.

16:32 Those who oppose His command will return to Allah,

16:35 and He will then inform them

16:38 of what they did in the world,

16:41 then recompense them for what they sent ahead therein.

16:44 And Allah possesses knowledge of everything

16:47 that you and others have done,

16:50 and He will pay every worker among you the full reward of his deeds

16:53 on the Day you are returned to Him.

Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (24-4) | Surah Al-Nour | Verses from (53) to (64)

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