Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 283 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (4-10) | Surah An-Nisa | Verses from (135) to (147)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari,
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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah An-Nisa'.
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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
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"O you who have believed,
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be persistently standing firm in justice,
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witnesses for Allah,
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“O ye who believe! Be ye staunch in justice, witnesses for Allah, even though it be against yourselves or (your) parents or (your) kindred, whether (the case be of) a rich man or a poor man, for Allah is nearer unto both (them ye are). So follow not passion lest ye lapse (from truth) and if ye lapse or fall away, then lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:135)
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even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives.
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“O ye who believe! Be ye staunch in justice, witnesses for Allah, even though it be against yourselves or (your) parents or (your) kindred, whether (the case be of) a rich man or a poor man, for Allah is nearer unto both (them ye are). So follow not passion lest ye lapse (from truth) and if ye lapse or fall away, then lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:135)
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Allah is more worthy of them both.
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So follow not personal inclination, lest you not be just.
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And if you distort your testimony or refuse to give it,
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then indeed Allah is ever, of what you do, Aware."
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O you who have believed, let it be among your core morals
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to uphold justice whenever you bear witness,
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even if your testimony is against yourselves,
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or against your parents or close relatives.
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Stand firm therein with equity and justice,
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and do not sway in favor of a rich person because of his wealth,
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nor in favor of a poor person out of pity for his poverty.
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For Allah is more entitled to care for both of them than you are,
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since He is their Master and Owner.
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So do not follow your own desires by deviating in your testimony.
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And if you twist the bearing of testimony and alter it—
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which is the twisting of the tongue to invalidate testimony—
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or turn away from it and refuse to bear it altogether,
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then indeed Allah is fully Aware and Knowledgeable of all that you do.
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He records it all to recompense you fully for it in the Hereafter.
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“O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.” (4:136)
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“O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.” (4:136)
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“O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.” (4:136)
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“O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.” (4:136)
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“O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.” (4:136)
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"and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray."
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O you who have believed in the Prophets and Messengers sent before Muhammad,
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believe truly in Allah and in Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah,
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and believe in the Qur'an that Muhammad has brought to you,
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and believe in the Scriptures that Allah revealed beforehand,
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namely the Torah and the Gospel.
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And whoever disbelieves in Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
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and denies his prophethood,
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and disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day,
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has indeed strayed far from the straight path
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and deviated profoundly from the right highway.
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“Lo! those who believe, then disbelieve and then (again) believe, then disbelieve, and then increase in disbelief, Allah will never pardon them, nor will He guide them unto a way.” (4:137)
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Indeed, those who acknowledged the ruling of the Torah,
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then disbelieved by violating its commands,
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and then those of them who affirmed Jesus and the Gospel,
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only to disbelieve thereafter by acting contrary to it,
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and then disbelieved in Muhammad, peace be upon him, and the Criterion (the Qur'an),
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thereby increasing through their denial in disbelief upon disbelief—
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Allah was never going to conceal their disbelief by pardoning them from punishment,
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nor was He going to guide them to the path of truth and grant them success in reaching it,
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but rather He leaves them forsaken and astray from it.
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“Bear unto the hypocrites the tidings that for them there is a painful doom;” (4:138)
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Inform the hypocrites that for them on the Day of Resurrection is a painful punishment,
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and that is the torment of Hellfire.
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“Those who chose disbelievers for their friends instead of believers! Do they look for power at their hands? Lo! all power appertaineth to Allah.” (4:139)
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“Those who chose disbelievers for their friends instead of believers! Do they look for power at their hands? Lo! all power appertaineth to Allah.” (4:139)
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So let one seek honor, might, and victory solely from Allah.
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"Indeed, you would then be like them."
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“He hath already revealed unto you in the Scripture that, when ye hear the revelations of Allah rejected and derided, (ye) sit not with them (who disbelieve and mock) until they engage in some other conversation. Lo! in that case (if ye stayed) ye would be like unto them. Lo! Allah will gather hypocrites and disbelievers, all together, into hell;” (4:140)
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And warn those among the hypocrites who take the disbelievers as allies and supporters
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after what has been revealed to them in the Qur'an:
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“He hath already revealed unto you in the Scripture that, when ye hear the revelations of Allah rejected and derided, (ye) sit not with them (who disbelieve and mock) until they engage in some other conversation. Lo! in that case (if ye stayed) ye would be like unto them. Lo! Allah will gather hypocrites and disbelievers, all together, into hell;” (4:140)
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"Do not sit with them until they engage in a conversation other than that."
