Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 175 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (9-5) | Surat Al-Tawbah | Verses from (60) to (74)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Tawbah.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of Allah, and (for) the wayfarer; a duty imposed by Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (9:60)
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And those employed to collect them.
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And those employed to collect them.
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And those whose hearts are to be reconciled.
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And for freeing captives and for those in debt.
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And for freeing captives and for those in debt.
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And for the cause of Allah and for the wayfarer.
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An obligation from Allah.
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And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
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Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and the needy.
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And those appointed to collect them from their rightful owners.
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And those people whose hearts are to be reconciled to Islam.
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From among those whose support is not yet firm.
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To win them over for their own sake and for the sake of their kin.
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Such as Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.
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And 'Uyaynah ibn Badr.
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And their peers among the tribal leaders.
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Zakat is also for those under a contract of manumission.
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And for debtors who incurred debt without committing an act of disobedience to Allah.
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And who then found no means to repay it, neither in cash nor in kind.
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And for spending in the support of the religion of Allah.
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By fighting His enemies.
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Which is the struggle against the disbelievers.
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And the traveler who passes from one land to another.
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A division that Allah has ordained for them.
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He has made it an obligation upon the wealthy to provide for them.
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And Allah is All-Knowing of the interests of His creation.
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All-Wise in the governance of His creation.
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“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
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And they say he is an ear.
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“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
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“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
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“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
2:19
“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
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For them is a painful punishment.
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Among these hypocrites is a group.
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Who harm the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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And say, "He is a listening ear."
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He hears from everyone what they say.
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And accepts it and believes it.
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Say, "He is an ear of good, not an ear of evil."
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He listens to the news and believes in it.
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He believes in Allah alone.
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And he believes the believers against the disbelievers.
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And against the hypocrites.
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And he is a mercy to those among you who believe.
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“And of them are those who vex the Prophet and say: He is only a hearer. Say: A hearer of good for you, who believeth in Allah and is true to the believers, and a mercy for such of you as believe. Those who vex the messenger of Allah, for them there is a painful doom.” (9:61)
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And they say, "He is an ear."
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For them is a punishment from Allah.
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A painful one in the fire of Hell.
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“They swear by Allah to you (Muslims) to please you, but Allah, with His messenger, hath more right that they should please Him if they are believers.” (9:62)
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“They swear by Allah to you (Muslims) to please you, but Allah, with His messenger, hath more right that they should please Him if they are believers.” (9:62)
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Even if they were believers.
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They swear to you, O believers.
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These hypocrites.
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By Allah and with false oaths.
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To please you regarding what reached you about them.
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Concerning their harming the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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That they did not do that.
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And that they are upon your religion and with you.
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Seeking by that your pleasure.
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“They swear by Allah to you (Muslims) to please you, but Allah, with His messenger, hath more right that they should please Him if they are believers.” (9:62)
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Through repentance and turning back from what they said.
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If they were true in their belief in the oneness of Allah.
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Acknowledging His promise and His threat.
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Do they not know that?
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“Know they not that whoso opposeth Allah and His messenger, his verily is fire of hell, to abide therein? That is the extreme abasement.” (9:63)
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Then for him is the fire of Hell.
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Abiding therein forever.
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That is the great disgrace.
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Do these hypocrites not know?
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That whoever opposes Allah and His Messenger.
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Then for him is the fire of Hell in the Hereafter.
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Remaining therein, dwelling without end.
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For his stay in the fire of Hell and his eternity.
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Therein is the ultimate humiliation and great disgrace.
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The hypocrites fear.
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That there might be sent down upon them.
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A surah.
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Informing them.
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Of what is in their hearts.
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Say, "Mock on."
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Indeed, Allah will bring forth.
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What you fear.
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The hypocrites fear that there will be revealed about them.
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A surah that exposes the believers.
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Say to them, "Mock on."
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Indeed, Allah will expose to you, O hypocrites.
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What you were afraid would be revealed.
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So He disgraced them.
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And this surah came to be called "The Disgracer" (al-Fadihah).
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And if you ask them.
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“And if thou ask them (O Muhammad) they will say: We did but talk and jest. Say: Was it at Allah and His revelations and His messenger that ye did scoff?” (9:65)
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And we were playing.
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Say, "Is it Allah and His verses?"
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"And His Messenger that you were mocking?"
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And if you ask, O Muhammad.
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These hypocrites about what.
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They said of falsehood and lies.
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They will surely say to you.
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"We were only speaking in jest."
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"And we were merely engaging in idle talk and mockery."
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Say, O Muhammad.
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"Is it Allah, His book's verses, and His Messenger?"
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Make no excuses.
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You have disbelieved.
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After your belief.
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If We pardon a faction.
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Of you.
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We will punish a faction.
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We will punish a faction.
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Because they.
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Were criminals.
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Say to them.
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Do not offer false excuses.
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You have denied the truth by saying what you said.
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About the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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And the believers in him.
