Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 260 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (2-7) | Surah Al-Baqarah | Verses from (106) to (123)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Baqarah.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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“Nothing of our revelation (even a single verse) do we abrogate or cause be forgotten, but we bring (in place) one better or the like thereof. Knowest thou not that Allah is Able to do all things?” (2:106)
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We will bring something better than it or similar to it.
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“Nothing of our revelation (even a single verse) do we abrogate or cause be forgotten, but we bring (in place) one better or the like thereof. Knowest thou not that Allah is Able to do all things?” (2:106)
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Whatever ruling of a verse We abrogate and replace,
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Or leave behind without replacing,
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We will bring you something better than the ruling of the verse We abrogated,
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Or similar to its ruling in terms of ease, burden, reward, and merit.
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Do you not know, O Muhammad,
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That I am capable of compensating you for whatever I have abrogated of My rulings with whatever I wish,
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From that which is better for you and for the believing servants,
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Whether sooner in this world or later in the Hereafter?
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Do you not know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth?
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And you have, other than Allah, no protector or helper.
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Do you not know, O Muhammad,
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That I possess the dominion of the heavens and the earth and their authority, to the exclusion of all others?
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I judge within them as I wish,
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I command within them as I wish,
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And I forbid within them what I wish.
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I abrogate, replace, or change of My rulings what I wish,
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And I confirm of them what I wish.
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And you, O believers, have no guardian over your affairs after Allah,
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Nor any helper to support and strengthen you,
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So as to aid you against your enemies.
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“Or would ye question your messenger as Moses was questioned aforetime? He who chooseth disbelief instead of faith, verily he hath gone astray from a plain road.” (2:108)
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“Or would ye question your messenger as Moses was questioned aforetime? He who chooseth disbelief instead of faith, verily he hath gone astray from a plain road.” (2:108)
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Do you, O people, wish to ask your Messenger for things,
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Similar to what the people of Musa (peace be upon him) asked of old?
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If you do, you will perish just as those nations before you perished,
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Who asked their prophets for things they had no right to demand.
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When they were granted their requests, they disbelieved,
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And were swiftly punished,
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For their disbelief after Allah had granted them their request.
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Whoever exchanges faith in Allah and His Messenger for disbelief,
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And apostatizes from his religion,
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Has indeed strayed from the clear, established path and its center.
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“Many of the people of the Scripture long to make you disbelievers after your belief, through envy on their own account, after the truth hath become manifest unto them. Forgive and be indulgent (toward them) until Allah give command. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:109)
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“Many of the people of the Scripture long to make you disbelievers after your belief, through envy on their own account, after the truth hath become manifest unto them. Forgive and be indulgent (toward them) until Allah give command. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:109)
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“Many of the people of the Scripture long to make you disbelievers after your belief, through envy on their own account, after the truth hath become manifest unto them. Forgive and be indulgent (toward them) until Allah give command. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:109)
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“Many of the people of the Scripture long to make you disbelievers after your belief, through envy on their own account, after the truth hath become manifest unto them. Forgive and be indulgent (toward them) until Allah give command. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:109)
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“Many of the people of the Scripture long to make you disbelievers after your belief, through envy on their own account, after the truth hath become manifest unto them. Forgive and be indulgent (toward them) until Allah give command. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:109)
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Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.
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Many of the People of the Scripture wish to turn you back to disbelief after you have believed,
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Out of envy from within themselves for the success Allah has granted you,
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And the guidance He has bestowed upon you regarding His religion and faith in His Messenger,
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And because He made His Messenger a man from among you, and did not make him from among them.
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They desired this out of their own personal whims,
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Even though they were not commanded to do so in their scripture.
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After the truth had become clear to them regarding the affair of Muhammad (peace be upon him),
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And what he brought from his Lord,
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Pardon and overlook their wrongdoing,
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And forgive their ignorance in this matter,
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Until Allah brings about His command.
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He will manifest for you of His command what He wills,
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And He will judge regarding them as He desires.
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Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.
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If He wills, He will take vengeance upon them for their stubbornness,
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And if He wills, He will guide them to faith.
