Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 268 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (26-3) | Surat Al-Shu'ara | Verses from (111) to (180)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Shu'ara'.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“They said: Shall we put faith in thee, when the lowest (of the people) follow thee?” (26:111)
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The people of Noah said:
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"Shall we believe in you, Noah, and affirm your truthfulness,
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when only the lowest among us, rather than the noble, have followed you?"
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“He said: And what knowledge have I of what they may have been doing (in the past)?” (26:112)
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“Lo! their reckoning is my Lord's concern, if ye but knew;” (26:113)
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"If only you possessed true understanding!
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And I am not one to drive away the believers.
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I am only a clear warner."
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Noah said to his people:
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"And what knowledge do I have of what my followers used to do?
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I am responsible only for their outward conduct, not their inner motives.
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So whoever displays goodness, I assume good of him;
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and whoever displays evil, I assume evil of him.
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Their inner reckoning rests only with my Lord, if only you possessed true understanding.
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For He knows their secret affairs and their public conduct.
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And I am not one to drive away anyone who believes in Allah
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and follows me in confirming the truth of what I have brought from Allah.
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I am nothing but a warner to you from your Lord,
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who has clearly delivered His warning to you."
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“They said: If thou cease not, O Noah, thou wilt surely be among those stoned (to death).” (26:116)
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His people said:
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"If you do not desist, O Noah, from what you say and call to,
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and from reviling our gods,
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you will surely be among those who are reviled."
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“He said: My Lord! Lo! my own folk deny me.” (26:117)
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“Therefor judge Thou between us, a (conclusive) judgment, and save me and those believers who are with me.” (26:118)
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Noah said:
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"My Lord, my people have rejected me regarding the truth I have brought them from You.
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So judge between me and them with a decisive judgment from You that destroys the followers of falsehood,
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and deliver me from this punishment, along with those who are with me from among the believers in You who affirm my truthfulness."
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“And We saved him and those with him in the laden ship.” (26:119)
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“Then afterward We drowned the others.” (26:120)
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So We delivered Noah and those with him of the believers in the fully laden, heavily laden ship.
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Then We drowned thereafter the remainder of his people who had called him a liar.
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Indeed, in that is a sign, yet most of them were not believers.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty, the Merciful.
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Indeed, in what We did, O Muhammad, with Noah and those with him among the believers
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is a sign for you and for your people—both those who affirm your truth and those who reject you—
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demonstrating that Our Sunnah is to deliver Our messengers and their followers,
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and to destroy those who disbelieve in Allah.
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And such is My Sunnah concerning you and your people.
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And most of your people were not among those who would believe in you,
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according to what preceded in Allah's decree that they would never believe.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty in His retribution against those who disbelieve in Him,
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the Merciful toward those among them who repent.
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“When their brother Hud said unto them: Will ye not ward off (evil)?” (26:124)
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"Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.
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So fear Allah and obey me.
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And I ask you no reward for it; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds."
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'Ad rejected Allah's messengers sent to them,
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when their brother Hud said to them, "Will you not fear Allah's punishment for your disbelief in Him?
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Indeed, I am a messenger to you from my Lord, commanding you to obey Him
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and warning you against your disbelief;
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I am trustworthy with His revelation and His message.
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So fear Allah by obeying Him and desisting from what He commands and forbids you from.
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And obey me in what I command you regarding the fear of Allah and warning you of His assault.
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And I do not ask of you any payment or reward.
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My payment and reward for advising you rest only with the Lord of the worlds."
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“Build ye on every high place a monument for vain delight?” (26:128)
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“And seek ye out strongholds, that haply ye may last for ever?” (26:129)
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“And if ye seize by force, seize ye as tyrants?” (26:130)
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Hud said to his people:
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"Do you construct on every high place a building for idle play?
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And take for yourselves palaces as if you will abide forever?"
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It is permissible that the building refers to elevated palaces and strongholds,
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and it is permissible that it refers to water reservoirs.
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"And when you strike, you strike with the tyranny of killing with swords and beating with whips.
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So fear Allah and obey me.
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“Keep your duty toward Him Who hath aided you with (the good things) that ye know,” (26:132)
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He has provided you with livestock and children,
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and gardens and springs.
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Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous day."
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"So fear Allah's punishment, O people,
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by obeying Him in what He has commanded you and forbidden you from.