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After your affirmation of him and your acknowledgment of him.
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If a faction of you repents.
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Then Allah will pardon them.
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Allah will punish a faction of you.
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For their refusal to repent and the persistence of their crime.
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And their slandering of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
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The hypocrite men and hypocrite women.
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Are of one another.
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They enjoin what is wrong.
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And forbid what is right.
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And they close their hands.
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They forgot Allah, so He forgot them.
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“The hypocrites, both men and women, proceed one from another. They enjoin the wrong, and they forbid the right, and they withhold their hands (from spending for the cause of Allah). They forget Allah, so He hath forgotten them. Lo! the hypocrites, they are the transgressors.” (9:67)
7:32
The hypocrite men and hypocrite women.
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Who show the believers.
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Faith with their tongues.
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And conceal disbelief, they are one class.
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And their affair is one.
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They enjoin disbelief in Allah and in Muhammad, peace be upon him.
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And in what he brought, and they deny it.
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And they forbid them from believing in Allah and His Messenger.
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And in what has come to them from Allah.
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And they withhold their hands from spending in the cause of Allah.
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They abandoned Allah by not obeying Him.
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And not following His command.
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So Allah abandoned them from His guidance.
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And His mercy and success.
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Indeed, those who deceive the believers.
8:19
By showing faith in Allah.
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While they harbor disbelief within.
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They are those who have departed from faith in Him and His Messenger.
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And the hypocrite women and the disbelievers.
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The fire of Hell, abiding therein.
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It is sufficient for them.
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And Allah has cursed them.
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And for them is an enduring punishment.
8:49
“Allah promiseth the hypocrites, both men and women, and the disbelievers fire of hell for their abode. It will suffice them. Allah curseth them, and theirs is lasting torment.” (9:68)
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And the disbelievers in Allah.
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The fire of Hell, that He will cast them all into it.
8:58
Remaining therein forever.
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It is sufficient for them as a punishment and recompense.
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For their disbelief in Allah.
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And Allah has distanced them and cast them far from His mercy.
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And for both groups together.
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The people of hypocrisy and disbelief, there is an everlasting punishment with Allah.
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Like those before you.
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They were stronger than you.
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In power and more abundant in wealth.
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And children.
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So they enjoyed their portion.
9:35
So you enjoyed.
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Your portion as.
9:41
“Even as those before you who were mightier than you in strength, and more affluent than you in wealth and children. They enjoyed their lot awhile, so ye enjoy your lot awhile even as those before you did enjoy their lot awhile. And ye prate even as they prated. Such are they whose works have perished in the world and the Hereafter. Such are they who are the losers.” (9:69)
9:44
“Even as those before you who were mightier than you in strength, and more affluent than you in wealth and children. They enjoyed their lot awhile, so ye enjoy your lot awhile even as those before you did enjoy their lot awhile. And ye prate even as they prated. Such are they whose works have perished in the world and the Hereafter. Such are they who are the losers.” (9:69)
9:47
Their portion.
9:50
And you engaged in idle talk like that which.
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They engaged in.
9:56
Those are the ones whose deeds have become worthless.
9:59
In this world and the Hereafter.
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And it is they who are.
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The losers.
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Like those before you among the nations.
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Who did as you did, so Allah destroyed them.
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For they were stronger than you.
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In power and might, and more than you.
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In wealth and children.
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And they were content with that.
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From their share in this world.
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As a substitute for their share in the Hereafter.
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And you have followed, O hypocrites.
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Their path in enjoying.
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Your religion and your worldly life.
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Just as the nations who were before you enjoyed.
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Their share of their worldly life and their religion.
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And you engaged in lies and falsehood.
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Those are the ones whose deeds have gone to waste.
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And it is they who are the losers.
10:58
Their transaction was selling the bliss.
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Of the Hereafter for their share of the world.
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The meager and insignificant.
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Has there not reached them the news of those before them?
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The people of Nuh and 'Ad.
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And Thamud.
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And the people of Ibrahim.
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And the people of Madyan.
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And the overturned cities.
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Their messengers came to them.
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With clear proofs.
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So it was not Allah who would wrong them.
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But they were themselves.
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Wronging.
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Has the news of those who came before them not reached these hypocrites?
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The accounts of the nations that preceded them?
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Did I not drown them in the flood?
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And the account of ‘Ad?
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Did I not destroy them with a fierce, raging wind?
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And the account of Thamud?
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Did I not destroy them with the earthquake?
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And the account of the people of Ibrahim?
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Did I not strip them of their blessings?
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And destroy their king, Nimrod?
12:12
And the account of the people of Madyan?
12:15
And the account of those whose land was overturned upon them?
12:18
So that its top became its bottom?
12:21
Allah did not destroy these nations
12:24
except for their criminality and their injustice toward their own souls.
12:27
It was not an injustice from Allah,
12:30
nor did He impose upon them a punishment
12:33
for someone who did not deserve it.