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Then Allah, whose praise is exalted, abrogated this pardon and overlooking of them,
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By mandating that the believers fight them,
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Or that they pay the jizya willingly while they are humbled.
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Establish prayer and give zakat.
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And whatever you put forward for yourselves of good,
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You will find it with Allah.
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Indeed, Allah is, of what you do, Seeing.
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So perform the prayer with its limits and obligations,
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And give the zakat with a willing heart,
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According to what has been ordained and made obligatory.
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Whatever righteous deed you perform during the days of your life,
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And send forth before your death as a provision for yourselves in your afterlife,
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You will find its reward with your Lord on the Day of Resurrection, and He will recompense you for it.
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Indeed, Allah is Seeing; nothing of your deeds is hidden from Him.
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He will recompense them for good with good,
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And for evil with its like.
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“And they say: None entereth paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian. These are their own desires. Say: Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful.” (2:111)
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Except for those who were Jews or Christians.
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These are their wishful thoughts.
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Say, "Produce your proof, if you should be truthful."
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The Jews said,
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“And they say: None entereth paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian. These are their own desires. Say: Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful.” (2:111)
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And the Christians said,
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"None will enter Paradise except the Christians."
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This statement of theirs is merely wishful thinking,
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Which they hope for from Allah without right, evidence, or proof,
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But rather through the desires of false souls.
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Say, O Muhammad, to them,
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"Bring your proof for what you claim regarding this,"
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So that we may accept your claim,
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If you are truthful in your assertion,
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That Paradise will not be entered except by those who were Jews or Christians.
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“Nay, but whosoever surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good, his reward is with his Lord; and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” (2:112)
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“Nay, but whosoever surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good, his reward is with his Lord; and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” (2:112)
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And no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.
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It is not as the claimants say.
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“And they say: None entereth paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian. These are their own desires. Say: Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful.” (2:111)
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Rather, whoever submits his whole being to Allah,
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And humbles his body to Him in obedience, doing good in his submission to Allah,
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He is the one who will enter it and enjoy its blessings.
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For him is his reward and recompense for his submission in his afterlife.
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There is no fear for those who turn their faces to Allah in the Hereafter,
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From His punishment or the torment of His Hellfire,
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Nor will they grieve over what they left behind in the world.
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The Jews said, "The Christians are not upon anything."
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And the Christians said, "The Jews are not upon anything."
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And the Christians said, "The Jews are not upon anything,"
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While they recite the Scripture.
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“And the Jews say the Christians follow nothing (true), and the Christians say the Jews follow nothing (true); yet both are readers of the Scripture. Even thus speak those who know not. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ.” (2:113)
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“And the Jews say the Christians follow nothing (true), and the Christians say the Jews follow nothing (true); yet both are readers of the Scripture. Even thus speak those who know not. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ.” (2:113)
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The Jews said that the Christians are not upon the truth in their religion,
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And the Christians said that the Jews are not upon the truth in their religion,
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While they recite the Torah and the Gospel.
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Both scriptures bear witness against the groups of Jews and Christians regarding their disbelief.
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Likewise, the ignorant ones who do not know,
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Said in their ignorance the same as what the Jews and Christians said to one another.
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It is possible that they are the polytheists of the Arabs,
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And it is possible that they are a nation that existed before the Jews and Christians.
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Allah will judge,
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And He will decide between these disputing parties,
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Who say to one another,
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"You are not upon anything of your religion,"
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On the day when the creation rises for their Lord from their graves,
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Where the truthful one will be distinguished from the one who follows falsehood.
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And who is more unjust than one who prevents the mosques of Allah,
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“And who doth greater wrong than he who forbiddeth the approach to the sanctuaries of Allah lest His name should be mentioned therein, and striveth for their ruin. As for such, it was never meant that they should enter them except in fear. Theirs in the world is ignominy and theirs in the Hereafter is an awful doom.” (2:114)
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And strives for their ruin?