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For if you do not leave their company in that state,
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you will have committed a disobedience to Allah similar to what they have committed,
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and you would then be just like them.
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Indeed, Allah will gather both groups—the people of disbelief and hypocrisy—together in Hellfire on the Day of Resurrection.
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“Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.” (4:141)
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“Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.” (4:141)
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They said:
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“Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.” (4:141)
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“Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.” (4:141)
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“Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.” (4:141)
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Those hypocrites who wait and watch what befalls you, O believers:
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if Allah grants you a victory over your enemy along with spoils of war,
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they say, "Were we not with you, fighting your enemy?
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So give us our share of the spoils!"
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But if your disbelieving enemies have a share of success against you,
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these hypocrites say to the disbelievers,
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"Did we not hold the upper hand over you yet protected you, enabling you to overcome the believers,
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and defend you against them by undermining their morale?"
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But Allah will judge between the believers and the hypocrites on the Day of Resurrection,
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and Allah will never grant the disbelievers a prevailing argument over the believers on the Day of Resurrection.
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That is a promise from Allah to the believers:
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He will never admit the hypocrites into the believers' place in Paradise,
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nor will He place the believers in the hypocrites' place in Hellfire,
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which would otherwise give the disbelievers an argument against the believers by saying,
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"Here you were our enemies in the worldly life,
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and the hypocrites were our allies,
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yet you have all been gathered together in the Fire!"
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“Lo! the hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is He Who beguileth them. When they stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of Allah but little;” (4:142)
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“Lo! the hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is He Who beguileth them. When they stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of Allah but little;” (4:142)
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"And when they stand for prayer, they stand lazily,
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and when they stand for prayer, they stand lazily,
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showing off to the people,
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showing off to the people."
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“Lo! the hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is He Who beguileth them. When they stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of Allah but little;” (4:142)
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Indeed, the hypocrites try to deceive Allah to protect their blood and wealth,
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but Allah deceives them through the ruling He enacted sparing their lives
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on account of the faith they openly profess with their tongues,
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while He fully knows what their inner consciences conceal,
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gradually drawing them on until they meet Him in the Hereafter,
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whereupon He will drive them into Hellfire.
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“Lo! the hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is He Who beguileth them. When they stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of Allah but little;” (4:142)
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They pray only to show off before the believers, so they will think them one of them while they are not,
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and they do not remember Allah except ostentatiously,
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merely to protect themselves from being killed.
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"Wavering between them, belonging neither to these
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nor to those;
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and whoever Allah leaves to stray, you will never find for him a way."
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They are wavering and utterly confused in their religion,
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not resting upon any soundly held conviction;
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they are neither with the believers upon clear insight,
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nor openly with the polytheists upon their ignorance.
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And whomever Allah forsakes and leaves without guidance to the right path,
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you will never find for him, O Muhammad, any other way to reach the truth.
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O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger,
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do not take the disbelievers as allies, supporting them
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instead of the believers who share your faith.
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Do you intend, O you who take the disbelievers as allies,
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to give Allah a clear proof against yourselves,
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demonstrating undeniably your wrongdoing?
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So do not expose yourselves to the wrath of Allah
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by establishing proof against your own selves
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through embarking upon what your Lord has forbidden you,
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namely befriending and allying with His enemies.
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Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth
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of the levels of Hellfire,
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and you will never find for these hypocrites,
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O Muhammad, any helper against Allah to aid them
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and save them from His punishment—
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"Except those who repent, reform,
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“Save those who repent and amend and hold fast to Allah and make their religion pure for Allah (only). Those are with the believers. And Allah will bestow on the believers an immense reward.” (4:146)
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and hold fast to Allah and are sincere in their religion for Allah;
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those are with the believers,
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and Allah is going to give the believers a great reward."
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Except those who return to the truth
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by affirming the Oneness of Allah
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and believing in His Messenger,
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and who rectify their deeds,
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fulfilling His obligatory duties and refraining from His prohibitions,
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holding firmly to the covenant of Allah,
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and making their obedience purely and sincerely for Allah.
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Such people will be alongside the believers in Paradise,
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and Allah will bestow upon those possessing these qualities,
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in return for their repentance, an immense reward.
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What would Allah do, O hypocrites,
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with your punishment if you repent to Allah,
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and show gratitude to Him for the blessings He has bestowed upon you
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by turning back in repentance to His pure monotheism?
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And Allah is ever Appreciative of you
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and of His servants for their obedience,
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granting them abundant reward for it,
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and All-Knowing of all that you do, O hypocrites,
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and all that others do of good and evil,
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so that He may recompense you according to your deeds,
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giving you your full recompense on the Day of Resurrection.