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And beware of the wrath of Allah, who has given you from His favor that which you know,
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and aided you with livestock and children,
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and gardens and rivers.
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Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous day from Allah."
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“They said: It is all one to us whether thou preachest or art not of those who preach;” (26:136)
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“This is but a fable of the men of old,” (26:137)
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"And we are not going to be punished."
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'Ad said to their prophet Hud (peace be upon him):
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"It is all the same to us whether you admonish us or do not admonish us.
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We will never believe you, nor will we affirm the truth of what you have brought us.
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This that we practice is nothing but the ancient custom of those before us, their character, and their religion.
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And Allah will not punish us for it."
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So they rejected him, and We destroyed them.
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Indeed, in that is a sign,
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yet most of them were not believers.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty, the Merciful.
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Thus 'Ad rejected the messenger of their Lord, Hud.
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So We destroyed 'Ad because of their rejection of Our messenger.
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Indeed, in Our destruction of 'Ad is a lesson and an admonition for your people, O Muhammad.
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And most of those We destroyed were not among those who would believe, according to Allah's prior knowledge.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty in His retribution against His enemies,
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the Merciful toward those who believe in Him.
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Thamud rejected the messengers,
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“When their brother Salih said unto them: Will ye not ward off (evil)?” (26:142)
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"Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.
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So fear Allah and obey me.
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And I ask you no reward for it; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds."
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Thamud rejected Allah's messengers,
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when their brother Salih called them to Allah,
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saying to them:
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"Will you not fear Allah's punishment, O people, for your disobedience to Him?
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Indeed, I am a messenger to you from Allah, sent to you
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to warn you of His punishment if you oppose His command;
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I am trustworthy with His message that He sent with me to you.
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So fear Allah, O people, and beware of His punishment,
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and obey me in my warning to you.
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And I ask you no payment or reward for advising and warning you;
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my payment and reward rest only with the Lord of all that is in the heavens and on the earth
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and whatever lies between them of His creation."
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"Will you be left secure in what is here—
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in gardens and springs?"
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“And tilled fields and heavy-sheathed palm-trees,” (26:148)
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“Though ye hew out dwellings in the mountain, being skilful?” (26:149)
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"Will your Lord leave you secure in this worldly life, O people, fearing nothing—
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in gardens and springs of water,
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and crops and date palms whose spadices are soft, fragile, delicate, and moist,
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breaking either by the touch of hands
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or by falling upon one another?
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And you carve out houses from the mountains with great skill,
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carefully selecting the locations for carving them."
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"So fear Allah and obey me.
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“And obey not the command of the prodigal,” (26:151)
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“Who spread corruption in the earth, and reform not.” (26:152)
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So fear Allah's punishment, O people, for your disobedience to your Lord,
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and obey me in my sincere advice to you;
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and heed my warning to you of Allah's punishment, so that you may be rightly guided.
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And do not obey, O people, the command of those who commit excesses against themselves by persisting in disobedience to Allah—
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who are the nine corrupt men who spread corruption in the land through acts of disobedience
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and do not reform themselves by acting in obedience to Allah."
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They said, "You are only one of those bewitched!
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You are nothing but a human being like us, so bring a sign
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if you are among the truthful."
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Thamud said to their prophet Salih (peace be upon him):
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"You are merely a created being
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who sustains himself with food and drink just like us,
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and you are neither a lord nor an angel that we should obey you.
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You are nothing, O Salih, but a human being like us from the children of Adam,
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eating what we eat and drinking what we drink.
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So bring a proof and clear evidence that you are truthful in what you say,
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if you are among those who speak the truth in claiming that Allah sent him to us."
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“He said: (Behold) this she-camel. She hath the right to drink (at the well), and ye have the right to drink, (each) on an appointed day.” (26:155)
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“And touch her not with ill lest there come on you the retribution of an awful day.” (26:156)
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Salih said: "This is a she-camel, O people;
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she has a share of water, and you have a corresponding share.
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On the day of her drinking, you shall not drink any of her share,
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nor shall she drink on your day any of your share.
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And do not touch her with harm—such as hamstringing or killing—
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lest the punishment of a tremendous day overtake you."
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But they hamstrung her and became regretful.
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“So the retribution came on them. Lo! herein is indeed a portent, yet most of them are not believers.” (26:158)
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Yet most of them were not believers.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty, the Merciful.