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“And who doth greater wrong than he who forbiddeth the approach to the sanctuaries of Allah lest His name should be mentioned therein, and striveth for their ruin. As for such, it was never meant that they should enter them except in fear. Theirs in the world is ignominy and theirs in the Hereafter is an awful doom.” (2:114)
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Except in fear.
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For them in this world is disgrace,
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And for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment.
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And what person is more transgressive and daring against Allah,
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Than one who prevents the mosques of Allah from being used to worship Him therein,
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And who strives for the ruin of the mosques of Allah?
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They are the Christians,
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As they prevented the believers among the Children of Israel,
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From praying in Jerusalem.
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It is forbidden for them to enter the mosques,
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Which they strove to ruin,
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Except in fear and trepidation.
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For them in this world is humiliation, disgrace, killing, and captivity,
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For their preventing the mosques of Allah,
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And for their disobedience and disbelief in their Lord,
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And their striving for corruption upon the earth,
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Is the punishment of Hell.
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And to Allah belongs the east and the west.
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So wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah.
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“Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:115)
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To Allah belongs the east and the west;
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He owns them both, and He owns all creation between them.
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He commands them to worship Him as He wills,
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And He judges among them as He desires.
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So wherever you turn your faces, remember Him,
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For His Face is there.
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His bounty and His earth are vast enough for you.
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Indeed, Allah encompasses all His creation,
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With sufficiency, favor, generosity, and governance.
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He is All-Knowing of their deeds;
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Nothing is hidden from Him, and nothing escapes His knowledge.
10:59
“And they say: Allah hath taken unto Himself a son. Be He glorified! Nay, but whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth is His. All are subservient unto Him.” (2:116)
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Exalted is He.
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To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.
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All are devoutly obedient to Him.
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And who is more unjust than those who say, "Allah has taken a son"?
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Exalted is Allah above having a son.
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Rather, to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, in dominion and creation.
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All are obedient to Him, acknowledging their servitude,
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By the testimony of their very bodies, with all the traces of craftsmanship and evidence they contain,
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Regarding the oneness of Allah,
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And that Allah is their Creator and Originator.
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And that the Messiah is one of them.
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So how could Allah have a son when this is His attribute?
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The Originator of the heavens and the earth.
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“The Originator of the heavens and the earth! When He decreeth a thing, He saith unto it only: Be! and it is.” (2:117)
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The Creator of the heavens and the earth,
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And their Bringer into existence without a prior model or example to follow.
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Just as He created the Messiah without a father by His power and authority.
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And when He decrees a matter and ordains it,
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He only says to that matter,
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"Be," and it becomes that matter just as He willed.
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“And those who have no knowledge say: Why doth not Allah speak unto us, or some sign come unto us? Even thus, as they now speak, spake those (who were) before them. Their hearts are all alike. We have made clear the revelations for people who are sure.” (2:118)
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"Why does Allah not speak to us or there come to us a sign?"
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“And those who have no knowledge say: Why doth not Allah speak unto us, or some sign come unto us? Even thus, as they now speak, spake those (who were) before them. Their hearts are all alike. We have made clear the revelations for people who are sure.” (2:118)
12:39
Their hearts are alike.
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“And those who have no knowledge say: Why doth not Allah speak unto us, or some sign come unto us? Even thus, as they now speak, spake those (who were) before them. Their hearts are all alike. We have made clear the revelations for people who are sure.” (2:118)
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The Christians, who are ignorant of Allah and His greatness, said,
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"Why does Allah not speak to us as He spoke to His prophets and messengers?"
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"Or why does a sign not come to us from Allah,
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By which we may know the truth of what we are upon?"
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And just as these ignorant Christians said,
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The Jews before them said the same,
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Asking their Lord to show them Allah openly,
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And to bring them a sign, and they wished for things they had no right to.
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So the hearts of the Jews and Christians became alike,
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In their rebellion against Allah,
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Their lack of knowledge of His greatness, and their audacity toward His prophets.
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We have clarified the signs for which,
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Allah became angry with the Jews,
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And Allah disgraced the Christians,
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As a clarification for those who are certain and firm in their affairs,
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And who seek to know the realities of things,
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With certainty and correctness.