12:36
Rather, the people wronged themselves
12:39
through disobedience to Allah and by denying His messengers,
12:42
so the word of punishment was fulfilled, and they were punished.
12:46
As for the believing men and believing women,
12:49
they are allies of one another.
12:52
They enjoin what is right,
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and they forbid what is wrong.
12:58
They establish prayer,
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they give zakat,
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and they obey Allah and His Messenger.
13:07
These are the ones
13:10
upon whom Allah will have mercy.
13:13
Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might,
13:16
All-Wise.
13:19
Those who believe in Allah and His Messenger,
13:23
and in the verses of His Book,
13:26
are supporters of one another.
13:29
They call people to faith in Allah
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and His Messenger, and they forbid what is wrong.
13:35
They perform the obligatory prayer,
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and they give the obligatory zakat to those entitled to it.
13:41
They comply with the command of Allah and His Messenger,
13:44
and they refrain from what He has forbidden them.
13:47
These are the ones upon whom Allah will have mercy,
13:50
saving them from His punishment.
13:53
Indeed, Allah is Mighty in His retribution
13:56
against those of His creation who persist in disobedience
13:59
and disbelief in Him; He is All-Wise
14:02
in His retribution against them and in all His actions.
14:06
“Allah promiseth to the believers, men and women, Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide - blessed dwellings in Gardens of Eden. And - greater (far)! - acceptance from Allah. That is the supreme triumph.” (9:72)
14:09
Gardens
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beneath which
14:15
rivers flow,
14:18
abiding therein forever,
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and pleasant dwellings
14:24
in Gardens of Eden.
14:27
And approval
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from Allah is greater.
14:33
That is the supreme success.
14:40
Allah has promised those who believe in Allah and His Messenger
14:43
gardens beneath whose trees rivers flow,
14:46
remaining therein forever,
14:49
and pleasant dwellings they shall inhabit
14:52
in Gardens of Eden.
14:55
Because they are gardens of eternity and residence,
14:58
no one shall ever be removed from them.
15:01
The promise of Allah to them is greater than all of that.
15:04
These things promised to the believing men
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and believing women are the supreme success,
15:10
than which there is nothing greater.
15:14
O Prophet,
15:17
strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites,
15:20
and be harsh with them.
15:23
Their refuge is Hell,
15:26
and wretched is the destination.
15:29
O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers
15:33
with the sword and weaponry,
15:36
and the hypocrites with your hand and tongue.
15:39
For he was only commanded to fight those
15:42
among the hypocrites who uttered the word of disbelief
15:45
and persisted in manifesting
15:48
what they had displayed of it.
15:51
As for those among them who, when it is discovered
15:54
that they spoke a word of disbelief,
15:57
their blood and wealth are spared.
16:00
Be stern with them through jihad and combat,
16:03
and intimidation; their dwellings are Hell,
16:06
and wretched is the place to which they are turned—
16:09
Hell.
16:13
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
16:16
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
16:19
And they disbelieved after their Islam,
16:22
and they plotted.
16:26
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
16:29
Allah and His Messenger enriched them
16:32
out of His bounty.
16:35
If they repent, it will be
16:38
better for them, but if they
16:41
turn away, Allah will punish them
16:44
with a painful punishment
16:47
in this world and the Hereafter.
16:50
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
16:54
They swear by Allah, lying,
16:57
regarding a word of disbelief they uttered,
17:01
that they did not say it.
17:04
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
17:07
And they disbelieved after their Islam.
17:10
“They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter, and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.” (9:74)
17:13
The exegetes differed
17:16
as to who it was that plotted this,
17:19
and what the thing was that they plotted.
17:22
It is said it was a man among the hypocrites
17:25
who plotted to kill his stepson, who
17:28
had heard a word of disbelief from him
17:31
and feared he would expose him.
17:34
It is said it was a man from Quraysh
17:37
who plotted to kill the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
17:40
And it is said it was ‘Abdullah Ibn Ubayy
17:43
who plotted by his speech.
17:46
“They say: Surely, if we return to Al-Madinah the mightier will soon drive out the weaker; when might belongeth to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not.” (63:8)
17:49
It was mentioned to us that the hypocrite who spoke
17:52
the word of disbelief was poor,
17:55
and Allah enriched him.
17:58
They found no fault with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
18:01
for anything, except that Allah and His Messenger
18:04
had enriched them out of His bounty after their poverty.
18:07
If those who uttered
18:10
the word of disbelief repent, their return
18:13
and repentance will be better for them than hypocrisy.
18:16
And if they do not repent, He will punish them with a painful punishment in this world,
18:19
either by execution
18:22
or by an immediate disgrace for them therein,
18:25
and He will punish them in the Hereafter with the Fire.
18:28
And these hypocrites will have no
18:31
protector to shield them from the punishment of Allah,
18:34
nor any helper to assist them against Allah
18:37
and save them from His punishment.