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So they hamstrung the she-camel and came to regret its slaying,
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but their regret was of no avail to them.
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And Allah's punishment, which Salih had threatened them with, seized them, and He destroyed them.
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Indeed, in the destruction of Thamud is a lesson for whoever takes heed among your people, O Muhammad.
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And most of them were never going to believe, according to Allah's prior knowledge.
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And indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is the Mighty in His retribution against His enemies,
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the Merciful toward those among His creation who believe in Him.
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The people of Lot rejected the messengers,
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when their brother Lot said to them, "Will you not fear Allah?
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Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.
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So fear Allah and obey me.
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And I ask you no reward for it; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds."
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The people of Lot rejected the messengers whom Allah sent to them,
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when their brother Lot said to them, "Will you not fear Allah, O people?
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Indeed, I am a messenger to you from your Lord, trustworthy with His revelation.
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So fear Allah regarding yourselves, lest His punishment descend upon you for rejecting His messenger,
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and obey me in what I have called you to.
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And I ask you no payment or reward for my sincere advice to you;
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my reward for advising you rests only with the Lord of the worlds."
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“What! Of all creatures do ye come unto the males,” (26:165)
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“And leave the wives your Lord created for you? Nay, but ye are froward folk.” (26:166)
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“And leave the wives your Lord created for you? Nay, but ye are froward folk.” (26:166)
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"Do you approach males among the children of Adam,
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and leave what your Lord has created for you of your wives?
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Rather, you are a people who transgress what your Lord has permitted and made lawful for you of lawful intimacy,
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resorting instead to that which He has forbidden to you."
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“They said: If thou cease not, O Lot, thou wilt soon be of the outcast.” (26:167)
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“He said: I am in truth of those who hate your conduct.” (26:168)
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The people of Lot said:
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"If you do not desist, O Lot, from forbidding us from approaching males,
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you will surely be among those evicted from our midst and from our land."
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Lot said to them:
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"Indeed, concerning the deed you practice—approaching males—
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I am among those who despise and denounce its practice."
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“My Lord! Save me and my household from what they do.” (26:169)
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So We delivered him and his family, all together,
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except an old woman among those who remained behind.
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Then We destroyed the others.
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And We rained upon them a rain of stones,
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and evil was the rain of those who were warned.
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Lot said:
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"My Lord, deliver me and my family from Your punishment."
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So We delivered him and his family, all together, from Our punishment,
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except an old woman among those who remained behind,
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owing to her advanced age, having become decrepit.
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She was destroyed from among the family of Lot
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because she used to direct her people to his guests.
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And it has been said:
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She was described as being among those who remained behind
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because she was not destroyed alongside her people in their village;
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rather, the stone struck her only after she had left their village with Lot and his two daughters,
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so she remained behind after her people's demise.
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Then Allah destroyed her with the rain of stones He sent down upon the remnants of Lot's people.
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Then We destroyed the rest of Lot's people through total destruction,
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and We rained upon them a rain of stones.
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That was Allah sending down upon them stones of baked clay from the sky,
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and wretched was that rain—the rain of a people whose prophet warned them, yet they called him a liar.
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Indeed, in that is a sign,
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yet most of them were not believers.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty, the Merciful.
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Indeed, in Our destruction of the people of Lot is a lesson and an admonition for your people, O Muhammad.
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And most of them were not going to believe, according to Allah's prior knowledge.
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And indeed, your Lord is the Mighty, the Merciful toward those who believe in Him.
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“The dwellers in the wood (of Midian) denied the messengers (of Allah),” (26:176)
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“When Shu'eyb said unto them: Will ye not ward off (evil)?” (26:177)
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"Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger.
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So fear Allah and obey me.
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"And I ask of you no reward for it; my reward is only from the Lord of the worlds."
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The dwellers of the Wood denied the messengers—and they were the people of Madyan.
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The "Wood" refers to dense, tangled trees.
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Shu'ayb said to them, "Will you not fear Allah's punishment for disobeying your Lord?
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Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger from Allah, entrusted with His revelation.
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So fear Allah's punishment for defying His command, and obey me so that you may be rightly guided.
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And I ask of you no recompense or reward for my sincere counsel to you;
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my recompense and reward for that rest solely with the Lord of the worlds."