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Indeed, We have sent you with the truth as a bringer of good tidings and a warner.
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“Lo! We have sent thee (O Muhammad) with the truth, a bringer of glad tidings and a warner. And thou wilt not be asked about the owners of hell-fire.” (2:119)
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Indeed, We have sent you, O Muhammad, with Islam,
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As a bringer of good tidings to those who follow you and obey you,
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Of victory in this world and lasting bliss in the Hereafter,
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And as a warner to those who disobey you, of disgrace in this world,
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And a humiliating punishment in the Hereafter.
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Your duty is only to convey and warn,
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And you are not responsible for those who disbelieved in the truth you brought,
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And who became among the people of the Fire.
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And never will the Jews or the Christians be pleased with you,
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Until you follow their religion.
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Say, "Indeed, the guidance of Allah is the [only] guidance."
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And if you were to follow their desires,
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“And the Jews will not be pleased with thee, nor will the Christians, till thou follow their creed. Say: Lo! the guidance of Allah (Himself) is Guidance. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then wouldst thou have from Allah no protecting guardian nor helper.” (2:120)
14:49
You would have from Allah no protector,
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No protector and no helper.
14:59
And the Jews, O Muhammad,
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And the Christians will never be pleased with you,
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And there is no way for you to please them,
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except by following their religion.
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For Judaism is opposed to Christianity,
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and Christianity is opposed to Judaism.
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Christianity and Judaism cannot coexist
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within one person at the same time.
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The Jews and the Christians will never be satisfied with you,
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unless you become a Jew or a Christian,
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and that is something that will never happen on your part.
15:34
Two opposing religions can never be combined within you at the same time.
15:39
Say, O Muhammad,
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that the clarification of Allah is the convincing clarification,
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and the decisive judgment between us.
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So come to the Book of Allah and His clarification.
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And if you were to follow, O Muhammad,
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the desires of these Jews and Christians
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after the knowledge that has come to you
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regarding their misguidance and their disbelief in their Lord,
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then you, O Muhammad, would have
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no guardian to manage your affairs,
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nor any helper to aid you against Allah.
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Those to whom We have given the Book
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recite it as it should be recited;
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it is they who believe in it.
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“Those unto whom We have given the Scripture, who read it with the right reading, those believe in it. And whoso disbelieveth in it, those are they who are the losers.” (2:121)
16:26
Those to whom We gave the Torah,
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they read it and followed what was in it as it should be followed;
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it is they who believe in the Book that I have revealed
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to My messenger Moses, may the prayers of Allah be upon him.
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They acknowledge what it contains regarding your attributes and description.
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And whoever denies what is in it,
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it is they who have lost their knowledge and their deeds.
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They have deprived themselves of their share of the mercy of Allah,
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and have exchanged it for the wrath and anger of Allah.
16:57
O Children of Israel,
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remember My favor which I have bestowed upon you,
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and that I preferred you over the worlds.
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O Children of Israel,
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remember the favors I have granted you,
17:15
and My saving you from the hands of your enemy, Pharaoh and his people,
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and My preferring you over the people among whom you lived,
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during the days you were in obedience to Me,
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by following My messenger to you and believing in him.
17:30
And fear a Day when no soul will avail another soul at all,
17:37
“And guard (yourselves) against a day when no soul will in aught avail another, nor will compensation be accepted from it, nor will intercession be of use to it; nor will they be helped.” (2:123)
17:40
“And guard (yourselves) against a day when no soul will in aught avail another, nor will compensation be accepted from it, nor will intercession be of use to it; nor will they be helped.” (2:123)
17:44
nor will intercession benefit it,
17:48
nor will they be helped.
17:52
And fear, O assembly of the Children of Israel,
17:55
you who have altered My Book,
17:57
the punishment of a Day when no soul will satisfy anything for another soul,
18:02
nor will any ransom be accepted from it,
18:04
nor will any intercessor benefit it,
18:07
nor will any helper aid it against Allah,
18:09
when He takes retribution from it for its disobedience.